Chomera chobiriwira chotsika, pamunsi pamasamba omwe ana aang'ono amaponderezedwa pang'ono - makope a mayi, ofanana ndi nkhuku pansi pa mapiko a nkhuku. Chomera chidatchedwa anthu "Nkhuku ndi nkhuku" kapena tolmya (tolmeya). Ndikuganiza kuti ndidziwe chomera chokongoletsera chosiririka cha banja la Saxifrage pafupi.
Tolmia Menzies (lat.Tolmiea menziesii). Tolmiya Menzes.
Zachilengedwe
Mwa mtundu wa mbewu, tolmium ndiyokwera pansi. Chomera chofanana ndi chitsamba chomera mwachangu ndi kapeti wobiriwira, chimakwirira nkhokwe zam'minda. Mu chilengedwe, chimawonedwanso ngati chomanga dothi.
Kugulitsa kwakukulu kwa tolma kunali madera a North America, komwe ndi kwawo. Tolmiya ndi chomera chobiriwira chobiriwira chotalika 15-50 masentimita. Tchire lofananira silidutsa mainchesi 40 cm. Rosette ya masamba obiriwira, obiriwira pang'ono kapena opindika pang'ono amapezeka pang'onopang'ono. Masamba ofunda pamitengo yayitali yokhala ndi malo obiriwira amdima obiriwira, maupangiri oboola komanso odulidwa pamtima, pansi, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lofewa, ndiwowoneka modabwitsa. Ma ntchentche inflorescence mpaka 50cm wamtali wokhala ndi maluwa ochepa owoneka bwino a kirimu ndi maluwa otumbululuka a violet samayimira mtengo wokongoletsa ndipo nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti asasokoneze chitsamba chokongoletsera. Mitengo yaying'ono yamasamba angapo okhala ndi mphukira zazitali (ngati sitiroberi) imapindika, ndipo akakumana ndi gawo lapansi, amamera chifukwa cha mizu yachikale yomwe ikula mwachangu. Chifukwa cha kuthekera uku, tolmya imakulidwa mkatimo ngati chomera cha ampel.
Duwa la Tolmia Menzies.
Tolmiya Menzes wamaluwa wamkati
M'banja la Saxifragidae, mtundu Tolmiya umayimiriridwa ndi mitundu iwiri, yomwe, yofanana ndi kunja kwathunthu, imasiyana pakapangidwe kazira. Mtundu umodzi wa "Menzies diploid tolmya" umalima m'nyumba yamaluwa, uli ndi mayina angapo omwe amagwirizana ndi njira yoyambira yophunzitsira ana kubiriwira - "Amayi nkhuku ndi nkhuku," "Wachinyamata mu ukalamba," "Amayi chikwi." Chachiwiri dzina la botanical ndi nkhalango ya Chistets.
Tolmiya Menzies amatchedwa rarity muchomera chomera. Imakhala ndi chozizwitsa chimodzi chodabwitsa. Mwinanso chomera chokhacho, chikakula pang'onopang'ono (poto, chidebe chaching'ono), chimayamba kubereka ana pachomera chokhacho chokhacho pomwe malo onse osungirako mumphika momwe mbatayo imakuliridwira ndi mizu, palibe dothi. Masamba akale amafa, ndikukhala gawo lapansi la mbewu zazing'ono. Pansi pazachilengedwe, tolma imachulukana ndi mizu yokwawa, ndikupanga masamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira okhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino 5-5 cm. Tchire lakale pang'onopang'ono limafa.
Tolmiya Menzies.
Zambiri za Tolmiya Care
Kuwala ndi kutentha
Mwachilengedwe, tolma imakhala moyo wake wonse pansi pa nkhalango. Chifukwa chake, safunikira kuwunikira kowala ndi dzuwa lotentha, koma salola kulekerera ndipo nthawi zonse amafunikira mpweya wabwino wokhala ndi chinyezi. Mu chikhalidwe chachipinda, chimayikidwa bwino pazenera zakumpoto. Mukakhala m'malo owunikira kwambiri, chomera chimafuna mthunzi wosasunthika, womwe umatha kupangidwa ndi gridi yokhala ndi maselo apakati kapena kugwedezeka ndi filimu yachipatala. Amakana kuzizira komanso kukonzekera. Kutentha kokwanira kwa mpweya kumachokera ku + 12- + 20 * С, ndipo nthawi yozizira panthawi yopumula kutentha kwa mpweya kumatha kuchepetsedwa kukhala + 10 * С.
Kufunika kwadothi
Dothi la m'nkhalangozi limakhala lopepuka, limakhala ndi michere yokwanira yotulutsa zinyalala za m'nkhalango. Chifukwa chake, kukulira Tolmiya kunyumba, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nthaka yokhala pafupi ndi chilengedwe.
Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi dothi zosakaniza ziyenera kukhala ndi magawo awiri a nthaka yamasamba ndi mchenga wowuma, kuti kuwonjezera mphamvu ya chinyezi ndi mtengo wathanzi, gawo limodzi la humus, sod ndi peat nthaka zimawonjezeredwa.
Pobzala, sankhani miphika yakuya, onetsetsani kuti mwapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuthira 1/4 ndi zotayira kuchokera kumabudula, dongo lokwera ndi mchenga wopota. Zomera zobzalidwa ndi transshipment, popeza mizu imakhala ndi mizu yambiri, yolimba molimba ndi dothi.
Tolmiya Menzies.
Ubale ndi chinyezi
Kuti "nkhuku za amayi" zizimva kukhala kwawo, makonzedwe achilengedwe, ambiri nthawi yachilimwe ndikusungunuka pang'ono nthawi yachisanu nthawi yopuma ndiyofunikira. Monga pansi pa mtengo wankhalango wam'madzi, pamafunika chilimwe chambiri m'chilimwe. Mutha kuyipanga m'nyumba mozungulira chomeracho pokhapokha pokhapokha ndi dothi kapena moss mu poto. Madzi, akuwuluka kuchokera pamwamba pa chinyowa, amakhala akung'ung'udza mlengalenga. Pomwe ikuma, madzi amawonjezerapo poto.
Zomera zimathiridwa ndi madzi opanda chlorine wopanda kutentha. Kutsirira kumachitika kuchokera kuthilira ndi mphuno yopyapyala m'mphepete mwa mphika, mosamala kuti madzi asagwere pamasamba a tolmya. Madontho amadzi okhala ndi calcium yambiri yomwe imagwera masamba a pubescent amatha kuwuma ndi malo oyera oyera kapena kuwapangitsa kuti avunde. Dothi lonyowa liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse (koma osalowerera m'madzi owonjezera). 2-3 kawiri pamwezi mbewu zafumbi zimatsukidwa ndi kusamba, popeza munaphimba dothi mumphika ndi filimu.
Feteleza Tolmiya
M'chilimwe, kukula bwino kwa masamba, tolma imafunikira kuchuluka kwa michere, yomwe imapangidwa ndikuyambitsa michere ya michere ndi organic. Mu nthawi yachilimwe yogwira, tolma imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wathunthu wa mineral pambuyo masiku 18-20. Mutha kupanga nitroammophoska (osapitirira 5-6 g) kapena osakaniza apadera pazokongoletsa-zokhazikika pazomera musanaze kuthirira. Kudyetsa kumachitika ndi feteleza wama mineral mu mawonekedwe olimba kapena amadzimadzi. Ma feteleza olimba amamwazika mosamala asanathiridwe, ndipo feteleza wamadzimadzi amasungunuka m'madzi othirira 10 g / 10 l yamadzi. Yophukira ndi nthawi yachisanu siziphatikiza Tolmiya.
Tolmiya Menzies, mayina odziwika: Amayi nkhuku ndi nkhuku, Achinyamata mu ukalamba, Amayi chikwi.
Njira za kubereka kwa tolmya
Mukukula kokumba, tolmya imafalitsidwa ndi ana kapena ana ndi mbali za nthangala. Kubelekedwa ndi mbewu ndikosatheka, chifukwa mbewu za mayi sizimafalikira, makamaka mitundu ndi mitundu ya mitundu.
Kubalana ana
Ana amatha kufalitsa Tolmiya popanda kudzipatula kuchokera kwa chomera kapena polekanitsa chomera ndi gawo la tsamba. Poyambirira, pepala lomwe lakhazikitsidwa lakhodzalo limasindikizidwa kapena kukanikizidwa ndikuthira pansi. Pamalo olumikizana ndi dothi, mizu ya embryonic ya kalozera kakang'ono imayamba kukula mwamphamvu. Chomera chokhazikitsidwa chimasiyanitsidwa ndi amayi ndikuwabzala mu chiwiya china.
Munjira yachiwiri, tsamba limadulidwa ndi gawo la petiole (masentimita 2-3) pamunsi pa tsamba lomwe mwana wakhanda adayamba kukulira. Konzani chidebe (mphika kapena chidebe) momwe mumathira chisakanizo cha mchenga wa peat ndi coarse. Petiole adayikidwa m'manda pansi kuti tsamba limasamba bwino. Tangiyo imayikidwa mumithunzi ndikupanga malo obiriwira pophimba ndi filimu. M'chipinda chinyezi chokhala ndi dothi lonyowa nthawi zonse, phesi limazika mizu iwiri kapena itatu. Pambuyo pa miyezi 1.0-1,5, mbewu zazing'ono zingabzalidwe mumiphika zosiyana masentimita 6-8
Kufalikira kwa masamba obiriwira
Dulani tsamba ndi gawo la petiole. Petiole ndi m'munsi mwa tsamba limakanikizidwa mu dothi lonyowa. Zina zili ngati kubereka ana. Mukazika mizu, tsamba louma limachotsedwa, ndipo chomera chachingacho chimasinthidwa kwamuyaya.
Kufalitsa kwa Rhizome
Kubala kwamtunduwu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poika chomera cha munthu wamkulu. Rhizome mutachotsa chomera mu thankiyo yakale, yenderani. Chotsani mizu yonse yodwala, yopindika. Rhizome imadulidwa m'magawo angapo. Mabala otseguka owazidwa ndi malasha kapena ufa wa sulufule ndi Delenki wobzalidwa mumbale zatsopano.
Tolmiya Menzies.
Tolmiya pokongoletsa chipinda
Pokongoletsa nyumba komanso malo ena gwiritsani ntchito masamba obiriwira tolma Menzies ndi masamba ake, komanso mitundu ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kukongola kwamkati mwamkati mchipindacho kumawonekera bwino atakulidwa mumphika wamphika mu mawonekedwe a mbewu zokulirapo. Chomera chamitundu yambiri chokhala ndi masamba a mibadwo yosiyana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yobiriwira kapena madontho agolide mu mawonekedwe ndi maluwa okongola amapanga kukoma kwapadera pakona yopumulira kapena yosungirako.
Tolmia imapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera. Masamba okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yokongoletsedwa ndi mawanga achikasu ofanana ndi dzuwa, ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri. Mitundu yotchuka ya variegate ya Tolmus Gold Tuffia Golide kapena Tuffa Golide, ndi Varulata Maculata ndizomera zokongola kwambiri. Koma monga mitundu yonse yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, amakhala amisala. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ya masamba obiriwira pakuwonjezera chidwi chinyezi, kuthamanga kwa nthaka, komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Mu nyengo yozizira amafunika kutentha kwapakatikati +15 - + 17 * С. Kuti musataye kukongoletsa, mitundu yonse ya zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana (komanso masamba obiriwira) imafunikira kumuika pachaka, ndipo zaka zisanu zilizonse ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi mbewu zatsopano.
Tolmiya Menzies.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tolmia imawonongeka ndi kangaude, ma mebubu, tizilombo tambiri ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Njira zodzitchinjira ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo sizovomerezeka kunyumba. Chifukwa chake, mbewu ziyenera kuyang'anidwa mwadongosolo ndipo pakawoneka masamba oyera pamtunda wamasamba achikasu (kangaude), kansalu yoyera pa petioles (mealybug) kapena zodera zofiirira (nkhanu), gwiritsani ntchito mbewuzo pokonzekera Vertimek, Iskra-bio, Fitoverm ndi ena. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kuchotsedwa ndi sopo yankho la ufa wosambitsa wa ana. Musanayambe kukonza, pangani mayeso ofanana (kuwaza ma sheet a 1-2 ndikufufuza momwe angachitire). Tolmiya kwenikweni samadwala. Kuwonongeka kwa masamba kumalumikizidwa ndi madzi kulowa tsamba. Mphepo yowuma kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri kumatha kubweretsa kufa kwa chomera.
