Anankhwala, omwe anali atangobwera kumene ku Europe m'zaka za zana la 16, sanachedwe kulawa ulemu wamba. Kuyenda munthawi imeneyo kunali okwera mtengo komanso kutalika, kotero mbewu zobadwira kumapiri a ku Brazil zidayamba kubzala m'malo osungira masamba ndi nyumba zobiriwira. Russia sanasiyire kumbuyo maulamuliro aku Europe. Kuno, kwazaka zopitilira 100, "mabampu" akunja adakula pamsika wa St. Petersburg komanso kumpoto, pa Solovki. Koma zotentha zomwe zidawoneka m'zaka za zana la 19 zidasintha zinthu, ndipo zipatso zamadzimadzi zinayamba kubweretsedwa kuchokera ku South America.
Izi zikuchitika masiku ano, komabe, chidwi chokulira chinanazi kunyumba sichinazirala. Ngakhale kupsinjika kwakunja, mbewuyi idakhala yabwino kwambiri, ndipo chitsamba chothandiza komanso chamtunduwu chitha kupezekanso kuchokera pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku zipatso zatsopano.
Mwachilengedwe, chikhalidwe chimakula mpaka 60-80 masentimita ndipo chimakhala ndi tsinde laling'ono, lotsekeka ndi masamba akuthwa owutali, muzu ndi zipatso, zopangidwa kumtunda kwa mphukira yayikulu, yomwe imakutalika pambuyo pa maluwa. Chifukwa cha chonde ichi, pansi pa khungu la chimanga chobisala nyama yowutsa mudyo, chomeracho chakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri osati ku America konse, komanso ku Africa ndi Southeast Asia.
M'malo otentha otentha, maluwa a zinanazi amatha kufika mainchesi awiri. M'nyumba, kukwaniritsa chomera chofanana sikungathandize, koma patatha zaka 2-4, ndi chisamaliro komanso chisamaliro, ndipo kunyumba, zipatso zonunkhira zimamera pa chinanazi. Ndipo ngakhale kuti muchite bwino muyenera kukhala oleza mtima, kukula kwachilendo kwazomera ndikuyenera kuchita ndi nthawi.
Kuti mukulitse chinanazi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njere kapena zodula zomwe zimapanga pamtengo wachomera wamkulu. Koma njira yosavuta panyumba ndikukula chinanazi kuchokera pamwamba, kudulidwa kuchokera ku zipatso zatsopano.
Momwe mungakulire chinanazi kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba
Njira yovuta kwambiri komanso nthawi yambiri ndiyofalitsa mbewu. Choyamba, mbande zitha kupezeka kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zidagulidwa. Pazipatso za mbewu zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo akuluakulu, mulibe mbewu konse, kapena zongoyera zokha zoyera.
Mbewu ya chinanazi yoyenera kumera imakhala ndi mawonekedwe pang'ono amisempha, imafikira kutalika kwa 3-4 mm ndipo imapakidwa utoto wofiirira.
Asanabzale, nthangala za maola 18-24 zimayikidwa pakati pa zigawo za thaulo lonyowa ndipo, zitakutidwa, ndikuyika malo otentha. Kenako, akatupa pang'ono, amafika pamsika wonyowa ndi mchenga. Kuti mbewu zing'onozing'ono zitheke popanda zovuta, zimayikidwa m'manda zosaposa 1-2 cm.
Zombozo ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikuziyika pamoto. Zimakhala pamatenthedwe opangidwa kuti mbewuzo zimere komanso kutalika kwa nthawi yoyamba kuphukira:
- Pa kutentha kwawamba m'chipinda, kumera kumatha kutenga masabata 3-4 mpaka mwezi ndi theka.
- Ngati mungawonetsetse kuti mbewuzo zikhale pa kutentha pafupifupi 30-32 ° C, mutha kuphukira patatha masabata awiri.
Ndikofunika kuti tisamangotenthetsa boma, komanso kuphatikiza nthaka m'nthawi, komanso kuti musaiwale kudya mbande. Kuti tichite izi, ndikudalirana kwa masiku 15 mpaka 20, mbewuzo zimaphatikizidwa ndi zovuta kupanga, kuphatikiza zazikulu ndi michere.
Masamba angapo akaoneka ma rosette ang'onoang'ono, amawuma, ndikusunthira limodzi ndi mtanda wawung'ono mu dothi la mbewu zazikulu. Dothi lotere limatha kupangika palokha mosakanikirana ndi peat, humus, dothi la m'munda ndi mchenga mofanana. Kupereka kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wotetezera kumatenda, makala oponderezedwa amawonjezeredwa kumtunda mpaka 5% ya voliyumu. Ndipo gawo la mchenga limatha kusinthidwa ndi perlite.
Momwe mungakulire chinanazi kuchokera pamwamba kunyumba
Ngati mungapeze mbewu zachikhalidwe chosakhala kwina kulikonse komanso osati kwina kulikonse, ndiye kuti mutha kumalima chinankhwala kunyumba kuchokera pamwamba pa zipatso zomwe zagulidwa m'sitolo, ngakhale osadziwa mwapadera. Zowona, kuyandikira kusankha kwa zinthu zabwino, zomwe zaperekedwa kutipatsa zinthu, ndibwino kuyandikira ndi udindo wonse. Chinanazi chiyenera kukhala chatsopano, chamtundu wobiriwira wamasamba, popanda chizindikiro chowonongera, kuwonongeka ndi kuzizira kapena kusilira. Mukayang'ana, muyenera kuyang'anira malo omwe akutulutsa, ngati ndi ovunda, owuma kapena akungosowa, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupeza chomera chatsopano.
Kunyumba, mukamakula chinanazi mu mbewu za zipatso ndi mpeni wakuthwa, dulani mbali yakumwambako, osangotulutsa masamba okha, koma dera la fetus atatu masentimita kutsika. Ngati chinanazi chakhwima kwathunthu, mutha kumasula zitsulozo modekha, ndikugwira chitsimbacho ndi dzanja limodzi, ndi chipatso chinacho.
Zinthu zobzala zam'tsogolo zikavomerezedwa, zatsalira zonse za zamkati zomwe zimatha kukhala magwero owola, zimachotsedwa mosamala. Masamba ofupikawo amachotsedwa kuti atenge phula la cylindrical mpaka 3 cm.
Magawo ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi njira yothetsera ya potaziyamu permanganate, makala osadulidwa kapena, yomwe imathandizira mawonekedwe a mizu, yankho la epin.
Kuteteza phesi kuti livunde, akulangizidwa kusiya chinanazi kuti ziume asanazike kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Komanso, ndikwabwino kupachika zitsulo kuti zisakumane ndi mawonekedwe alionse. Kanema wa momwe angakulire chinanazi kunyumba akuwulula zonse zanzeru za njirayi ndikuwonetsa magawo ake onse.
Mizu imachitika pomiza gawo la zodulidwazo zomwe zimatsukidwa ndi masamba m'madzi. Kuti mukhale pamulingo woyenera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zozungulira zowongolera kapena zowombera, monga zikuwonekera pachithunzichi.
Mizu yoyamba ikawoneka pa chinanazi, rosetteyo ikhoza kubzalidwe pansi, ndipo chomera chaching'ono sichiyenera kuyikidwa m'munsi mwa masamba. Tengani gawo lozungulira mmera mosamala, kuti musawononge mizu yaying'ono yopukutira, yopukutira komanso yopanda pake.
Kulimanso kwa chinanazi kunyumba kumachitika pansi pa kanema pamtunda wotsika kuposa 20-22 ° C. Ngati nkotheka kukwaniritsa kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi dothi mpaka 25 ° C, pakatha pafupifupi mwezi mwezi masamba atsopano owonekera adzatulukira pakatikati.
Pomwe pali kuphatikiza ndi kuzika mizu, chomera cha chinanazi ndichofunikira:
- pewani kupendekera phukusi, ndikuchititsa kukula kwa nkhungu ndi kuwola kwa masamba;
- Nthawi zonse nyowetsani nthaka;
- phokoso kubzala, osalola kuti mbewuyo ithe.
Mbale yokhala ndi chinanazi imayikidwa pamalo opepuka, pomwe kunyezimira kwakanthawi kwa dzuwa sikungawopseze kutulutsa.
Kufalitsa chinanazi ndi mizu kudula
Ngati nyumbayo ili kale ndi chomera chachikulu cha chinanazi, chitha kufalikira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimapangidwa mu gawo la tsinde kapena chonde, zomwe ndi zosavuta kuthyola ndi kuzika mizu. Monga zodzala, zodula zomwe zatulutsa masamba angapo ndipo zakhala zazitali masentimita 15 mpaka 20 zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Monga mtengo wotuluka kuchokera pamwamba pa chinanazi, tsinde limatha kutulutsidwa kapena kudulidwa mosamala ndi tsamba lakuthwa. Malo odulawo amayenera kuwaza ndi zinyalala zamoto, kenako ndi zodulidwazo zimafanana ndi kukula kwa chinanazi kuchokera pamwamba kunyumba.
Ngati basal rosette kale ndi mizu, itha kubzalidwe mu dothi lopepuka la peat, perlite ndi gawo lopangidwa kale la mbeu zamkati.
Momwe mungasamalire zinanazi kunyumba?
Kusamalira zinanazi zakunyumba ndikuwapatsa zonse zomwe zimafunika kuti mbewu ikule ndikukula.
- Ndikofunikira kuti chinanazi chisankhe komanso kukhala ndi dothi lopanda thanzi.
- Pangani kuyatsa kovomerezeka, kutentha ndi chinyezi.
- Chinanazi chimafunika kuthirira bwino komanso kudyetsa.
Mukabzala chinanazi ndikuisamalira pakhomo, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewuyo ilibe mizu yolimba kwambiri yamtundu wapamwamba:
- Nthaka iyenera kuvomerezedwa kuti ikhale chinyezi komanso mpweya wabwino.
- Danga labwino limaperekedwa mumphika.
- Chidebe chokha sichikuyenera kukhala chakuya, koma chinanazi chimagwira miphika yambiri bwino.
Ndikofunika kukulitsa zipatso zam'mwera zachikondi kum'mwera, kumawindo akumadzulo, kumadzulo kapena kum'mawa. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yachilimwe, dzuwa litakhala lotentha kwambiri, ndibwino kudziwa zobiriwira zamapichesi kumbali yakumwera, koma nthawi yozizira, mbewu zimafunikira kuwunikira komwe kumatenga nthawi yayitali masana ndi maola 6-8.
Mwachiyerekezo chabwino, masamba achichepere amakhala obiriwira bwino. Ndipo masamba ochokera m'malo otsika sakhala ouma komanso opuwala, koma amtambo, olimba komanso owutsa mudyo. Pokhala ndi kuwala kokwanira, malo ogulitsira amapangika symmetrically.
Mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa mpweya wa chinanazi kunyumba ndi 18 ° C. mumlengalenga chimomera hibernates. Ndipo pakukula kwachangu, mpweya uyenera kukhala wotentha. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, matenthedwe abwino amatha kuyambira 22 mpaka 30 ° C.
Kusamalira zinanazi zakunyumba kumaphatikizapo kuthirira kwapafupipafupi, kwapafupipafupi, koma kokwanira, komwe kumawotha, kutentha, kozungulira, madzi.
M'masiku otentha, mbewu zimathirira, koma masamba onyowa m'masiku ozizira mosalekeza amayambitsa matenda ndikufota. Zofananazo ziyenera kuyembekezeredwa ngati chinanazi chimalandira mpweya wozizira kuchokera pawindo lotseguka, kapena ngati pali chowuma cha batri lotentha.
Kuyambira pakati pa kasupe, pomwe masamba akhazikika ayamba, ndipo mpaka Okutobala, maapozi amadyetsedwa kunyumba m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndondomekoyo imakonzedwa molingana ndi momwe mbewuyo imakhalira, koma zochulukirapo feteleza ndi michere yambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pa masabata awiri.
M'nyengo yozizira, kudyetsa kumachotsedwa, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, ndipo kutentha kwa zomwe zimachepa.
Kodi mungapangire bwanji zinanazi kuti zikhale zamaluwa ndikuzisamalira?
Nthawi yopanga zipatso mu zinanazi imayamba patatha zaka 2-4 pambuyo pake. Zowona, ngakhale m'minda yamafakitale amapeza zipatso, pochiza mbewu ndi acetylene kapena acetic acid pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapadera. Kunyumba, kukulira chinanazi, njira zotere ndizosavomerezeka, koma ngakhale pano mutha kupanga chomera chovuta kupanga inflorescence.
Kusangalatsa kwanyengo kwa chomera ndi feteleza wa organic kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri. Ngati chinanazi chalandira manyowa kawiri pamwezi pachakudya chonse, ndiye kuti pambuyo pa miyezi 2-3 mutha kudikira maluwa. Akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa kutaya mkati mwa malo ogulitsira ndi yankho la acetylene wopezeka lita imodzi yamadzi ndi magalamu 15 a carbide kwa masiku angapo.
Zotsatira zofananazo zimakwaniritsidwa mwa kukhazikitsa thumba ndi madzi pang'ono ndi chidutswa cha carbide chofukiza pafupi ndi mphika. Panthawi ya njirayi, ndibwino kuphimba mphikawo ndi thumba kapena kuyika wowonjezera kutentha. Maapulo wamba, omwe amapanga ethylene panthawi yosungirako, amathanso kukhumudwitsa mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, maapulo atsopano amayikidwa pafupi ndi mphika womwe umayima mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa masiku angapo.
Nthawi zambiri, pofuna kupititsa maluwa, amalima maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito utsi wa chomera ndi utsi wamba. Njirayi iyenera kukhala kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu ndi kubwerezedwa katatu pa sabata.
Patadutsa miyezi iwiri itatha chithandizo, chisamaliro choyenera cha chinanazi kunyumba, chimayamba kuwoneka ngati inflorescence, kenako, patatha masiku 30, ndi thumba losunga mazira. Kutula kwa zipatso kumatenga miyezi inayi mpaka isanu ndi umodzi, pambuyo pake mutha kuyesa chinanazi chokha nokha.
