Anthurium ndi maluwa osatha komanso obala osawoneka bwino ochokera ku America. Kukulitsa pakhomo ndizovuta, popeza duwa limakhala lofunikira kwambiri pazomwe zimamangidwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo limayankha ngakhale pazosokoneza pang'ono mwanjira yamoyo. Chizindikiro choyamba cha anthurium kumva kuti samasangalatsa ndikuwonekera kwa kupendekera pamasamba akuluakulu. Vutoli ndilofala kwambiri, ndipo pali zifukwa zingapo zosiyanitsira masamba. Kuzidziwa, mutha kuchita zinthu mwachangu kuti muteteze mbewuyo.
Kuthilira kuphwanya
Chifukwa ichi chimadziwika kwambiri pakati pa okonda mbewu zamkati. Komanso, ndikofunikira kwambiri osachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi kuchuluka kwake, monga kapangidwe ndi mtundu wa madzi othirira. Osathirira duwa ndi madzi apampopi omwe amatulutsidwa kuchokera pa mpopi nthawi yomweyo musanatsirire. Iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi citric acid kapena viniga ndikuloledwa kuyima pang'ono. Asidi owonjezeredwa (ochepa) sayenera kulawa. Njira yabwino ndi mvula kapena kusungunuka madzi akumwa. Kuphatikizikaku sikuyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zovulaza (mwachitsanzo, laimu kapena chlorine).
Kutentha kwamadzi kumathandizanso. Anthurium imafunikira madzi kuchokera kutentha kwa 18 mpaka 24 degrees.
Kuthirira pafupipafupi kumadalira pakauma nthaka m'nthaka yamaluwa. Maluwa atangotulutsanso madzi, nthawi yomweyo ndikofunikira kuthirira mbewu. Chinyezi chochulukirapo sichiyenera kuloledwa, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa gawo la mizu kuwola chifukwa chanyontho chowonjezereka. Maonekedwe a kuvunda pamizu amatha kutsimikiza ndi masamba achikasu a anthurium. Ngati zinthu sizinatenge nthawi, mbewuyo imfa posachedwa.
Njira yodalirika yopulumutsidwira pamenepa ndiye kuti ndikusintha kwanyumba mwachangu ndikusakaniza dothi latsopano. Poika mbewu, ndikofunikira kutsuka bwino muzu, kudula mbali zonse zodwala, ndikumawaza malo omwe amacheka ndi makala adalipo.
Mudzafunikiranso mphika watsopano wamaluwa, voliyumu yomwe imayenera kukhala ndi gawo lonse la chomera. Payenera kukhala mtanda pakati pa danga ndi malo. Zonsezi ndi zina zimakhudza kukula kwa mizu, chifukwa chake kupititsa patsogolo kwa anthurium. Drainage iyenera kukhala yosachepera makumi atatu peresenti ya muyeso wa mphikawo, chifukwa zimatengera ngati madzi mu thankiyo angadzayime. Pazokumba, ngalande zam'nyanja, ma shoti ochokera kuzinthu zadongo, komanso dongo lokulitsa, ndizoyenera.
Ngati pakuwonjezereka kwapezeka kuti mizu yambiri idavutika ndi kuwola, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kupulumutsa anthurium.
Kuperewera kwa feteleza ndi feteleza
Mtundu wowala wobiriwira wamasamba a anthurium ndi mawonekedwe abwino a dalalo amadalira mapangidwe okwanira a chlorophyll, kupezeka kwake komwe kumatengera zinthu zingapo zofunika - nitrogen, sulufu, chitsulo, manganese.
Masamba akuluakulu otenthedwa m'munsi mwa chomera, komanso masamba ang'onoang'ono komanso otuwa amawonetsa kusowa kwa nayitrogeni. Njira yayikulu yakupulumutsira ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni kapena michere (mwachitsanzo, zitosi za mbalame, manyowa, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate).
Pokhala wopanda sulufule, masamba achichepere amayamba kutembenukira chikasu kumtunda kwa chomera, ndipo mopitirira muyeso, kuwonekera kwa m'masamba kumakhala m'mphepete mwa masamba akulu, omwe amapindika pang'ono, kenako nkuyamba kutentheka komanso kowuma. Mwanjira yake yoyera, sulufule sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza. Ilipo mu zovala zambiri zapamwamba, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ma magnesium, potaziyamu, kapena ammonium sulfates.
Kuperewera kwa ndulu kumawonekera pamasamba ndi chikasu pakati pa mitsempha yobiriwira yakuda. Matendawa amatchedwa tsamba chlorosis, ndipo amayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, kuchoka pamasamba ang'ono mpaka chomera chonse chamkati. Zinthu monga iron sulfate zitha kuthana ndi vutoli, koma pamafunika zambiri ndi kusamala. Ngakhale mankhwala ochepa kwambiri amatha kuwononga anthurium.
Malo amtundu wachikasu pazithunzi zamasamba (droplet chlorosis) amawonekera ndi kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa chinthu monga manganese. Popita nthawi, masamba amayamba kukhazikika, kenako nkugwa. Mankhwala antifungal ndi bactericidal monga potaziyamu permanganate amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pochiritsa (chifukwa cha vutoli) komanso njira zodzitetezera. Njira yofooka ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira kamodzi pamwezi.
Kulephera Kulephera
Dzuwa lochokera ku dzuwa mwachindunji limatsalira pambale ya masamba mu mawonekedwe akulu akulu achikasu, omwe pambuyo pake amawuma ndikupeza mtundu wakuda woderapo komanso wakuda. Anthurium imalimbikitsidwa pokhapokha ngati yosakanikirana, ngakhale yowala, yowala. Chithandizo cha malo otere sichingabweretse zabwino, masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndi kupsa ayenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu. Koma zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika ndikusunthira chidebe ndi anthurium pamalo abwino kwambiri popanda kuwunika mwachindunji mwachangu (mwachitsanzo, pazenera lakum'mawa kwa nyumbayo).
Tizilombo
Tizilombo zazikulu za anthurium ndi nthata za akangaude, ma mebubu, nsabwe za m'masamba, mikwingwirima, nematode. Tizilombo timene timadya timadziti tamasamba komanso masamba amtundu wa petioles, zomwe zimatsogolera chikaso ndikugwa kwa masamba. Pachiwonetsero choyambirira cha kuukira kumeneku, ndikofunikira kuchita njira zamadzi othandizira ndi madzi ofunda ndi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 50 Celsius. Masamba onse ndi zitsamba zimayenera kutsukidwa bwino. Ndipo kuti muthane ndi chishango chachikulu mungafunikire kukonzekera kwamadzimadzi komwe kumakhala mowa, womwe (mothandizidwa ndi thonje la thonje) umayenera kuzimitsidwa m'malo onse a kupezekapo kwake. Izi zitha kuchitidwa katatu.
Ngati kuchuluka kwa tizirombo tafika kale pamilingo yayikulu, ndiye kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi ofunda sikungathandize. Apa ndikofunikira kuchita ndi njira zolimba kwambiri munjira yazopangira mankhwala apadera oongolera tizilombo (mwachitsanzo, Fitoverm, Neoron, Actellik ndi Fufanon).
Matenda owopsa
Zowola, tsamba chlorosis, septoria ndi anthracnose ndiwo matenda ofala kwambiri a Anthurium.
Masamba okhala ndi malire amtundu kapena mawonekedwe amomwewo ndi septoria kapena anthracnose. Zilonda zam'maso zotere zimafalikira mwachangu kudutsa lonse tsamba, motero ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Ngati masamba ochepa okha ndi omwe ali ndi matendawa, ndiye kuti duwa lingapulumutsidwe mothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera monga foundationazole (yankho la 0.2%) ndi mkuwa chloroxide (0.5% yankho). Popeza tachotsa kwathunthu masamba odwala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthira mbewu yonse ndi imodzi mwa mankhwalawo.
Popewa chlorosis, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chelate ngati chitsulo. Ndi chifukwa chosakwanira kwazitsulo ndi magnesium muzakudya zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Feteleza wotereyu amayenera kupaka nthawi ndi nthawi kupewa zinthu zopitilira muyeso.
Kuzungulira kwa muzu wa mbewu (mizu zowola) kumawonekera pazifukwa zingapo:
- Madzi ochulukirapo panthawi yothirira;
- Madzi ozizira othirira;
- Kutentha kochepa kwambiri.
Mutha kuchiritsa anthurium pokhazikitsa ndikusintha ndikusakaniza ndi dothi latsopano ndikusintha malowo.
