Kalico thonje chintz

Kirkazon, kapenaaristolochia (lat. Aristolochia) - mtundu wazitsamba zosatha ndi mitengo yazipatso yamabanja a Kirkazonov (Aristolochiaceae) Ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 350, yotentha, nthawi zambiri m'malo otentha.

Circason Mouth (Aristolochia labiata)

Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical

Mitundu yamtundu wa Kirkazon ndi mbewu zosakhwima za herbaceous yosalala kapena yophukira kapena mphukira zamitengo.

Masamba ndiwosavuta, amtundu, osinthika, m'mitundu yambiri - yowoneka ndi mtima.

Maluwa ndi zygomorphic, omwe amatengedwa m'mafupipafupi a masamba. Corolla nthawi zambiri imakhalapo. Perianth ndi ya tubular, yotukuka pansi, kumapeto kumtunda kwa mitundu yambiri yokhala ndi dzanja lolumikizana ndi malilime. Stamens 3-6, yifupi, yophatikizidwa ndi mzati, ndikupanga otchedwa gynostemia. Maluwa opukutidwa ndi mtanda, stigmas amadzuka pamaso pa anthers, omwe amapewa kudzipukuta.

Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lowuma kapena looneka ngati peyala.

Kufalitsa mbewu za kirkazon, kuyala ndi kudula, izi ndizovuta. Kudula kumachitika mu kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira - kumapeto kwa Seputembala - kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala, kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira zapachaka, ngakhale ndizotheka kuti muzu wokhazikitsidwa mu Julayi - kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Mchenga wosakanizika ndi peat umathiridwa pamiyala yokonzedwa mwapadera mwa 1: 1 ndikuphatikizidwa ndi dothi. Zodulidwa zimadulidwa 20 cm ndikuzibzala mosabisa, kusiya imodzi kapena ziwiri pamtunda, kuthiriridwa mokulira ndi mulch ndi peat.

Momwemonso, kudula kwa masika kumachitika mu Meyi, masamba asanatseguke, koma kuti mupeze mizu bwino ndikofunika kuphimba zodula ndi filimu kapena mitsuko yagalasi. Mizu imapangidwa pambuyo pa masabata atatu, monga momwe imawonera kuchokera kumera, mphukira zikamazolowera kamphepo, ndikukweza pogona. Kubzala mbewu pamalo okhazikika kuli bwino m'dzinja kapena nyengo yamasika.

Mutha kufalitsa kuyala kwa kirkazon, kuwaika masika. Mbewu zabwino zofesedwa poyera kumapeto kwenikweni, mu malo osakhazikika. Chapakatikati, mphukira zachikondi zimawoneka, pamene zimakula, zimayenda pansi pamadzi, zimakula mpaka chaka chimodzi. Pakubzala kwa masika, stratation ndiyofunikira pa kutentha kwa 5-8 ° C.

Zomera zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi tsamba lowuma la masentimita 6-8. Mbeu sizikhala nthawi yabwino nthawi yozizira, nthawi zambiri zimafa pambuyo kumera. Aristolochia anali okoma komanso osamva nthawi yozizira pakati pa Russia. Kuchulukitsa kumakhala kotsika kwambiri m'zaka zoyambirira, ndipo kumawonjezeka kwambiri ndi ukalamba.

Aristolochia alawonda

Njira yopukuta

Kirkazon ndi entomophilous, ndiye kuti, chomera chopukutidwa ndi tizilombo, ma pollinator makamaka ntchentche, kafadala ndi udzudzu.

Njira yopukutira mungu mu mbewuzi ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Mitundu yowoneka bwino ya lilime lokhotakhota imafanana ndi kuvunda kwa nyama; maluwa amitundu yambiri amatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa lomwe limakopa ntchentche. Mkatikati mwa perianth, pamakhala tsitsi lowongoka lomwe limalepheretsa kachilombo komwe kamalowa mu duwa kuti lisakwire mmbuyo, kotero ntchentcheyo imakodwa ndipo, kukwawa posaka njira yotuluka, mungu. Pambuyo popukutira, tsitsilo limafota ndikugwa, ndikutseguka njira, ndipo ma enafewo amatseguka, ndikufinya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambira ku duwa lina ndipo njirayi imabwereranso pamenepo.

M'mitundu ingapo yaku South America, duwa limakonzedwa bwino kwambiri: kuphatikiza msanjowo, uli ndi chipinda chowonjezera, chomwe chimatchedwa "ndende", pomwe ziwalo zoberekera za maluwa zimapezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, makoma a "ndende "yo ali ndi mtundu wopepuka kuposa makoma a msampha, ndipo kachilombo, kothamangira kukuwala, kumakwawa pamenepo. Pambuyo pakuvundukula, m'malo mwake, msamphawo umakhala wopepuka.

Kirkazon arboreal (Aristolochia arborea)

Dera

Mitundu yambiri ya kirkazona imamera madera otentha a America, Africa ndi Asia, ndipo mitundu yochepa yokha ndi yomwe imapezeka m'malo otentha. Ku Russia - mitundu isanu (ya ku Europe, ku North Caucasus ndi Far East).

Kugwiritsa

Mitundu yambiri ya kirkazona ndi yokongoletsa komanso yolima m'mapaki ndi malo obisalamo. Maluwa akuluakulu a Kirkazon otulutsa maluwa akulu (Aristolochia Grandiflora) kufikira 33 cm kutalika ndi 27 cm mulifupi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yayikulu (Aristolochia macrophylla) kukhala ndi masamba ofika mpaka 30 cm ndi maluwa mawonekedwe ngati chitoliro. Dongosolo labwinoAristolochia elegans) adalandira dzina loti "duwa la chintz" losintha bwino maluwa ake.

Dongosolo lalikulu la leaved (Aristolochia macrophylla) pamtengo

Mitundu ina ya kirkazon (mwachitsanzo, kirkazon lomonosovidny (Aristolochia clematitis)) ndizomera zamankhwala. M'mabukuwa muli umboni wosonyeza kuti mitundu ina ya ku South America (makamaka Kirkazon njoka-ngati ()Aristolochia Snacharia) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala akumwa monga mankhwala ochiritsa njoka.

Madzi, mowa ndi zina zotulutsidwa kuchokera kumasamba ndi ma rhizomes zimakhala ndi protistocidal komanso antimicrobial. Aristolokhin ali ndi poizoni wocheperako, amawonjezera mphamvu ya mtima, amachepetsa mitsempha ya magazi, amachepetsa pang'ono kupuma, ali ndi diuretic ndi choleretic, amachepetsa mamvekedwe ndi mphamvu ya chiberekero cha uterine. Odwala mu gawo loyamba la matenda oopsa, amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Mankhwala a Chibugariya, muzu ndi gawo la chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Muzu mu mawonekedwe a decoction ang'onoang'ono Mlingo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati diuretic, diaphoretic mu malungo ndi atony m'matumbo (mu mawonekedwe a tincture). Mu mawonekedwe a decoction monga kunja kwa zithupsa ndi matenda ena amkati mwanjira yopaka, kutsuka.

Mu mankhwala wowerengeka azitsamba, kulowetsedwa kwa madzi, kutsika ndi kulowetsedwa kwa masamba ndi ma rhizomes amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kukomoka, chifuwa chachikulu cham'mimba, chifuwa, gout ndi scurvy, komanso zochizira mabala, zilonda zam'mimba komanso matenda amkhungu. Ufa wopaka ndi vinyo amakhala ndi mankhwala ofewetsa thukuta.

Komabe, chifukwa cha kawopsedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuchokera pachomera ichi kuyenera kuyikidwa ndi dokotala.

Muyeneranso kudziwa kuti kuyambira 2008 kulowa mu gawo la Russia, kupanga ndi kugulitsa zowonjezera zomwe zimagwira, kuphatikizapo kirkazon, zaletsedwa.

Manchurian circason (Aristolochia manshuriensis) ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri ndipo walembedwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation. Misonkho yake yopanga mankhwala ndi yochepa ndipo imayang'aniridwa ndikuyang'anira ntchito za anthu.