Turnip

Zomera zamasamba zamitundu mitundu (Brassica rapa subsp. Rapifera), yemwe amatchedwanso feed turnip, ndi membala wa banja la Kabichi kapena Cruciferous. Chomerachi ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana ya rutabaga, yomwe simapezeka mwachilengedwe. Chikhalidwe ichi chimafalitsidwa kwambiri ku Germany, USA, Denmark, Canada ndi Australia. Chomera choterocho chimalimidwa mwaluso kuti chidyetse ziweto. Kuyambira pa Bronze Age, muzu wa chomera chotere udagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafuko aku Scandinavia ngati chakudya, womwe umakhala wofunikira mtengo komanso mkate, pokhapokha mbatata zitawonekera, mpiru wamtunduwu udagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mbewu yachakudya. Turnip idalimidwa kale ku Old World: ku Roma, Egypt ndi Greece, komanso kumwera kwa Europe komanso Afghanistan yamakono.

Kufotokozera mwachidule kukula

Kufesa. Kuti mugwiritse ntchitoapamwamba mu chakudya m'chilimwe, imabzalidwa m'masiku omaliza a Epulo, komanso posungira nyengo yozizira muzaka khumi zoyambirira za Julayi. Kubzala mbewu za mbande kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, pomwe mbewuzo zimadzazidwa ndi dothi lotseguka theka lotsatira la Meyi.
Kupepuka. Tsambali liyenera kuwoneka bwino.
Dothi. Sodomu-podzolic peat bog kapena loam yokhala ndi pH ya 5.0-6.5 ndi yoyenera kulimidwa.
Kuthirira. Kuthirira tchire kuyenera kukhala kambiri 1 kapena 2 m'masiku 7, pomwe malita 5 mpaka 6 amamwa pa 1 lalikulu mita ya mundawo.
Feteleza. Tikamamera pa dothi losauka, mbewuyo imadyetsedwa kawiri panthawi yake, kuti mugwiritse ntchito yankho la mullein (1:10) kapena zitosi za mbalame (1:20). Mu Juni kapena Julayi, njira yothira michere imasakanikirana ndi superphosphate;
Kuswana. Njira yopanga (mbewu).
Tizilombo zovulaza. Yophika kabichi ndipo ntchentche zamera, ntchentche zamtundu wavy ndimtanda, njenjete za kabichi, nsabwe za m'masamba, nsikidzi ndi maluwa kafadala.
Matenda. Aliyense, nsalu, zokongola, mwendo wakuda ndi bacteriosis yam'mimba.

Mawonekedwe a Turnip

M'chaka choyamba cha kukula, mpiru ndi tsamba lampangidwe zimapangidwa mu mpiru, pomwe chaka chachiwiri, maluwa ndi mbewu zimawonekera tchire. Mumitundu ya saladi, masamba a masamba ndi osalala, ndipo mitundu ya zakudya nthawi zina amakhala pubescent. Zomera zokhala ndi mawonekedwe, ozungulira, mulitali, komanso ozungulika, amatha kujambulidwa ndi zoyera, zachikaso ndi zofiirira kapena mumtundu wina wazithunzi zoterezi zimatha kuphatikizidwa. Ma cystic inflorescence amaphatikizidwa ndi maluwa achikasu, maluwa akutuluka mchaka chachiwiri cha kukula. Chipatsocho ndi poto wamtambo, mkati mwake mumakhala mbewu za mtundu wofiirira kapena wakuda. Chomera choterechi chimawonedwa kuti ndi wachibale mwa mbewu zotsatirazi: turnip, rutabaga, radish, radish, daikon, mpiru, horseradish ndi mitundu yonse ya kabichi. Mpaka pano, pali mitundu yayikulu ya tebulo mitundu ya turnip.

Kukula kotembenukira kwa mbewu

Kufesa

Kukula kotembenukira patsamba lanu ndikosavuta. Mu nthawi yamasika, mbewu zimafesedwa panthaka m'masiku omaliza a Epulo kapena masiku oyamba a Meyi, komanso nthawi yotentha m'masiku khumi oyambirira a Julayi. Kufesa mpiru mbewu za mbande kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Mbewu za mbewu zotere ndizochepa kwambiri, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiziphatikiza ndi mchenga wowuma (1:10) musanafese. Kubzala kumachitika m'miphika za peat, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimakutidwa ndi mchenga wocheperako, womwe makulidwe ake amayenera kukhala 10 mpaka 15 mm. Mbewu zimatsitsidwa kuchokera ku sipuni yomwazika bwino, pomwe zomata pamwamba zimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi, kenako zimatsukidwa m'malo otentha.

Turnip mmera kulima

Mbewu zikaoneka, zamphamvu kwambiri ziyenera kusiyidwa mumtsuko, pomwe zochuluka ziyenera kumanikizidwa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwatulutse, chifukwa muzu wazomera zomwe zatulutsidwa zitha kuvulala chifukwa cha izi. Muyenera kusamalira mbande za chikhalidwe chotere monga mbande za rutabaga, turnip kapena radish.

Kutola mbande

Zonse zomwe zimakhomera pamtanda zimasokoneza kwambiri kutola, potengera izi, miphika imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa zipatso, potengera kupewa kufalikira kwa mbewu.

Mpiru kubzala lotseguka nthaka

Nthawi yobzala

Mbande yoyipayo imayilidwa panthaka itatha nyengo yachilimwe ikadzabweranso masana. Nthawi ino, monga lamulo, imagwera theka lachiwiri la Meyi. Chapakati pake, mbande zimabzalidwa pabedi pokhapokha nyengo yanyengo ikalowa.

Turnip ndichikhalidwe chokonda chinyontho, chifukwa chake pakufikira ndikofunikira kusankha malo owoneka bwino kapena ometa pang'ono omwe amapezeka kumtunda. Omwe amakhazikitsa mbewuyi ndi ma beets, sitiroberi, nyengo yachisanu ndi masika komanso mbewu za herbaceous zapachaka. Kudera lomwe nthumwi za banja la Cruciferous lidalimapo kale, sizotheka kale kuposa zaka zinayi.

Dothi labwino

Dothi monga sod-podzolic peat bog kapena loam ndi loyenereradi kuchikhalidwe choterocho, ndipo pH iyenera kukhala pakati pa 5.0 ndi 6.5. Kukonzekera kwa dothi kuyenera kuchitika m'dzinja, kuyenera kukumbidwa mpaka mainchesi 20 mpaka 25, pomwe 1.5 tbsp uyenera kuwonjezeredwamo. Nitrofoski kapena 1 tbsp. phulusa la nkhuni ndi 1/3 la ndowa ya zowola manyowa pa 1 mita imodzi ya malo. Manyowa atsopano sangathe kubweretsedwanso m'nthaka, chifukwa cha izi, mnofu wa muzuwo sutha kukoma ndipo umakhala wakuda, ndipo ming'aluyo imawonekera.

Malamulo oyambika poyera

Konzani maenje akufikira, pomwe mtunda pakati pawo uzikhala 20 mpaka 30 cm, ndipo mtunda pakati pa mizere uzikhala wa 40 mpaka 60 sentimita. Mbande musanadzalemo zimayenera kuthiriridwa. Kenako chomera chomwe chili ndi dothi lapansi chimachotsedwa mosamala ndikuchotsa dzenje ndikuikiramo. Bowo liyenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi, ndiye kuti limayenda bwino kukazungulira mbewu ndikuthilira madzi ambiri. Ngati miphika ya peat idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ibzale mbande, ndiye kuti imabzalidwa mwachindunji mu dothi lotseguka. Madziwo atakwiririka pansi, nthaka yake iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mulch (peat).

Kufika nyengo yozizira

Nthawi zina mbewu za Turnip zimafesedwa nthawi yozizira, koma mbande sizibzalidwe m'dzinja.

Turnip Care

Mukamakulitsa mtunda wotseguka, muyenera kuusamalira monga rutabaga kapena mpiru. Zomerazi zimafunikira kuthirira mwadongosolo, kudula, kuphatikiza ndi kumasula nthaka.

Dothi lamtunda limasulidwa ndikuzama 80 mm, pomwe likuchotsa udzu wonse. Njirayi imalimbikitsidwa pakagwa mvula kapena kuthirira. Asanamasule pansi pa bedi kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze ndi wosanjikiza wa mpiru kapena phulusa lamatabwa, izi zimawopseza chingwe chopachikika.

Ngati kufesa mbewu kumachitika mwachisawawa, ndiye kuti mbande zitakula masamba awiri kapena atatu, adzafunika kupatulira.

Kuthirira

Kuti mpiru wolipika mu dothi lotseguka uzipambana, uyenera kuthiriridwa munthawi yake, chifukwa chifukwa cha kuchepa, kukoma kwa mizu kumakhala kowawa. Mukathirira madzi tchire kwambiri, ndiye kuti mizu yake imadzakhala madzi. Kuthirira mbewu ngati imeneyi kuyenera kukhala zochulukirapo, ndikuyesera kuonetsetsa kuti madziwo sakufafaniza dothi kuchokera kumtunda kwa muzu, chifukwa chifukwa cha izi imayamba kusanduka yobiriwira, ndipo phindu lake la zakudya limatsitsidwa. Pomwe mphukira zazing'ono mukathirira pa lalikulu mita imodzi ya chiwembucho chimatengedwa kuchokera pa malita 5 mpaka 6, ndipo mbewu zokhala mizu zitayamba kupanga, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumatsitsidwa mpaka malita atatu a madzi. Pafupipafupi, ma turnips amathiridwa kamodzi kapena kawiri m'masiku 7, pomwe nyengo imakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kuthirira.

Feteleza

Zabzyala panthaka yosaoneka bwino, mbewu zotere zimayenera kudyetsedwa kawiri pa nyengo, chifukwa zimagwiritsa ntchito feteleza: yankho la kuthothoka (1:10) kapena zitosi za nkhuku (1:20). Mu Juni kapena Julayi, superphosphate iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho la michere, izi zithandizira shuga mu mizu. Chikhalidwe chotere chimayankha bwino pakudya kowonjezereka ndi mkuwa, manganese ndi boron. Njira yothetsera michereyo iyenera kuthiridwa ndi dothi lonyowa, ndipo ikakakamira pansi, nthaka yake iyenera kumasulidwa. Ngati chikhalidwechi chakula munthaka yaz michere, momwe feteleza zonse zayikidwa, ndiye kuti mpiru siofunika kudyetsedwa.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda

Monga nthumwi zonse za banja la Cruciferous turnip, matenda otsatirawa angakhudze: keel, nsalu, mosaic, mwendo wakuda ndi bacteriosis ya mtima. Choopsa chachikulu pa mbewu choterechi chimayimiriridwa ndi mphukira ya masika ndi ntchentche kabichi, komanso nthomba yopakika ndi yavy, kabichi aphid, ognevka ndi nsikidzi, nsikidzi zolusa ndi kachilomboka. Zizindikiro za matenda atembenuzidwe ndizofanana ndendende ndi daikon, turnips, rutabaga ndi ena oimira banja la Cruciferous.

Kukonza

Pofuna kuchiritsa tchire matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, ayenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la kukonzekera kwa fungicidal: Quadris, Fundazole, Fitosporin kapena wothandizila wina yemwe ali ndi vuto lofananalo. Tchire lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi zojambulazo silingathe kuchiritsidwa, motero likuyenera kuchotsedwa pansi mwachangu ndikuwonongeka. Kuti tichotsere utitiri, tchire liyenera kusefukira ndi phulusa lamatabwa. Nthawi yomweyo, tizirombo toyambitsa matenda amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha tizilombo tina, mwachitsanzo: Aktaru, Actellik, ndi zina zotere. .

Mphatso kukonza ndi kusunga

Kutalika kwa nthawi yochepetsetsa kuyambira nthawi yofesa mbewu ndi pafupifupi milungu 24. Mzuwo ukayamba kukhwima mwaluso, masamba otsika m'masamba amatembenuka chikasu, kufota ndikufota. Ngati kufesa mbewu kumachitika mchaka, ndiye kuti zokolola zimachitika kuyambira masiku omaliza a June akamakhwima. Izi mbewu za muzu sizisungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Zomera zomwe zimasungidwa nthawi yozizira, kutengera mitundu, zimakumbidwa mu Seputembala kapena Okutobala. Kumbukirani kuti sayenera kuzizira, chifukwa kutentha kwa madigiri 6 kumakhala kozungulira ndipo amasungidwa kwambiri.

Pakukolola, tchire liyenera kutulutsidwa kaye kapena kuwonongeka. Kuchokera pamizu yazomera, ndikofunikira kuchotsa zatsalira ndikudula nsonga kwa iwo, pomwe kutalika kwa magawo otsalawo kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi 20 mm. Masamba amafunika kuyikika pansi pa denga kuti ome. Zomera zokhazokha zokha, zathunthu komanso zowuma zimatha kusungidwa, ndipo siziyenera kuvulazidwa kapena kukhudzidwa ndi tizilombo kapena matenda oyipa.

Kusunga mpiru, muyenera kusankha chipinda chozizira bwino (kuchokera 0 mpaka 2 madigiri), pomwe chinyezi cha mpweya chiyenera kukhala kuchokera 85 mpaka 90 peresenti, mbewu za muzu ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi mozikika ndi matabwa. Ngati mukufuna, ngalande yakuya pafupifupi masentimita 100 itha kupangidwira kulowera kum'mwera kupita kumpoto, mbewu zoyambira zimayikidwamo, kenako nkuphimbidwa ndi peat kapena dothi louma, ndikuphimbidwa ndi chinyontho chotsimikizira kuchokera pamwamba.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya mpiru

Mitundu yonse yazipiru imagawidwa yoyera ndi yachikasu. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mizu yokhala ndi thupi loyera kumaphatikiza zochuluka zamagetsi poyerekeza ndi mitundu ya chikasu cha nyama, yomwe ilinso ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Komabe, mitundu yokhala ndi thupi loyera imabala zipatso zambiri.

Mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri ya nyama yachikasu

Long Bortfeld. Nsonga zamtunduwu ndizopanda bwino. Masamba otukuka obiriwira amakhala obiriwira. Mbeu yachikasu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe, imamizidwa munthaka kokha only gawo. Kuuchotsa ndi kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa kudzutsa mizu. Wanyama wachikasu wa sing'anga juiciness ali ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Chifinishi-Bortfeld. Pamtunda amapakidwa utoto wobiriwira, pomwe masamba a petiolate amawukitsidwa. Zomera zakuda zimamizidwa m'nthaka ndi ½ gawo, ndizovuta kuzikula pansi, popeza zimakhala ndi mizu yambiri. Amkaka wamkati ndi wachikasu amadziwika ndi kutulutsa kosavuta.
Greystone. Mabasi amakhala ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba pamwamba. Masamba achikasu kapena obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi petioles zachikasu. Muzu wozungulira umayatsidwa kuchokera pamwamba; umagawika pansi. Gawo lomwe limakhala pamwamba pa dothi ndi kansalu kobiriwira, pomwe m'munsi mumakhala chikaso. Mizu yamizu yocheperako ndiyochepa, pankhaniyi, ikhoza kutulutsidwa mosavuta pansi. Mitundu yake ndi yotseka chakudya cham'madzi; thupi lake lachikasu sililawa pang'ono komanso limakoma pang'ono.
Mutu wofiirira. Nsonga za tchire zimakwiriridwa. Mtundu wa masamba omwe akwezedwa ndiwobiriwira kwambiri, ndipo masamba awo ndi ofiirira. Mawonekedwe a muzu wobalidwa bwino, mbali yake yakumtunda ndi yakuda, ndipo mbali yakumaso ndi yachikaso. Amachotsedwa mosavuta padziko lapansi. Thupi lakachepera pang'ono limakhala lokoma.
Tankard wachikasu. Nsonga za tchire zimapangidwa bwino, ma masamba osanja-okhwima ndi penti wobiriwira, ngati awo petioles. Mbali yakumwamba ya muzu wotalikirapo ndi wobiriwira, ndipo pansi pake ndi wachikasu, pamwamba pake pali mizu yambiri. Zomera zomwe zimayikidwa m'nthaka ndi ½ gawo, mogwirizana ndi izi ndizovuta kuzikula. Pulogalamu yamdima komanso yowutsa mudyo imakhala yokoma kwambiri.

Mitundu yotchuka ya mpiru ndi thupi loyera

Ostersundom (Ostersundom). Nsonga zamtchire sizinapangidwe bwino, ma masamba opanda masamba owoneka bwino ndi obiriwira, ndipo petioles yawo ndi yofiirira. Mbali kumtunda ya muzu wamtambo ndi wofiirira, ndipo pansi ndi loyera. Iwokedwa m'nthaka ndi ½ gawo la kutalika, mizu yambiri pamtunda wake; motere, ndizovuta kuzikula m'nthaka. Kukoma kwa zamkati woyera ndi pakati komanso kuwawa pang'ono.
Sabata isanu ndi umodzi. Nsonga za tchire sizinapangidwe bwino, masamba okongola obiriwira okhala ndi masamba okhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Muzu wokhotakhota pang'ono wokhala ndi mbewa yabwino umakhala ndi thambo loyera komanso mtengo wobiriwira. Iwokedwa m'nthaka ndi ¼ gawo ndipo ili ndi mizu yocheperako, kotero ndikosavuta kuyichotsa mu dothi. Amkaka woyera wamkati umasiyanitsidwa ndi kutalika kwambiri.
Norfolk White Round. Nsonga za tchire zimapangidwa bwino, masamba owala amtundu wobiriwira amakhala ndi petioles. Mbewu yozunguliridwa imazunguliridwa pamwamba ndi pansipa, imakhala yofiirira, pomwe gawo lake lotsika limakhala lalikulupo. Zomera zomwe zimayikidwa m'nthaka zimangokhala gawo limodzi / 1, 5, mogwirizana ndi izi, ndizosavuta kuyichotsa pansi. Amkaka ndi oyera zamkati ndi chokoma.
Wotizungulira mutu. Nsonga za tchire zimapangidwa, mbale zamtambo zokhala ndi petioles zofiirira. Mawonekedwe a mizu imakulitsidwa bwino, pomwe mbali yake yakuda ndi yofiirira ndipo m'munsi mumayera. Iwokedwa mu gawo 1/3, pomwe ikhoza kutulutsidwa pansi. Zokoma zamkati zimakhala ndi juiciness wapakatikati.
Mpira Woyera. Zosiyanasiyana zidawonekera posachedwa, mawonekedwe a mizu yozungulira ndi yozungulira, adakwiriridwa m'nthaka ndi ½ gawo. Pamwamba pamizu yamizu ndi yofiirira, ndipo gawo lakelo ndi loyera. Zamkati zamadzimadzi zimakhala ndi mtundu woyera.

Katundu wa Turnip: kuvulaza ndi kupindula

Zothandiza katundu wa mpiru

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhala muzu wazipiru, zomwe zimakhudza thupi la munthu, ndizac acid, mafuta ofunikira ndi ma flavonoids.Masamba oterewa ndi chakudya chamafuta, chimathandiza kuyeretsa matumbo a poizoni, kuthetsa kudzimbidwa, kusintha njira zama metabolic, kusintha chilimbikitso ndi kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Masamba oterewa amakhala ndi antibacterial, omwe amakhala ndi phindu pamatumbo am'mimba, thupi limachotsa ma parasites, ndipo njira yogaya chakudya imapanganso bwino.

Turnip imadziwikanso ndi anti-yotupa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda am'mapapo, matenda amkamwa ndi pakhosi, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha zotsatira za kuyembekezera, kuyeretsa kwam'mapapo zamatumbo nthawi ya bronchitis. Mafuta ofunikira omwe amapanga ndiwo zamasamba amathandizira kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka magazi ndikuyeretsa magazi a cholesterol, pomwe chitsulo ndi mkuwa zomwe zimakhalamo zimadzaza magazi ndi hemoglobin, kupewa kutulutsa magazi. Ndipo muzu womwe umathandizira kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi, womwe umateteza kutaya kwa elasticity ndi kuvala kwamitsempha yamagazi, komanso chifukwa chakulemera kwambiri kumatayika. Ndipo mankhwala a potaziyamu omwe amapezeka mu mpiru amayeretsa thupi la madzi owonjezera ndi mchere wa sodium, ndipo izi zimathandiza pamikhalidwe yamafupa, genitourinary system ndi mtima. Zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi phytocomptures, zomwe ndi prophylactic motsutsana ndi khansa, zimapangitsa mphamvu ya antioxidant yoteteza thupi.

Contraindication

Mtengo uwu suyenera kuphatikizidwa m'zakudya zanu kwa anthu omwe achulukitsa matenda am'mimba, chifukwa amakhala ndi CHIWANGWERE CHOKUCHITSA, chomwe chimayambitsa kukwiya kwambiri kwa nembanemba yamkati yamkati.