Monga lamulo, rasipiberi samayambitsa zovuta kwa wamaluwa ndipo ndi mabulosi ambiri osasamala, komabe amafunikira chisamaliro. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, chomwe chimatanthawuza chidziwitso cha momwe mungatherere rasipiberi molondola mu kasupe kapena mutatha kubereka, simungangopereka chokhazikika, komanso kuwonjezera icho kangapo. Kodi ndibwino kuti muchepetse tchire liti, ndipo muyenera kuganizira chiyani posankha njira inayake?
Kuonetsetsa kukula ndi kufalikira kwa raspberries, kudulira koyambirira kumayenera kuchitika mutabzala mbande, zomwe ziyenera kufupikitsidwa mpaka 50. Onse poyambira komanso mtsogolo kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi chida chapadera - secateurs.
Pamakhala kudulira rasipiberi mu kasupe
Kudulira rasipiberi nthawi ya masika kuyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa nyengoyo chisanu chisasungunuke mpaka nthaka itatenthetsedwa. Kusankhidwa kwa mwezi podulira (Marichi-Epulo) zimatengera nyengo yomwe rasipiberi amakhala wamkulu. Kusankha njira yopangira masipuni odulira, muyenera kuganizira za mawonekedwe ndi mitundu, monga, kuchuluka kwa zipatso munthawi yake (imodzi kapena zingapo).
Kudulira mitengo imodzi
Ndondomeko ikuchitika motere:
- Kuchotsa nthambi zofooka, zodwala komanso zouma zodulira masamba. Pamaso pa zimayambira mazira, amafupikitsidwira impso wathanzi;
- Kutula kwa mphukira zapachaka mpaka 5-8 pach chitsamba chilichonse. Pamene kudulira kwamasamba kwa raspberries kumachitika pa tchire lomwe limakula ndi njira ya trellis, malo opanda ufulu a masentimita 10-15 amasiyidwa pakati pa mphukira;
- Zoyambira zotsalazo zimafupikitsidwa ndi kotala, kuti pamapeto pake kutalika kwake kuli 120-150 cm.
Ndi kudulira kwamtunduwu, kuwunikira kwathunthu kwamtchire kumaperekedwa, kuwoneka kwa tizirombo ndi matenda ndizopewedwa. Komanso, kukula kwa mphukira zotsalira kumachepetsa, chifukwa chomwe masamba ofananira nawo amayamba kukhazikika.
Poganizira za momwe mungathere kudulira zipatso mwachangu mu kasupe, ziyenera kudziwika njira yomwe raspulosi wamba amabala zipatso nthawi yayitali. Kuchepetsa kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo awa:
- Mphukira zonse zimagawika m'magulu anayi;
- oyamba amafupikitsidwa ndi masentimita 10-15 (adzabala zipatso kumayambiriro kwa nyengo);
- mphukira zotsatirazi zidula 20-30 cm;
- mphukira za gawo lachitatu zimadulidwa pakati;
- zitsamba zotsala zimadulidwa pafupifupi kukhala chitsa, kusiya masentimita atatu (adzamaliza kupanga zipatso).
Pamakhala kudulira rasipiberi m'thaka
Ngati mulibe nthawi yodulira raspberries nyengo yamaluwa isanayambe, muyenera kuzolowera momwe mungadulire mitengo ya rasiponiyi nthawi yachisanu. Ndondomeko ziyenera kuchitika pasanathe milungu ingapo pamaso pa kuzizira wamphamvu. Asanadulire, tchire zimasunthidwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizire kuti mphukira zichotsedwe ndipo zimayambira kukolola chaka chamawa.
Kudulira rasipiberi nthawi yachisanu kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa mphukira zotsatirazi:
- Tizilombo touluka, tizirombo ndi matenda;
- Mphukira zachinyamata zosakwanira bwino zomwe zimatha kupitirira;
- Mphukira zazaka ziwiri zomwe zakhala zikupanga mbewu kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi kuti zisasokoneze kuperewera kwa michere yaying'ono;
- Wosweka ndikuwombera kwambiri komwe kumakulitsa chitsamba kwambiri.
Kudulira rasipiberi m'dzinja la mphukirazi kumachitika popanda kusiya zitsa pamunsi. Mukapanga tchire, mtunda waulere wosachepera 60 cm, ndikudula zina zowonjezera ndi fosholo (kubweza 20 cm kuchokera ku chitsamba chachikulu, rasipiberi amakumbidwa mozungulira mozungulira, kenako ndikulimidwa kunja kwa bwalo).
Kudulira rasipiberi nthawi yachisanu kumathandizira kuti raspulosi azikula kwambiri, ndiye kuti mphukira pafupifupi 10 ziyenera kusiyidwa pa mita imodzi. Nthawi yomweyo, raspberries wokonza amadula, kudula mphukira iliyonse mpaka 10 cm.
Imakhala ndi masamba odulira malinga ndi Sobolev
Masiku ano, njira yodziwika kwambiri yodulira masamba a rasipiberi ndi kudulira rasipiberi malinga ndi Sobolev, yemwe adatchulidwa ndi wolima dimba wa ku Russia, yemwe ndiye woyambitsa kupanga rasipiberi. Njirayi imadziwika ndi kuphatikiza kosavuta komanso ntchito yabwino, ngakhale olima osadziwa zambiri amatha kuchita kudulira kwapamwamba.
Malinga ndi ukadaulo wa masamba odulira pang'ono, mapangidwe a tchire amachitika nthawi ya masika komanso nthawi yophukira. Tsiku loyamba la kudulira lachedwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni, pomwe minyewa yaying'ono imafikira masentimita 80-100, kutengera mtundu wa rasipiberi. Pambuyo pake, kudulira ndikosafunikira kwambiri, popeza mphukira sizikhala ndi nthawi yopeza mphamvu ndipo chifukwa chake sizimatha kuzizira nyengo yozizira. Pakadali pano, nsonga za zomenyazo ndizomata, zochotsa 15 cm.
Mukadulira, chitsamba chake sichimakula msanga, popeza nthambi zamtsogolo zimayamba kukula. Patangotha masiku angapo mutadulira, zophukira zoyambirira zikuwonekera kale m'machimo am'mwamba, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira, m'malo mwa kuwombera kamodzi, phesi lamphamvu limapangidwa ndi kuphukira kasanu mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi, kutalika kulikonse kwa 50 cm. Palibe zochitika zodulira zomwe zikuchitika chaka chino.
Mphukira yotsatira, masamba oyamba akayamba kuphukira, amapitilira gawo lina la maudzu a zipatso. Njirayi imakhala ndikufupikitsa mphukira zomwe zidapulumuka bwino nthawi yozizira ndi masentimita 10-15. Izi zimachitika kuti nthambi zambiri zatsopano zimapangidwa pamtengo waukulu, zomwe zimachulukitsa kawiri zipatso zisanayambe.
Malinga ndi Sobolev, chinsinsi chothandiza pakuwongolera kawiri ndikukhazikitsa koyenera kwa gawo lachiwiri. Kutengera malamulowo, zotsatira zake zimaposa zoyembekezera zonse - m'malo mwake zimangoyang'ana zokha, chitsamba cha chaka chachiwiri chimasanduka mphukira yokutidwa ndi maluwa, masamba, thumba losunga mazira ndi zipatso zakupsa, pomwe zipatso zimatha pokhapokha ndi nyengo yozizira.
Kuchepetsa rasipiberi molingana ndi Sobolev kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kukhala ndi rasipiberi kuchokera kwa raspberries wamba, kukulitsa zipatso za rasipiberi.
Pamodzi ndi zabwino zodulira kawiri, palinso zovuta. Tikulankhula za kugwirira kwambiri tchire tambiri, timene timayambitsa kukula kwambiri kwa rasipiberi. Zotsatira zake, mpweya wabwino wa mphukira umakulirakulira, kupindika kwake kumakulirakulira, chifukwa chomwe kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda kumakhala. Ngati simuchita zinthu moyenera, mutha kutaya mbewu zokha, komanso tchire lomwe.
Popewa mavuto otere pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodulira kawiri, mtunda pakati pa tchire la rasipiberi uyenera kukula mpaka mita ziwiri, ndipo tchire lomwe lili moyandikana mzere wina lizichotsedwa mita imodzi.
Kuchuluka kwa mphukira pachitsamba chimodzi sikuyenera kupitirira 10. Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera zipatso za rasipiberi, kudulira kawiri kwa rasipiberi kungachitike ndi kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa chiwerengero cha zimayambira ndi mphukira za zipatso. Poyamba, mwa 10, 8 atsala, atatha - 6, ndipo pomaliza - 4 mphukira wachinyamata.
