Chomera chokongoletsera cha Amaranth sili ndi kukongola kwakunja kokha, komanso ndizothandiza zambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala komanso manyowa obiriwira, ufa, mankhwala amaranth mafuta ndi chakudya cha ziweto amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Mpaka pano, obereketsa apanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya amaranth, omwe amakongoletsa mabedi amaluwa m'nyumba zanyumba zamalimwe.
Chomera chimakhala chosazindikira, monga momwe zimasonyezedwera ndi duwa, lomwe limamasulira "maluwa osafota." Mutha kuphunzira za mawonekedwe a kukula kwa mbewu ndi chisamaliro poyera kuchokera m'nkhani yathu.
Kufotokozera kwa Amaranth ndi chithunzi
Chomera chamtundu uliwonse chokhala ndi minyewa yosavuta kapena chophukira kutalika chimatha kufika 30 cm mpaka 2-3 mamita. Zake masamba akukongoletsa ndipo imatha kukhala yobiriwira, yofiirira komanso yofiyira. Pamwamba pa tsamba limakhala lakuthwa pang'ono komanso notch, m'munsi mumayalidwa ndi petiole. Apical spikelet panicles a violet, wobiriwira, ofiira kapena golide mtundu amakhala ndi axillary maluwa.
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu pafupifupi 900 ya amaranth, yomwe sikupezeka khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri m'minda yaku Russia. Onsewa ndi osazindikira ndipo amakula pafupifupi nyengo iliyonse komanso panthaka iliyonse.
Amaranth: mitundu, mitundu, chithunzi
Amaranth asokonekera. Mwachilengedwe, mbewu yomwe ili ndi mphamvu, yolimba yolimba imamera ku South America, Asia ndi Africa. Kutalika, kumatha kufika mita imodzi ndi theka. Wobiriwira kapena wofiirira masamba akuluakulu ali ndi mawonekedwe a ovoid. Kutentha kwakutali kwa inflorescences kumakhala ndi glomeruli yoyambira, yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku rasipiberi kapena maluwa achikasu obiriwira. Maluwa akupitilira kuyambira Juni mpaka Okutobala. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi:
- Grünschwartz ndi chomera champhamvu chokhala ndi inflorescences cha kuwala kwamtundu wobiriwira.
- Rothschwanz ndi chitsamba mpaka 75cm kutalika, pa mphukira pomwe ma inflorescence ofiira amapangika.
Amaranth ndi mitundu itatu. Chomera chokongoletsera ndi chitsamba cha piramidi, chomwe chimayambira ndipo chimafikira masentimita 70-150. Masamba okongoletsedwa ndi mazira amapentedwa mitundu itatu kamodzi. Imawoneka yokongola moperewera komanso yowala papa pepala kuphatikiza kofiyira, kobiriwira ndi chikaso. Limamasula kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndipo limamasula mpaka chisanu. Mitundu yotchuka:
Airlie Splendor - osiyanasiyana okhala ndi green wobiriwira, masamba otsika akuda ndi rasipiberi wowala;- Aurora - chomera ndi chitsamba chomwe nthambi zake zimasanjidwa ndi masamba okongola a golide wachikasu;
- Kuwala - zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba amphamvu owoneka bwino, omwe ali ndi utoto wachikasu, ndipo patapita kanthawi amakhala ofiira owala.
Airlie Splendor - osiyanasiyana okhala ndi green wobiriwira, masamba otsika akuda ndi rasipiberi wowala;Amaranth ndi achisoni kapena amdima. Chitsamba chaching'ono-chokhala ndi timitengo mpaka mita 1.5 masamba obiriwira obiriwira kapena obiriwira mawonekedwe oblong-lanceolate. Mtundu wa panicles wa spiky wokhazikika umatengera mitundu:
- Green Tamb - chomera chaching'ono chimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya emerald hue;
- Pygmy Torch ndi chitsamba mpaka 60 cm kutalika ndi masamba okongola ndi inflorescence, omwe poyamba amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, ndipo pamapeto pake amakhala mgoza.
Amaranth ndi wofiirira kapena wamantha. Chomera chokhala ndi masamba ofota komanso owoneka ngati abuluzi ofikira kufikira masentimita 75-150. inflorescence yolimba imakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ofiira omwe amatulutsa mu June. Maluwa amapitilira mpaka chisanu. Lingaliroli limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa ziwembu zamaluwa ndikupanga maluwa. Pakati wamaluwa, odziwika kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mantha amaranth:
Ngakhale Biscuit ndiye chomera chachitali kwambiri chomwe chimayambira mita imodzi kutalika, masamba obiriwira komanso inflorescence yowala-lalanje.- Grunefakel - kalasi yotsika ndi inflorescence yobiriwira yakuda;
- Tinsalu tating'onoting'ono timasiyana masentimita 35 ndi inflorescence, omwe amakhala ndi maluwa ofiirira;
- Damu la Rother ndi chomera chachikulu pakati 50 masentimita, pa mphukira zomwe masamba ofiira akuda amakula ndi maluwa a maroon.
Ngakhale Biscuit ndiye chomera chachitali kwambiri chomwe chimayambira mita imodzi kutalika, masamba obiriwira komanso inflorescence yowala-lalanje.Amaranth: Kulima mbewu
Mbewu za Amaranth zimalowa nthawi yayitali, ndiye mbewuyo imakula chifukwa cha mbande kapena kufesa m'dothi lotseguka.
Momwe mungabzalire mbeu mbande?
M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira komanso chilimwe mbande zikuyenera kuyamba kukula m'zaka khumi za February. Popeza masikuwo ndi afupikitsa nthawi yachisanu, afunika kuwonjezera.
Mutha kugula dothi lapadziko lonse pobzala kapena kusakaniza osakaniza ndi dothi kuchokera kumagawo ofanana:
- humus;
- peat;
- malo owombera.
Dothi losasuluka lotayidwa liyenera kulandilidwa. Kupha microflora ya pathogenic, dothi limayamba kuthiridwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena madzi otentha.
Mabokosi ambewu yotalika masentimita 10 amadzazidwa ndi dothi lonyowa, pomwe mbewu zimabzalidwa mozama pafupifupi 0,5 cm. Kuchokera pamwamba iwo amafafizidwa kuchokera ku sprayer ndi madzi otentha chipinda ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena polyethylene. Mu wowonjezera kutentha ndipo pa kutentha kwa mpweya osati kutsika kuposa + 22 ° ะก mbande zimamera m'masiku 4-5. Afunika kuyikidwa m'malo abwino ndikuwachotsa filimuyo. Kusamalira mmera kumakhala kuthirira munthawi yake ndi kuphukira kwa masamba, ngati afesedwa kwambiri.
Dawo la miphika lomwe mbewu zobzalidwa zazing'ono liyenera kukhala losachepera 12 cm. Kuzitsina pamwamba kudzathandizira kulimbikitsa mizu ndikuyamba kupukutira mbewuyo pozula mbande.
Ngati kutentha kwapakati sikutsika pansi + madigiri, mbande zingabzalidwe pamaluwa a munda.
Zambiri za kubzala amaranth poyera
Chomera chosalemekeza chidzazika mizu ndipo chimakula pafupifupi kulikonse. Koma kuti akwaniritse kukongoletsa kwakukulu kwa masamba komanso maluwa akutali, Chiwembu cha Amaranth chimasankhidwa malinga ndi malingaliro otsatirawa:
- Pamalo owala bwino, inflorescence ndi masamba adzakhala ndi mtundu wowala.
- Sitikulimbikitsidwa kukula tchire pamadothi a marshy, popeza mapesi amtundu wa amaranth amatha kuyamba kuvunda. Ndikofunika kubzala mu mchenga wotsekeka bwino kapena dothi loamy.
- Maluwa amva bwino ndikukula bwino mderalo ndi zikhalidwe zina.
Ndikofunika kukonzekeretsa dothi podzala mbande nthawi yakumapeto. Iyenera kukumba, kuyeretsa zinyalala ndi namsongole ndikuthira feteleza ndi potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi humus.
Konzani mbande zobzala panthaka ziyenera kuyamba sabata limodzi. Masiku ano kuthirira kwawo kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo mbande zimawumitsidwa. Izi tsiku lililonse miphika yokhala ndi mbewu zazing'ono ikuchitika pa khonde kapena m'munda. Patsiku loyamba, kwa ola limodzi, kenako nthawi yomwe mbande zili panthaka zimawonjezeka ndi ola lina tsiku lililonse. M'masiku omaliza, mbande zimatsala m'mundamo usiku.
Mbande za Amaranth zimabzalidwa patali masentimita 40-50 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake: Ndikubzala kwa gulu, mtunda pakati pa mizere ayenera kukhala osachepera 80 cm kwa mbewu zazikulu ndi pafupifupi 50 cm kwa undersized. Mabasi obzalidwa m'mitsime yokonzedwa amathiriridwa bwino.
M'tsogolomu, mmera sufunika chisamaliro chapadera. Idzakhala yokwanira, koma osati kuthirira pafupipafupi, kuchotsa maudzu, kumasula nthawi ndi nthawi dothi komanso chonde. Chifukwa chaichi kamodzi masiku 7-10 Amaranths amathiriridwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni kapena mullein.
Amaranth pambuyo maluwa
Pansi pazachilengedwe, amaranth ndi mbewu yosatha, koma m'mitunda yathu silivomereza nyengo iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, pakugwa, mbewu yomwe idasowa zokongoletsa zake imatayika ndikuyitaya. Ngati sichitha kutenga matenda aliwonse, ndiye kuti nsonga zake zitha kupindidwa mu dzenje la kompositi. Nthaka ya chomera imakhala ndi vitamini C wambiri, carotene ndi mapuloteni, kotero amathanso kudyetsedwa nkhuku kapena nkhumba.
Kutoletsa mbewu
Pofuna kuti musagule mbewu chaka chamawa, mutha kusonkhanitsa nokha patatha maluwa amaranth. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:
Sankhani mbewu zingapo zolimba ndikusiya masamba.- Tsinde likangokhala loyera, masamba am'munsi mwake nkuumauma ndikugwa, kudula mitengo yamtengo pachitsamba. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchite izi pouma.
- Dulani inflorescence imayikidwa milungu ingapo m'chipinda chotsekeramo, chouma.
- Pakupita milungu iwiri kapena pambuyo pake, panicles ziume bwino, adzafunika kupukutidwa ndi manja anu. Nthawi imeneyi njere zimayamba kutuluka m'mabokosi. Afunika kuzingidwa kudzera mu sieve.
Sankhani mbewu zingapo zolimba ndikusiya masamba.Mbewu za Amaranth zitha kusungidwa mthumba kapena bokosi. Samataya kumera kwa zaka zisanu.
Popeza zokongoletsera za amaranth ndizokongola, zosaganizira, zothandiza ndipo ndizosavuta kuzikula kuchokera ku mbewu, adayamba kutchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Amakongoletsa bedi lamaluwa ndi mabedi a maluwa, ntchito ngati maziko a maluwa, kapena kupanga malo owala pa udzu. Amaranths adzakondwera ndi kukongoletsa kwawo ngakhale pamasamba osakhala olemera padzuwa nthawi yonse yotentha.
