Pali mitundu yoposa 50 ya tsache, yomwe imafalikira ku Europe, Western Siberia, Africa. Mwambiri, ndi zitsamba zosalemekeza 50-300 cm, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga malo, ngakhale siziri zambiri.
Chipwirikiti, mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino kukongoletsa mipanda, malire komanso osangokhala pakatikati pa Russian Federation, imadziwika ndi kutuluka kwa nthawi ya masika - zimayambira zimakula kukula kuyambira Meyi ndipo sizimaliza mpaka matalala omwe. Izi zimalola kusungitsa masamba obiriwira m'mundamo nthawi yonse yotentha, ndiye kuti mbewuyo "imalipira" popanda kupsa kwathunthu zomwe zimayambira nthawi yachisanu ndi masamba ndikuzizira.
Mitundu ya tsache ndi mitundu
Tsache laku Russia - chitsamba chokulirapo kwambiri chopezeka m'nkhalango ndi mapiri a Russia, kumadzulo kwa Siberia ndi Caucasus. Amakonda kuwala, osati kotalika (osapitirira 150 cm kutalika) ndi nthambi za pubescent ndi nthambi zowongoka kapena zopindika za utoto. Tsitsi limapezekanso kuyambira pansi pamasamba, ndipo kuchokera kumtunda ndi la utoto wonyezimira. Maluwa a maluwa akuluakulu achikasu amakhala masiku 25.
Kukucha kumachitika mu Seputembara. Zipatso - nyemba, mkati mwake mumakhala mbewu zosalaza za chikasu kapena mtundu wakuda. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi nyengo yabwino yozizira komanso kulekerera chilala, pomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala ndipo ndiyomera yabwino kwambiri ya uchi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito m'mabedi amodzi ndi gulu, komanso polimbikitsa ndi kukongoletsa malo otsetsereka.
Wopanga Wokwawa kuchokera kumwera kwa Europe ndi kotsika kwambiri (mpaka 20c cm), koma kumatha kutalika mpaka 80 cm. Mapangidwe ake obiriwira obiriwira ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira pansi kuchokera pansi nawonso amakhala otsika (zomwezo zimapangira zipatso).
Maluwa a maluwa - kuchokera kowala mpaka wachikasu. Awootalika 1.5 masentimita ndipo amatulutsa maluwa okongola kwambiri kotero kuti mbewu zina zazifupi zazitali sizingafanane nazo. Limamasamba mu Meyi ndi June, limagwirizana ndi chisanu (limatha kuziziritsa pang'ono nthawi yozizira), limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabungwe ogulitsa komanso pamiyala.
Coronet tsache
Kuchokera pakati ndi kumwera kwa Europe, imakhala pang'onopang'ono kokha paubwana. Zomwe zimayambira zimatalika masentimita 300, ndipo maluwa 2 and centimeter omwe ali ndi kapu ya pubescent ndi peduncle amapentedwa pang'ono kamvekedwe ka chikasu. Kugwa koyambirira kwa masamba amtunduwu kumachitika chifukwa chokonzekera timitengo tachisanu, ndipo chifukwa chake, imatha kupirira kuzizira mpaka -20 ℃. Tsache la Coronary ladzaza kwambiri ku Europe (nyengo yofunda).
Mitundu yake yambiri yokongoletsa imaphatikizapo mitundu:
- tsache - wokhala ndi maluwa ofiira komanso pamaso achikaso,
- burqwoody tsache - yokhala ndi maluwa ofiira a maluwa ndi mapiri agolide,
- mapiko ofiira - yokhala ndi mithunzi yamaluwa kuchokera ku garnet ofiira kukhala rasipiberi ndi malo achikaso pamunsi ndi ena.
Broomman Lena limamasula ndi maluwa owoneka bwino. Kutalika kwa zitsamba zokumbika zolimbirana kwambiri ndi masentimita 130 ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 150. Nthambi zobiriwira zazing'ono zachinyamata ndizopepuka, monga chikho chokhala ndi maluwa.
Zomera - zazing'ono, zowaza kapena zodutsa-lanceolate, zobiriwira za emarodi. Kukongola kwa maluwa onunkhira pang'ono kumawonetsedwa pakufanana kwawo ndi nandolo, pomwe maluwa amaterera ndipo amayamba m'masiku omaliza a masika.
Tsache loyambira
Kutalika kwa 100 mpaka 150 cm amapanga korona wobiriwira ndi masamba obiriwira opepuka. Amamasuka kwambiri ndi maluwa owala achikasu onunkhira bwino. Kwa mitundu, komanso mitundu yake, chisanu chimakana. Mmodzi wa iwo - msuzi wa chifki ruby - ndiwokongoletsa mosaganizira ndi maluwa ake ambiri, ofiira kunja ndi pinki komanso utoto wofiirira pakatikati, pomwe amatha kufikira kutalika kwa mamita awiri. Amaluwa pakatikati kamasika kwa mwezi umodzi.
Gawo lina ndi cactus albus - imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Albus imakula kutalika ndi kutalika kwa 120 cm.Maluwa ake ndi oyera ndi achikasu, limayamba kutulutsa mu Meyi ndikupitilira kutulutsa maluwa mpaka pakati pa chilimwe.
Tsitsi lakuda - Wobadwa kudera la Europe ku Russia, Belarus, Ukraine ndi Western Europe. Mtunduwu umatchedwa ndi dzina chifukwa masamba ake amada nthawi yakuuma. Kukhazikika kwachilengedwe kwamtunduwu ndi nkhalango zamapiri zamitengo yamatanthwe.
Kutalika kwa chitsamba sikupitilira mita imodzi, mitengo yake ndiyoterera. Maluwa a maluwa obisika, opangidwa ndi maluwa achikasu achikasu, amayamba kumapeto kwa June ndikutha kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Wokhala wokongola mwapadera komanso wowonjezera mphamvu ya mbewu.
Kubzala bedi ndi chisamaliro kumadera oyandikira
Kuti mubzale tsache, moyenera, muyenera kusankha malo abwino ndi otentha. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pano ndikutchinjiriza ku mphepo. Kubzala pansi ndikulimbikitsidwa mu Epulo-Meyi motalikirana mtunda pakati pa mbande pafupifupi 30 cm.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti tsache ili ndi zinthu zambiri zapoizoni zomwe zimatha kuvulaza chilengedwe pomwe mbewuyo ili pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kochulukirapo, koma osati pafupipafupi, chifukwa chakuti mbewuyo imagwirizana ndi chilala. Ndikofunikira kuyendetsa chinyezi chadothi, kupewa kuthamanga kwa madzi, kuchotsa kwathunthu kuthirira mvula ikagwa.
Kubzala kwa Cotoneaster ndi chisamaliro poyera, kuvala pamwamba, kubereka ndi zina zambiri zomwe mungapeze m'nkhaniyi.
Choyambirira cha tsache
Dothi labwino kwambiri la tsache ili ndi mchenga, nthaka ndi humus. Ndikofunika kumasula dothi m'dera la shrub ndi udzu, koma njira yoyamba iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala - osakuza kwambiri (10 cm ndikokwanira), kuti musavulaze mizu. Kuphatikiza apo, m'malo momasuka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mulching ndi peat kuzama kosaposa 5 cm.
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika pokhapokha pakufunika. Kuti muchite izi, konzani dothi losakanikirana ndi tinthu tosungika, humus ndi mchenga.
Feteleza kwa tsache
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayenera kupangidwa mumalimwe komanso nthawi yotentha. Poyamba, urea kapena wina aliyense, kuphatikiza nayitrogeni, amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza, ndipo chachiwiri, phosphorous ndi zinthu zina zochokera potaziyamu.
Mutha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito phulusa. Kudyetsa kamodzi masiku 14.
Kuyesa Kachesi
Mtolo wodulira sufunika kudulira korona. Ndizofunikira m'chilimwe, mutatha maluwa, ndiye kuti ambiri amakulitsidwa ndi ma inflorescence.
Pambuyo pachimake, amachepetsa mphukira zamitengo yolimba.
Msuzi wozizira
Ngakhale mitundu yambiri ya tsache siligwirizana ndi kuzizira, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo ena osamalira omwe angathandize mbewu kupulumuka nyengo yachisanu:
- Kukula kwacinyamata ndikwabwino kutetezedwa ndi chisanu;
- Mtundu uliwonse wokhazikika umafunikira pogona nyengo yachisanu ndi nthambi za spruce;
- Zitsamba zazitali ziyenera kukanikizidwa padziko lapansi mothandizidwa ndi mabatani apadera komanso okutidwa ndi spruce pamwamba kapena yokutidwa ndi masamba owuma;
- Kwa akuluakulu, pogona nyengo yachisanu sifunikira.
Kufalikira kwa mbewu za tsache
Kufalikira kwa tsache pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya mbewu ikuchitika molingana ndi chiwembu chotsatira:
- Chombocho chimadzazidwa ndi dothi lopepuka - mchenga ndi peat ndizoyenera.
- Pakumapeto kwa chilimwe, mbewuzo zimazamitsidwa pansi ndi 5 mm (osatinso), yokutidwa ndi filimuyo ndikubzala pomwe mulibe dzuwa, ndipo kutentha kozungulira kumakhala pafupifupi 20 ℃.
- Mbewu zimayendetsedwa mwadongosolo, ndipo dothi limanyowa.
Mphukira zoyambirira ziyenera kuyembekezeredwa ndi masika. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwawo, ndikofunikira kuyenda m'miphika yopatula yokhala ndi dothi losakanikirana, kuphatikiza dothi lansomba, mchenga ndi humus molingana ndi 2: 1: 1.
Pambuyo pobzala mbande panthaka komanso mizu yomwe yachitika, nthawi yakwana kutsina tsinde, yomwe iperekanso nthambi zambiri zogwira ntchito.
Kufalitsa msuzi ndi odulidwa
Kufalikira ndi kudula kumayamba ndikudula tsinde la munthu wamkulu kumapeto kwa nthawi ya maluwa. Mphukira iyenera kukhala ndi masamba atatu. Kudula kumakhala m'mbale ndipo kumakutidwa ndi galasi, kenako kupuma bwino komanso kupukutidwa.
Osakaniza dothi ayenera kusankhidwa chimodzimodzi ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira yofalitsira mbeu yomwe tafotokozazi. Kubzala zodula mutazika mizu panthaka imapangidwa kasupe.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mwa matenda ndi tizirombo tomwe titha kuwononga kwambiri tsache, ndikofunikira kuwunikira amphaka amathotho owala. Amayamba kulimbana nawo nthawi yomweyo chikapezeka masamba, pogwiritsa ntchito chlorophos (0,2%).
Kutsutsa fulu la mbalame mankhwalawa ndi organophosphorous kapena ma bacteria atizilombo tingathandize (mutha kuwasakaniza).
Powdery Mildew ndi mawanga akuda kuthetsa mankhwalawa impso kugona ndi 5% mkuwa sulphate, komanso ndiazazine m'chilimwe.
