Lilac ndi shrub yokongoletsera, yomwe m'chilengedwe muli mitundu 30, ina mwa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mchikhalidwe. Ngakhale palibe gulu limodzi la mtunduwu, kuwonjezera pa mitundu yazachilengedwe, zowonjezera zina ndizofala, zomwe zimapangidwa ndikuwoloka kwachilengedwe ndikuthokoza kuyesetsa kwa alimi.
Ambiri aiwo amaimiridwa ndi mitundu ingapo. Malo achilengedwe opanga kukula kwa lilacs ndi mapiri a Eurasia. Ku Balkan ndi Carpathians, lilacs wamba ndi Hungary amakula, kumadzulo kwa Himalayas - Persian, ndi mitundu ina yonse - ku Japan, Korea, Primorye, Amur Region komanso, makamaka ku China.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lilac
Ndizachikhalidwe kuphatikiza mitundu ndi mitundu ya lilac malinga ndi mtundu waukulu womwe wasandulika kutchuka kwambiri - maluwa okongola kwambiri okhala ndi fungo lamphamvu lamphamvu. Maluwa ang'ono ndi onunkhira kwambiri mawonekedwe a chovalachi ndi dzanja m'makoko anayi amapanga mawonekedwe a inflorescence-panicles.
Zizindikiro zina zimatha kusiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, mitengo imapezeka pakati pa zitsamba, ndipo masamba amatha kukhala owonda kapena opendekera ndi malangizo otsogola, operewera komanso nthenga, koma sangathe kusankha chochita patayambira chifukwa chamaluwa wamaluwa komanso otuwa.
Lilac yodziwika bwino
Ma lilac onse wamba amakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu (kuchokera 1 masentimita awiri). Mumitundu ina, ndizochepa. Chodziwika kwambiri komanso chotchuka kwambiri ndi lilac wamba, yomwe aliyense adawona kwinakwake ku paki kapena kunyumba yanyengo yachilimwe. Walimidwa kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1600, chifukwa chomwe lero uli ndi mitundu yambiri.
Chimodzi mwazoyambirira komanso zofunidwa - lilac red Moscow ali ndi maluwa aryry lilac-pinki amithunzi ya peyala, 2,5 cm, ndikupanga mapiramidi 25 a centimeter a inflorescence.
Lilac mbendera ya Lenin - chowala komanso chowoneka bwino, chili ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira mpaka masentimita 2,2, ophatikizidwa mwamitundu yambiri komanso yolimba ya panicle.
Gulu kumvetsetsa kwamaso a lilac Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa kuyera kwamaso oyera pamaluwa amdima a lilac a m'mimba mwake ngati mitundu yam'mbuyomu (kukula kwa inflorescences ndi pafupifupi 20 cm).
Lilac Primrose Ndiwopadera maonekedwe ake - maluwa ake amapakidwa utoto wonyezimira, ndipo maluwawo amakhala achikasu achikasu, ndipo akamatentha ndi dzuwa, pamakhala zipatso zambiri.
Wamba amakhalanso lilacinth ndi chinese lilac. Mitundu ndi mitundu ya yoyambayo imasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa oyambirira, chachiwiri ndi chosakanizidwa mwachilengedwe chokhala ndi inflorescence zokulirapo poyerekeza ndi lilac wamba ndi zazikulu zazing'ono kuthengo kwathunthu.
Anachokera ku Chinese lilac (yokhala ndi maluwa awiriawiri, yophatikizika) yomwe ili pafupi ndi nyengo ya Moscow imatha kuzizira pang'ono, ngakhale, ngati kulibe kuzizira kwambiri, imakula.
Lilac waku Hungary
Mu Russian Federation, itangotha lilac wamba, lilac ya ku Hungary imapatsidwa ulemu wapadera. Mtengo wake siwambiri, koma umamera paliponse, makamaka m'mizinda. Kutulutsa kwa mkazi wa ku Hungary kumayambira mwezi umodzi, ndipo kumadziwika ndi kusasunthika komanso kusasamala, koyenera kuyamikiridwa - amalekerera mosavuta chilala, kupanikizana, mthunzi, mpweya wowonjezereka wokhala ndi mpweya komanso amatha kupirira kuzizira kwa 40-degree.
Lilac Zvegintsova (kwamawonekedwe) kuti lilac laubweya (kwamawonekedwe), maonekedwe awo amakumbukira kwambiri Chihangare kuti akatswiri okha ndi omwe amatha kuwasiyanitsa. Amadziwika ndi masamba opindika, amaloza kumapeto, ali ndi tsitsi kapena cilia m'mitsempha ndi m'mphepete. Maluwa a ma lilac amenewa ndi ang'ono poyerekeza ndi lilacs wamba, koma tchire ndilotalika, kutalika (mpaka 5 mita) ndi mitengo yayikulu yokulirapo. Kulimbana ndi chisanu kwabwino nkofunikira kwa onse.
Cirrus lilacs
Woimira pitani lilac ndi ena angapo. Pamodzi ndi ovoid-lanceolate, adakumana ndi masamba owoneka bwino. Mwa omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi gulu la lilacs, Apersia ndi okhawo omwe amatha kuchita bwino mumsewu wapakati wa Russia.
Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi cha haibridi wamtali wamtali wotchedwa lilac, fungo lamaluwa omwe amasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina, ndipo kukula sikupita 2 metres. Pakati pa maluwa kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa Juni, lilacs zaku Persia zimakutidwa ndi maluwa oyera, ofiira kapena ofiirira.
Lilacs yolimba
Monga Meyer Lilacyokhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepa a pubescence pa masamba ndi inflorescence, okhala ndi maluwa ang'ono koma onunkhira bwino. Ma lilac onse ooneka bwino ndi okongola komanso apachiyambi, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwakuthengo (mpaka mita 1.5 kutalika). Amakongoletsa ma kindergartens ndi rockeries ozizira kwambiri, koma siowuma kwambiri kuti apulumuke nyengo yozizira.
Makamaka, zamitundu mitundu Meyer Lilac Palibin Turkey Yofunda imaganiziridwa kuti ndiyo chilengedwe chomera, kuyambira komwe idayambitsidwa. Kuphatikiza pa tating'onoting'ono tachilumbachi, mitunduyi imadziwikanso ndi mitengo yaying'ono yotalika masentimita 10, yopangidwa kuchokera ku maluwa ofiirira a pinki omwe amakhala ndi lilac hue. Maluwa a Meyer lilac amayamba mu Meyi ndipo amakhala kwa miyezi 1-2.
Mtengo lilac
Malo osiyana ndi gululi ndi a lilacs ooneka ngati mitengo. M'modzi mwa oimira gululi ndi Amur lilaczobisika ndi ofufuza ena amtundu wina. Cholinga cha izi chinali chakuti ngakhale zipatso ndizofanana ndi mtundu wa dzina lomweli, koma maluwawo amafanana kwambiri ndi mbewu za genus privet.
Ma inflorescence akulu a Amur lilacs amapangidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera a kirimu okhala ndi ma stamens apamwamba achikasu. Kutalika kwa zitsamba ndi mitengo kungafikire mita 10, masamba ake amakhala ndi malangizo. Mtengo wa lilacs umaphukira nthawi yachilimwe (masabata angapo pambuyo pa Hungary), suthana ndi chisanu ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, koma sizitha kulekerera chilala chachikulu.
Lagerstremia Indian
Omwe ambiri amatcha "indac lilac", Ngakhale lingaliro loti silikhala la banja lino, kapena kuti lidayende, limadziwika ndi maluwa okongola utoto, utoto, rasipiberi kapena utoto. Masamba ake ndiwotuluka, ndipo kukula mpaka 10 metres.
Kutengera ndi dzinali, titha kuganiza kuti malo omwe mbewuyi idabadwira ndi India, komabe, ndiye malo otentha a China. Zitsamba zokongoletsera zobiriwira zokhala ndi ma lilac a ku India ndizabwino kwambiri kukongoletsa mapaki ndi nyumba zobiriwira.
Kubzala Lilac ndikusamalira poyera
Kwa kukula kwa lilacs, ndibwino kusankha malo opepuka, otetezedwa ndi mphepo zamphamvu. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzikhala m'malo otsika, okhala ndi madambo komanso nthawiasefukira nthawi zina pachaka. Kusasunthika kocheperako kwambiri kungasokoneze kukula kwa mizu ya chomera.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala ndi pakati pa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Seputembara, nyengo yake ndi yamtambo, nthawi yamadzulo. Kutali komwe wina ndi mnzake kubzala mbande zimatengera mitundu / mitundu yomwe adasankhidwa - itha kukhala 2 mpaka 3 mita.
Timaperekanso kuwerengera, kubzala apulo ndi chisamaliro poyera. Itha kukhala chokongoletsera choyenera m'mundamo, kuphatikiza apo, imabweretsa zipatso zabwino komanso zabwino. Mupeza malingaliro onse okukula komanso okhutira m'nkhaniyi.
Kuthirira lilacs
Mutabzala lilac, iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri pafupi ndi mitengo. M'tsogolomu, kuthirira pafupipafupi kudzakhala kofunikira panthawi ya maluwa ndi mapesi kukula, m'masiku a chilimwe amachitika kokha ndi kutentha kwambiri.
Dothi la lilac
Zofunikira zadothi ndizotsatirazi: chinyezi chokwanira, chonde, ngalande komanso chinyezi chambiri. Lilac imakonda acidity yochepa kapena kusalowerera kwadothi komanso kucheperako pansi.
Makoma a maenje akufikira azikhala odzala, mulingo wogawidwa mofananamo osayenera kupitirira 50 cubic metres. masentimita mu nthaka yachonde, 100 cubic metres. masentimita - mwa osauka, mchenga. Maziko a dothi amapangidwa ndi humus kapena kompositi (15-20 makilogalamu), phulusa lamatanda (200-300 magalamu) ndi superphosphate (20-30 magalamu).
Chifukwa chakuti gawo lomaliza limathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale ndi dothi, pankhani ya dothi lokhala ndi acidic, izi siziyenera kutengeka ndi phulusa lowirikiza kawiri gawo la phulusa (mulingo woyenera wa acidity umawerengedwa kuti ndi 6.6-7.5).
Zidutswa za dothi ziyenera kusakanizika bwino, mutabzala, mulch ndi masamba peat kapena masentimita owola pamtunda wa masentimita 5-7. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kumasula dothi lenileni-patali katatu pa nthawi yakukula 4-7 cm.
Thirani
Ndikofunika kuchita ndikulanda kwa lilac mu theka lachiwonetsero, komabe, ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu, ndibwino kusamutsa kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira. Masika ndi nthawi yophukira sizabwino kwenikweni mwanjira imeneyi, chifukwa mbewu zimayamba kumera bwino m'malo atsopano.
Kuchokera pantchito yokonzekera, ndikayamba kwa chilimwe, kukumba poyambira ndi kuya pafupifupi wofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa matope, ndikudula mizu ndikukula. Kuti tithandizire kukula kwa mizu yachichepere, nthaka yachonde yopanda michere imathiridwa m'dzenje.
Ngati mukufunikira kubzala ma lilac angapo nthawi imodzi kukhala gawo limodzi, ndiye kuti muyenera kukhala nawo mtunda pakati pawo, kutinso, kutengera mitundu / mitundu, koma lingaliro lililonse ndi mtunda wa masentimita 150. Ndiponso, monga podzala, ndibwino kutero lili tsiku lamitambo kapena madzulo.
Zisamba zokhala ndi mizu yokhazikika komanso yabwinobwino yosachepera 25-30 masentimita imasankhidwa kuti ikasungidwe. Musanadzalemo lilac losinthidwa, korona wake uyenera kudulidwa m'magulu awiriawiri a masamba. Kudulira kumathandizanso pamizu, komwe kupweteka ndi kuvulala kuyenera kuthetsedweratu. Khosi la chomera chofesedwa liyenera kugumuka ndi nthaka.
Mutabzala, ndikofunikira kumunyowetsa dothi mokwanira ndikuwubalaza ndi masentimita 5-7. Njira zothandizira posamalira pang'onopang'ono zimachepetsedwa ndikumasulidwa kwa dothi lokwanira masentimita 5-7.
Zomera za Lilac
Feteleza wa nayitrogeni amamugwiritsa ntchito kuyambira chaka cha 2 cha 50-60 magalamu (urea) kapena magalamu 65-80 (ammonium nitrate) anyengo. Ma organic ndi othandiza, mwachitsanzo, kuwotcha pamlingo wa zidebe ziwiri pamtengo / chitsamba, ndipo kuvala kovomerezeka koyenera kwambiri kwa lilacs ndi phulusa, 200 magalamu omwe amatsitsidwa malita 8 a madzi.
Kudulira lilac
Kukongola kwa mawonekedwe ndi kufalikira kwamtundu uliwonse chaka chilichonse kumatheka ndi alimi odziwa ntchito zamaluwa podulira bwino chitsamba. Mpaka lilac itakwanitsa zaka 3, safuna kudulira, pomwe zaka 3-4 amayamba kupanga mafupa a nthambi.
Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, masamba asanayambike kudzuka, nthambi 5-10 zomwe zimakhala zoyenerera malowa zimasankhidwa korona, ndipo zina zotsalazo zimadulidwa. Pali phindu pakudulira mpaka 70% ya maluwa omwe amatuluka kukhala ming'alu - pamenepa, otsalawo ayamba kukulitsa liwiro.
Lilac yaing'ono siyiyenera kusiyidwa nyengo yachisanu osaphimba nayo pafupi ndi thunthu. Masamba a Peat ndi zouma amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophimba (wosanjikiza si wozama kuposa 10 cm).
Kufalitsa kwa Lilac
Kufalikira kwa mitundu yolimba ya lilacs kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu. Kubzala njira nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu kugwa kapena kasupe pambuyo stratization wa miyezi 2 mbewu kutentha boma 2 mpaka 5 ℃.
Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lilacs, kudula kapena kufalitsa pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukula kwa masamba obiriwira kumadalira chinyezi (ofunikira - 95-100%) ndi kutentha (koyenera - 23-25 ℃). Peat ndi mchenga (2: 1) zidzafunika pokonzekera dothi.
Asanabzala, zodulidwa ziyenera kuthandizidwa mu indolylbutyric acid (yankho la 40-50 magalamu 1 lita imodzi ya madzi) tsiku lonse. Kudula koyambirira kwa maluwa kuyenera kukolola koyambirira kwa maluwa, mochedwa - nthawi yamaluwa. Monga mwachizolowezi, izi zimachitika pokonzekera kudulira, nthawi yomweyo kudula nsonga za zimayambira (pamwambapa masamba awiri) ndikudula.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ngati pa masamba a lilac adawoneka zokutira zoyera, ndiye imakanthidwa ndi powdery mildew. Zikatero, masamba amafafaniza kasanu pakachaka mlungu uliwonse ndi fungicides (mosiyanasiyana) strobes (yankho la 20-30 g mu malita 10 a madzi), quadris (6 ml pa voliyumu imodzimodzi), topazi (25/10) ndi topsin m (80/10) .Tetezani matendawa popewa kunyowetsa masamba mukathirira.
Ndi necrosis (amayaka) munthawi yabwino, yonyowa nsonga za achinyamata zimayambira ndipo masamba amawuma, ndi mphukira zakudaZotsatira zake, lilac imakhala ngati yowotchedwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthana ndi izi mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi a Bordeaux ndikubwereza mobwerezabwereza patatha masiku 10-14.
Ngati zichitika masamba opotoza ndi chikaso chake choyambirira, kenako kutembenuka bulauni kenako kugwa kale kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, izi zikuwonetsa mizu yaying'ono poyerekeza ndi korona wakula.
Kuchedwa maluwa a lilac zitha chifukwa cha acidity yokwanira nthaka. Maluso omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa amateteza vutoli, koma ngati sanagwiritsidwe ntchito mutabzala / kuthilira, sikachedwa kwambiri kuti mudzaze dothi ndi phulusa kapena kupanga manyowa owola.
Lilac amasiya mankhwala othandizira ndi contraindication
Palibe anthu ambiri omwe amadziwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe lilac ili nawo. Zinthu zake zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mafuta ofunikira, sinigrin, phenoglycoside, farnesol. Pali mankhwala ambiri omwe ali ndi antipyretic, antimicrobial ndi analgesic zotsatira, kuphatikizapo mankhwala awa.
Mankhwala wowerengeka, masamba, masamba ndi maluwa apeza ntchito. Zotsirizazo zimakololedwa panthawi yamaluwa zisanayambe kupasuka. Zomera zothandizira pakamwa zimasonkhanitsidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo impso zimayenera kusungidwa zitatupa.
Mafuta owuma masamba, madzi ake ndi ufa kuchokera ku impso amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa zovuta za neuralgic, nyamakazi, radiculitis. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera kusakaniza magawo azomera ndi mafuta odzola kapena mafuta 1: 4. Kulowetsedwa kwamaluwa kumathandiza kuthana ndi chifuwa, chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo, komanso kutsokomola.
Tincture wa maluwa a lilac: kapu ya maluwa iyenera kutsanulidwa ndi magalamu 250 amadzi otentha, kusiya kwa ola limodzi, kupsyinjika, ndipo imatha kudyedwa supuni katatu patsiku.
Tincture wa lilac pa vodka / mowa imapereka zotsatira zabwino zamavuto. Chinsinsi cha kukonzekera kwake ndizosavuta - titangotola 100 magalamu a maluwa ndi masamba a lilac, timayiyika m'chiwiya chagalasi chokhala ndi chivindikiro cha 1 lita, kutsanulira mpaka kudzaza ndi mowa kapena vodika, cork ndikuyika mumdima kwa masiku 10. Pambuyo pa nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa, timasefa tincture kudzera pa cheesecloth 4-wosanjikiza.
