Imodzi mwa mphatso zamtengo wapatali kwambiri komanso zosangalatsa za nkhalangoyi imadziwika kuti ndi bowa woyera. Kodi mukudziwa kuti ndi bowa wamatumbo? Zawo zamkati komanso zowonda, mwina zotsekemera kwambiri pakati pa nthumwi zina zaufumu wa bowa ndipo ndizothandiza kwambiri komanso zopatsa thanzi. Mfumu yoyera ya bowa siiliyonse pamtunduwu, kuphatikiza apo pali zofanizira za tubular, komanso ngakhale poyizoni. Tilankhule mwatsatanetsatane za momwe bowa wa tubular ndiomwe ali.
Bowa wamtunduwu umadziwika ndi mtundu wa mitengo: pafupifupi bowa aliyense amakula pansi pa mtengo wake.
Makhalidwe ndi magawidwe a bowa wamatumbo
Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa bowa wamatumbo: kumbuyo kwa zipewa zawo kuli timitengo ting'onoting'ono tating'ono, tomwe timayima pafupi ndi inzake, machubu, chifukwa mnofu wa chipewa umakhala ngati chinkhupule. Mawonekedwe a chipewa pawokha samakhala otetemera - nthawi zonse chimakhala chokhazikika, chocheperako, kutengera mtundu wake.
Kapangidwe kachilendo ka kapu kamathandizo chifukwa kamatenga chinyezi chambiri, chomwe chiyenera kulingaliridwa pakuphika.
Pakati pa bowa wa tubular, mitundu yambiri imakhala yophika, yophika, yowotedwa ndi yokazinga. Amasunganso kukoma kwawo ngati maonekedwe owuma, koma popeza mtunduwo suwasungidwa nthawi zonse ukamaluma, zakudya zoterezi nthawi zambiri zimagawika m'magulu awiri osiyana:
- Choyera, momwe thupi limakhalabe lopepuka ngakhale likauma. Amakhala ndi bowa wambiri, ndi bowa wa porcini (omwe adatchedwa dzina).
- Chakuda - ma bowa ena onse a tubular, zamkati zouma zomwe zimayamba kuda.
Kutola bowa wowoneka bwino, ndibwino kusiya zikhalidwe zakale kuthengo: zimakhala ndi michere yochepa, ndipo pokonzekera kutentha, mnofu wa chipewa mu mitundu yambiri umakhala wonyezimira.
Nthawi yomweyo, pakati pa bowa wa ma tubular pamakhala zopanda vuto, zovomerezeka mwazomwe zimakhala ndi thupi lowawa. Ngakhale bowa wapoizoni adafika, koma zambiri pambuyo pake.
Zotchuka zotchuka
Chimodzi mwa bowa zotchuka kwambiri zamaonekedwe abwino kwambiri ndi:
- Bowa (bowa wa porcini). Amakula m'mabanja ang'onoang'ono makamaka pansi pa conifers kapena mabatani, kutengera izi, mtundu wa chipewa ukusintha kuchokera ku imvi zakuda kukhala zofiirira zakuda. Siponji yokha yomwe ili pansi pa chipewa imakhalanso yosiyana, mwa mitundu ina imakhala yoyera, mwa ina imakhala ndi utoto wachikasu. Mwendo wozunguliridwa ndi mbiya ndi wakuda komanso wopanda mnofu. Kuguza ndi wopepuka, kumatulutsa kafungo kabwino.
- Gulugufe. Anthu okhala m'nkhalango za paini, amakonda kukuza mabanja. Zovala zamtundu wakuda zofiirira zimaphimbidwa ndi khungu la mucous kwambiri. Mwendo ukhoza kukhala wopepuka kapena wamdima, komanso wamapangidwe. Siponji nthawi zambiri imakhala yachikasu.
- Ma Felida. Bowa wawung'ono umamera pamiyala yamchenga. Chipewa chimakhala chakuda chakasu kapena chamtundu wobiriwira, thupi lachikasu limasanduka lamtambo likasweka. Mwendo wake ndi wonenepa.
- Brown boletus. Amakula pakati pa mizu ya mabanja a birch. Zovala zowoneka ngati nyemba zapadziko lapansi ndizopepuka poyamba, koma kenako zimayamba zofiirira. Mwendo umayera loyera, wokutidwa ndi mamba omera imvi. Kuguza kwake ndikopepuka, koma kumadetseka pambuyo pomauma.
- Boletus. Bowa wamanyama amakula, motero, pansi paensens. Chipewa cha convex chimafanana ndi mtundu wa masamba a yophukira, lalanje. Mwendo ndiwokwera, ukukulira pansi, wokutidwa ndi mamba wakuda. Siponji ndi imvi, thupi litayamba kusweka limayamba kukhala lamtambo, kenako pafupi kuda.
- Bowa wachipolishi. Imamera pakati pa mitengo ya payini yogwa pa dothi lonyowa. Chipewa ndi chofiirira chakuda, chokhala ndi chinkhupule choyera ndi chachikaso pansi pake. Mendo wake ndiwokwezeka, wowonda, wowala bwino komanso wopanda mawonekedwe. Mukadulidwa, mnofu wowala umasandulika kukhala wabuluu, kenako kukhala wa bulauni, womwe umasiyanitsa bowa wa ku Poland ndi loyera.
- Duboviki. Amamera m'nkhalango za oak komanso linden. Zovala zazikulu zokhala ndi mainchesi ofikira mpaka 20 cm zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulauni, khungu limakhala losalala poyamba, limakhala ndi kunyezimira kokulirapo ndi zaka. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi bowa wachikasu, zachikulire, lalanje - lalanje. Mwendo wachikasu ndiwokwera kwambiri, mpaka 12 cm, wandiweyani, wokutidwa ndi mauna ofiira. Ikalumikizana ndi mpweya, thupi lake lachikasu limasinthidwa kukhala lamtambo.
Asayansi ena amati mitengo ya thundu imatha kukhala mitundu yosakhwima, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake zamkaka zosaphika kumayambitsa zizindikiro za poizoni. Komabe, mitengo yazithunzithunzi yophika bwino simusakoma kuposa bowa, ndipo ndiyabwino.
Chenjezo, chiopsezo - chakupha cha tubular bodza wabodza
Tinthu tating'ono tomwe titha kuyipitsa munthu ndi bowa wa satana. Iye sanawadalire konse mwangozi, chifukwa kunja ali wofanana ndi boletus weniweni, chifukwa chomwe osaka bowa amutcha: "boletus abodza".
Chipewa chake chili ngati mawonekedwe a chikopa, chokhala ndi khungu losalala lotuwa, pang'ono pang'ono. Mwendo wowonda umafanana ndi mbiya, pamwamba ndi lalanje komanso pang'ono kukoka. Pakatikati pa mwendo wa bowa wam'mapapo wakakongoletsedwe amakongoletsedwa ndi ukonde wofiyira, ndikuyandikira pansi kukhala utoto.
Mutha kusiyanitsa boletus yabodza kuchokera ku yeniyeni ndi mnofu wabuluu patatha mawonekedwe, omwe amasandulika ofiira. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lamkati la mwendo limakhala ndi mauna ofiira owala bwino.
Tubular Wosaoneka
Bowa wambiri wa tubular ndi omwe kunja ndi chithumwa chokha, koma ndi chosayenera chakudya chifukwa chamkati wowawa. Ena mwa iwo ndiwosavuta kuzindikira chifukwa cha fungo lawo losasangalatsa, komabe, si aliyense ali nalo.
Bowa wodziwika bwino kwambiri wa tubular ndi awa:
- Bowa wa tsabola (amakhalanso oiler kapena peppermint). Nthawi zambiri amapanga mycosis ndi mitengo yolimba (birch). Chakunja chofanana ndi mafuta abwinobwino oyenera, koma chosanjikiza chimapakidwa utoto wonyezimira (ofiira). Convex chipewa chokhala dzimbiri, wokutidwa ndi khungu louma pang'ono. Mwendo wa mtundu womwewo, koma pansi wopepuka, wachikasu. Bowa wa tsabola ali ndi dzina chifukwa cha chidwi ndi chidwi chamkati. Chifukwa cha izi, amaonedwa ngati osasintha. Komabe, ma gourati ena amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ngati zokometsera (m'malo mwa tsabola).
- Bowa wothira (aka zowawa). Ili ndi chipewa chofiyira cha utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi khungu lowuma la matte, mawonekedwe ake ndi oyera, umakhala ndi pinki m'mawu akale. Mwendo wachikasu umakongoletsedwa ndi mauna a bulauni, ndipo umatembenuka pinki pamtengowo, womwe umasiyanitsa ndi mpiru ndi bowa wa porcini, momwe amafanana.
- Kachilomboka wa Porphyry birch. Chipewa chakudakwachi chimakhala choyambirira, kenako chimawongola, chofiirira cha maolivi, chophimbidwa ndi khungu labwino. Mwendo wandiweyani wapakidwa utoto womwewo, pakati umakhuthala. Siponji mwa bowa wachichepere ndi imvi, ndipo imayamba bulauni. Pa nthawi yopuma, maguwa oyera amasandulika ofiira, amakhala owawa ndipo amanunkhira koyipa. Komabe, ena ophika bowa amati atachira kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali, bowa umatha kudyedwa.
- Mitundu Ya Trog. Imodzi mwa mitundu ya bowa wa tinder, imamera pamtengo wakufa wa mitengo yolimba momwe imakulira. Utali wolimba womwe umapangidwa ndi ma pores akuluakulu umakhala cork. Mphepete mwa chipewacho ndi ochepa thupi, ndipo pamwamba pake amaphimbidwa ndi khungu lolimba mu mawonekedwe a bristles, utoto wa imvi. Zamkati ndizopepuka komanso zolimba kwambiri, popanda kulawa, chifukwa chake sizigwiritsidwa ntchito mu chakudya.
Kufunika kwa bowa wamatumbo sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Ngakhale pali mitundu ina yomwe siyimasiyana, mu bowa wamkati wokhala ndi nyama yokhala ndi zipewa zakuda ndi zina mwa mphatso zabwino kwambiri komanso zopatsa thanzi za m'nkhalango. Kupita ku chakudya chamadzulo cha zakudya zamalonda, yang'anani mosamala pansi pa mitengo ndikuonetsetsa kuti muyika bowa wanu zingapo.
