Blackcurrant ndi tsamba lodziwika bwino kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa. Pazitengera kanthawi pang'ono kuti muchilime, koma zina mwa izi nzofunikira kungodziwa. Kukula kwathunthu kwachikhalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola zimatengera izi.
Zipatso za currant zimawonedwa ngati zopatsa thanzi, zokhala ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana komanso zinthu zambiri zofunika m'thupi la munthu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pafupifupi onse wamaluwa amalima zitsamba zobiriwira pa ziwembu zawo. Zipatso zimatha kudyedwa mwatsopano, mazira, zouma. Amatha kusungidwa, kupangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo timadziti kapena ma compotes, omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati zodzaza ma pie komanso ngati chokongoletsera cha makeke, omwe amawonjezeranso mabulosi ndi ma jellies, kupaka mafuta ophika komanso kupanga vinyo.
Blackcurrant ndi ya banja la a Kryzhovnikov ndipo ndi mbewu yosatha yomwe imatha kubzala mbewu zambiri komanso zapamwamba kwa zaka 10-15. Kwa moyo wautali choncho, chikhalidwe chimafuna chisamaliro chapamwamba komanso malo omasuka akamakula. Chitsamba chimakhala ndi nthambi za mibadwo yosiyana, zomwe zimakhala pamalo osiyanasiyana. Kapangidwe kamtundu wamtunduwu kumathandizira kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yopanga zipatso.
Kubzala ndi kukula wakuda currants
Kusankha mbande
Muyenera kuyamba ndikusankha zinthu zofunikira kwambiri kubzala. Kukula kwathunthu kwachikhalidwe komanso mtundu wa zipatso zimatengera kusankha uku. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa aluso amalimbikitsa kugula mbande zazing'ono zakuda mumagulu azaka zapadera. Nthawi zambiri, mbande zotere zimayamba kubereka zipatso nthawi yotsatira chilimwe mutabzala.
Kusankha malo okhalitsa
Zitsamba zokhotakhota zimakonda dothi lonyowa, motero zimatha kukula pang'ono, pomwe chinyezi chimatenga nthawi yayitali. Madera obzala zipatso za mabulosi azikhala ndi dothi lonyowa, koma osapangidwa dala ndi kamphepo kabwinoko.
Nthawi ndi tsiku lobwera
Kubala kumachitika mu nthawi yophukira kapena masika, kutengera nyengo ya m'derali. M'madera otentha, ndikofunikira kubzala mbande nthawi yakugwa. Adzakhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu musanayambe chisanu ndipo nthawi yotentha ikubwera.
M'madera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira, kubzala masika ndikofunikira. Ndikofunikira kubzala currant mpaka pomwe masamba oyamba atayamba kuphuka.
Kukonza dzenje
Kuti mudziwe kutukula kwathunthu kwachikhalidwecho komanso kuti muzisamalira zitsamba, maenje obzala azikhala patali la 1.5-2 m kuchokera mzake ndipo pafupi zomwezo ayenera kusiyidwa pakati pa mizere. Mukabzala patali kwambiri, pamakhala mwina kuchepa kwa zokolola ndikuwonongeka kwamakhalidwe abwino a chipatsocho.
Mu maenje akufikira ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 60 cm ndikuzama masentimita 45-50, muyenera kutsanulira osakaniza okonzeka kale - feteleza. Muli potaziyamu mankhwala enaake (50 g), superphosphate (100 g) ndi humus ndi nthaka (1 chidebe chachikulu). Kuyambira pamwambapa, podyetsa, muyenera kuthira dothi la masentimita khumi, lomwe lidzateteze mizu ya mbande zachinyamata kuti zisaume.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Ngati chovala chapamwamba cha mbande, chinanso chosakanikacho chimatha kuthiridwa m'maenje obzala. Muli phulusa lamatabwa (mamililita 250), magawo awiri ofanana padziko lapansi ndi humus.
Njira yofikira
Ndikofunikira kuyika mbande za currant mu dzenje osati vertically, koma pang'onopang'ono ndikuyenda mozama pafupifupi 5-6 cm.
Momwe mungasamalire mbande zazing'ono
Mukangobzala, ndikofunikira kuthirira ndikuthinthira dothi ndi humus kapena mchenga wamtsinje pang'ono. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuchita woyamba komanso wofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwina ndikukula kwa impso pa mbande. Masamba 4-5 okha ayenera kutsalira pa mphukira iliyonse, ena onse amachotsedwa.
Malamulo a Shrub Care
Kuthirira
Kuchuluka kwa kuthirira komanso kuzungulira kumadalira zinthu zambiri: nyengo ndi nyengo, kapangidwe ndi chinyezi cha dothi m'deralo, komanso paziwonetsero zachitukuko cha mbewu. Kuthirira kwambiri ndikofunikira kuti blackcurrant nthawi yogwira mphukira, panthawi yopanga thumba losunga mazira, pamtunda wokucha zipatso mutatha kukolola. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti zitsamba zamadzi ndizambiri mu miyezi youma ya chilimwe komanso madera omwe kuli kouma komanso kotentha komanso mvula yochepa.
Kuchepetsa nthaka
Lamulo lofunika lakusamalidwa kwa blackcurrant liyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi, kuyambira koyambirira kwa nyengo yamasika mpaka nthawi yophukira kamodzi pamwezi. Kumasulira kumachitika osaya.
Kudulira
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse mphukira yofooka komanso yopanda bwino mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala (mu miyezi ya masika) ndi mphukira zowonjezera mchaka chachitatu mutabzala mbande. Mukadulira kachitatu, nthambi zokhazokha zolimba zomwe sizikhala zosaposa zisanu ziyenera kutsalira pachitsamba. Nyengo iliyonse ikubwerayi, njirayi ndiyofunika pokhapokha poyeretsa komanso kupangitsanso chikhalidwe. Kudulira kumachitika impso zisanatseguke. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchotse mphukira zazing'ono, komanso zowonongeka, zowuma komanso zachiwiri.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Blackcurrant ndi mbewu ya mabulosi yomwe imakonda kuchita matenda ndi tizirombo. Wosamalira mundawo ayenera kuchita zinthu zodzitchinjiriza munthawi yake, komanso kuti asaphonye nthawi yomwe mawonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena matenda ndikuchotsa mbewuzo kwa iwo.
Tizilombo tambiri ta currant ndi mite ya impso ndi vitreous, komanso matenda omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi - kuyera kwamaso, anthracnose ndi dzimbiri.
Nkhupakupa ndi tizilombo tosakhazikika mkati mwa impso ndikudya zomwe zapezeka mmunda osachisiya. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira ndi maliseche. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa bwino amatenga mawonekedwe a currant Mafunso ndi kukula ndi impso. Kalekale asanawululidwe, imachulukana kukula, zomwe ndi chitsimikizo cha kupezeka kwa tizilombo. Chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chikufunika kuchitidwa ndikuchotsa masamba onsewo, ndikuwaza zitsamba zakuda (zonse popanda kupatula) ndi mayankho apadera. 10% yankho la malathion, komanso adyo kapena kulowetsedwa kwa fodya, itha kupirira bwino tizilombo.
Kukhalapo kwa galasi la currant kutha kuwona ndi kuchepa kwa maluwa pa mphukira payekha. Ayenera kuchotsedwa kale kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndipo zitsamba zonse zimayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa kapena kulowetsedwa ndi chowawa.
Kuwona malo oyera kungawononge masamba okha, komanso kumafalikira kwa zipatso. Njira yothira ndi sulfate yamkuwa, yomwe yothiridwa mafuta ndi mbewu zonse, itithandizira kupulumutsa mbewuzo. Zizindikiro za nthendayi ndi mawanga a bulauni (pafupifupi masentimita 2-3), omwe pang'onopang'ono amakhala oyera pakatikati pawo.
Anthracnose ndi matenda a tsamba gawo la currant tchire. Mawanga ang'onoang'ono - ma tubercles okhala ndi bulauni amatha kusokoneza masamba ambiri nthawi yayifupi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ufe ndi yankho lochokera ku mkuwa wa sulfate, osati mabulosi a matenda okha, koma minda yonse ya currant, komanso madera a dothi pafupi nawo.
Dzimbiri lazambiri nthawi zambiri limawonekera pafupi ndi currant sedge m'deralo. Matenda a fungal amatha kuthana ndi kuchotsa masamba omwe ali ndi kachilombo omwe amafunika kuwotcha ndikuchiritsa mbewu ndi fungicides.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, blackcurrant imakula kwa zaka zambiri ndikubweretsa zipatso zambiri zokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi.
