M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za duwa la poinsettia kapena nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi, momwe tingasamalire bwino, momwe ingapangitsire Christmas.
Poinsettia ndi maluwa amkati, osatha amene amapereka mtundu wowala mu Disembala.
M'madera aku America ndi ku Europe, pomwe Khrisimasi ili holide yayikulu, maluwa otulutsa zipatso achisangalalo patsiku lomaliza chikondwererochi ndioyenera.
Poinsetia amatchedwa nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi kapena Betelehemu.
Tilankhule kwambiri pankhani yosamalira duwa lanyumba kuti chaka chilichonse Khrisimasi lisanachitike, musangalale ndi pachimake.
Kulongosola Kwa Poinsettia
Poinsettia (Chilatini - Poinsettia) ndi mbewu ya mtundu wa Euphorbia banja la Euphorbiaceae. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Latin kuti: Euphorbia pulcherrima - Kanthu kakang'ono.
Maluwa adayamba kupezeka m'malo otentha akum'mwera kwa Mexico, kenako ku America. Mtumiki waku Mexico Poinsett, yemwe adaphunzira kwambiri za maluwa, adadabwa ndi mawonekedwe a mtengo wodabwitsawu ndipo adayamba kuukula mu udzu wobiriwira wake.
Pomupatsa ulemu, mbewuyo idatchedwa dzina.
M'zaka za m'ma 1800, Euphorbia idapita ku America, komwe idalimidwa bwino.
Pambuyo pazaka ziwiri, Star of Bethlehem idakulidwa kale ku gawo laku Europe, pomwe idatchuka monga gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukondwerera Khrisimasi.
M'dziko lathu, mkati mwa Chaka Chatsopano, duwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwa, kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20.
Kunyumba, izi sizimakula kupitilira 300-400 mm.
Broker amatha kufika 100-150 mm, m'lifupi - 60-80 mm, kukula kwa peduncle 200-300 mm.
M'mitundu yamtchire, ma bracts amakhala ofiira kwambiri. Bulact ofiira, yomwe ili pamtunda wamtambo wobiriwira, iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri.
Lero mutha kugula mitundu ina.
Obereketsa anasankha mitundu ya poinsetia.
Mitundu ya haibridi ikhoza kukhala ndi briche:
- pinki;
- oyera zonona;
- maroon;
- chikasu.
Palinso mitundu yamitundu iwiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Momwe mungasamalire bwino?
Kusamalira chikhalidwe cha maluwa ndikophweka.
Otsala amapereka uphungu, pakutsatira zomwe zingatheke kuti mukule chomera cholimba, wathanzi:
- Malo ndi kuwala. Nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi imakula bwino m'kuwala kowala koma kosalala. Miphika iyenera kuyikidwa pazenera lakumadzulo kapena lakummawa, koma osati pawindo, koma patebulo kapena alumali pang'ono pang'ono, popeza dzuwa lowongoka silikuyenera masamba. M'nyengo yotentha, ndikofunikira kuti mutengere mbewu kunja, kokha kumadera omwe kuli mthunzi, ndipo palibe zojambula, mpweya komanso mphepo. Duwa silimalola dzuwa mwachindunji. M'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kuti masamba ochokera pansi asakhudze galasi lozizira la zenera. Simungathe kuyika mbewu patsogolo pa zenera lotseguka - kuzizira ndi kusanja kudzawononga poinsettia. Kuti mupeze kuwala kwathunthu nyengo yachisanu nyengo yozizira, maola 6-8 ndi okwanira kumera. Koma, m'malo omwe amakhala ndi maola ochepa kwambiri masana, osakwana maola 6 patsiku, kuwunikira kowonjezereka kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti maluwa agwiritse ntchito phytolamp kapena kuwala kwa masana. Ngati mungakonze zowonjezera. kuyatsa mbewu mu Januware, zidzawonjezera nthawi ya utoto wake.
- Mitundu yotentha. Duwa lakunyumba limamera bwino pakupanga kutentha kwa 20-25C. Kutentha kwambiri kumatha kusokoneza kapangidwe ka peduncle. Komabe, nthawi yozizira, nthawi yamtundu, muyenera kusunga kutentha kutentha kuphatikiza 18-20C. Ngati chipindacho chili chochepera 15C, duwa lanyumba litha kufota. Ndikofunika kuti musaiwale izi mukamayatsa chipinda nthawi yozizira. Poinsettia sangalekerere zokonzekera, kusintha kwa kutentha kumawononga chifukwa chake. Chifukwa chake, maluwa sayenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi mabatire kapena windows windows.
- Kuyambitsa. Monga mbewu zonse zakunja, nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi imakonda chinyezi. Makamaka, chinyezi chimayenera kukhala chokwanira chilimwe, mukakhala kutentha m'chipindacho komanso mumsewu, komanso masiku achisanu, pomwe ma radiator amatenthetsa kwambiri. Ndikwabwino kupopera mpweya kuzungulira miphika yamaluwa ndi madzi ofunda tsiku lililonse, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madonthowo asagwere masamba, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa madontho. Munthawi yopanda bata, kutha kwa dzinja, kuyamba kwa nyengo ya masika, simungathe kupopera mbewu, ndipo kuyambira Epulo, pakamera mphukira, muyenera kupopera. Mutha kukulitsa chinyezi mchipindacho mwa kuyika mphika wa maluwa mu thireyi ndi miyala yonyowa. Chidebe chamadzi chakuya choyikidwa pafupi ndi maluwa ndi thaulo lonyowa pa batri chingathandizenso.
- Kuthirira. Kuthirira mu nyengo zonse kupatula nthawi yozizira kuyenera kuchitika mwadongosolo ndi madzi osayenda firiji. Ndikofunika kuti madzi adzaze dothi lonse mu thankiyo. Madzi ochulukirapo kuchokera pachakumwa ayenera kuthiridwa pambuyo pa mphindi 20. mutatha kuthirira. Nthawi ina mukadzadzithirira madzi kale kuposa momwe nthaka idayambira kale kuthirira. Komabe, dothi lomwe lili mumphika suyenera kuwuma, mbewuyo imagwa. Ngati zikuwoneka kuti masambawo afota, ndikofunikira kuthirira duwa pang'ono. Ndipo kenako kumatsirira kale monga mwachizolowezi - mwina gawo pakati pa kuthirira linali lalikulu kwambiri, kapena chipindacho chinali chotentha kwambiri komanso chouma mlengalenga. M'chilimwe, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zambiri, koma simuyenera kuchulukitsa kuti madzi asadzabwezeretsere mumphika. Munthawi ya utoto, nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kuthilira ndi madzi ofunda, kutentha kwake komwe kuli 2-3C kuposa kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipindacho. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo idzagwa.
- Dziko lapansi ndi mphika. Chomera chimakula mumphika kwa zaka 2-3, kotero mphamvuyo siyenera kukhala yaying'ono, yopapatiza, koma yayikulu mokwanira. Kwa nyenyezi ya Khrisimasi, chisakanizo chambiri chamtundu wanthaka, dothi lamchenga, chisakanizo cha mchenga m'miyeso yomweyo ndiloyenera. Acidity ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi ndale. Chidebe chokulirapo chiyenera kusankhidwa kuti nkhonya mwa iye izikula kwa zaka zosachepera ziwiri, chimodzimodzi kutalika ndi mulifupi. Mumphika wokulirapo, madzi amatha kusayenda, ndipo ndikathirira pafupipafupi komanso ngalande zochepa, mizu imatha kuyamba kuvunda.
- Feteleza. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika, kumapeto kwa nthawi ya bata, kapena masiku 30 mutasinthira kumtunda watsopano. Zabwino kudyetsa kamodzi m'masiku 21. Ndikofunikira kuyika nyimbo zovuta za mchere m'migawo kapena madzi azinthu zam'nyumba. Kotero mpaka isanayambike yophukira. Pokonzekera mtundu, kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, mutha kudyetsa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Munthawi ya utoto ndipo itatha, pa nthawi yokumata, sikofunikira kuthira manyowa.
- Kugulitsa. Thirakiti imachitika kamodzi pakadutsa zaka 2-3 zilizonse, kumapeto kwa Epulo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikizira mtanda wa dziko lapansi, womwe umaposa masentimita 3. Drainage imakonzedwa pansi, mwachitsanzo, miyala yamatope, kenako imadzaza pansi. Chakudya chokhala ndi chomera chimapangidwa pakatikati pamphika, ndikofunikira kuti musafalikire kapena kuvulaza mizu yosalimba. Ngati mizu yakufa, iyenera kupetedwa ndi pruner yoyera. Dulani mfundo zimaphikidwa ndi kaboni yoyambitsa. Pambuyo pake, ndikofunikira kudzaza mphika wonse ndi dothi kuti pasapezeke kanthu, kuti mizu yonse ili pansi, koma malo okwanira kuthirira. Mutabzala, muyenera kuthira duwa bwino.
Kuwona malamulo a chisamaliro, kudzakhala kukula bwino kwamaluwa azomera.
Maluwa poinsetia
Momwe mungapangire pachimake pa chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano:
- M'masiku oyambilira a nyundo, muyenera kuyang'ana duwa. Siyani mphukira zolimba, komanso zopanda thanzi - chotsani.
- Kuti mupangidwe kwathunthu masamba, poinsettias, maola ochepa masana adzafunika, osaposa maola 10. Osachepera maola 14, chomera chiyenera kuyima pamalo amdima kuti mapangidwe apamwamba azikhala ndi masamba.
- Maola ochepa masana ayenera kuchitika kwa masiku 45-60. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi woyamba wa yophukira mpaka masiku a Disembala, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mthunzi wongochita, mwachitsanzo, kuyambira 18-00 maawa madzulo mpaka 8-00 koloko m'mawa kuti mumalize ndi paketi yakuda. Ngati izi sizichitika, duwa limangokhala masamba wamba, osati mabulangete.
- Munthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kutentha kwa boma kuphatikiza 18-20C. Izi ndizofunikira pakapangidwe ka masamba ndikuwala kwa ma broker amtsogolo.
- Ngati mukukonzekera nyengo yachisanu yozizira yobereka, amatha kupuma, kuchira komanso kupereka bwino maluwa chaka chamawa.
Kutsatira malamulo onse omwe ali pamwambapa, mudzatha kukulitsa nyenyezi ya Betelehemu pachikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano.
Komabe, ngati palibe ukufalikira chaka chino, ndiye kuti simuyenera kukhumudwa, maluwa adzachitika, ndipo mutadziwa zambiri, mutha kuyang'anira.
