Pafupifupi pakati pa chilimwe komanso tizirombo tina tambiri tikuukira minda yathu. Pachimake pantchito m'mundamu sikhala ndi nthawi yayitali yolima, koma nthawi iyi siyenera kuphonya. Ngati kuchuluka kwa tizirombo kupitirira gawo la epiphytotic, ndiye kuti kulimbana kumatha kutha pogonjetsedwa ndi mwini munda.
Kuti mupewe izi, ndikofunikira kuyika tizirombo tomwe timayambitsa mitundu ingapo ya mbewu zam'munda, magawo azokokomeza ndi kuwonongeka kambiri, m'mabuku awo oyang'anira m'munda nthawi yozizira. Kenako mutha "mumodzi kugwa - kumenyedwa zisanu ndi ziwiri" (mukukumbukira nthano ngati ya ana?).
Chithandizo chamdimba ndi zinthu zachilengedweTizilombo ta theka loyamba la chilimwe
Kumapeto kwa Meyi - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, ma vagabond amayambira ulendo wawo wodyetsa - mphutsi za makolo osachedwa ulesi. kukula. Zowopsa ndizilombo za californian wadogo ndi zishango zabodza (mphesa, maula, hawthorn, apulo, mthethe). Ndiwowopsa chifukwa ndiopatsa mphamvu. Zimakhudza zokolola zonse, zipatso, zipatso zambiri ndi mabulosi ndipo zina zamtundu wa herbaceous. Zikopa zabodza komanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi tinthu timene timayamwa tizirombo ndi timadzi tamiyamwa. Komanso ndi owopsa chifukwa choti amadya, amatulutsa timadzi timene timadzimadzi timene timakhala. Zomera zimayamba kukhala ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo komanso matenda, chomera chimafa.
Wachiwiri tizilombo, amene amawononga pafupifupi kwathunthu kukolola kwamatcheri ndi yamatcheri okoma - chitumbuwa (Rhagoletis cerasi). Zipatsozi zachita khungu, ndipo mkati mwake panali mphutsi zoyera - izi ndi chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana zipatso ndi ntchentche. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tokhala ndi pamimba yakuda ndi chifuwa, kunyezimira ndi dzuwa, ndi mutu wachikaso, zimakulitsa "machitidwe" awo kumwera mu Epulo, komanso mkatikati mwa maluwa - asanafike kapena atatha maluwa. Kuphatikiza pa yamatcheri ndi yamatcheri, ntchentche imawononga honeysuckle ndi barberry.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsabwe za m'masambakuphatikiza ndulu. Kutupa kofiira, kofiira pamaso a masamba a currant sikuti ndi matenda, koma zotsatira za zochita za ndulu zakhungu zomwe zimakhala pamphepete mwa masamba a currant. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi mitundu yonse ya nsabwe za m'masamba iyenera kuyambika ngakhale mu gawo la kuphukira, koma ngati nthawi yatayika, ndiye kuti mundawo utaperekedwa limodzi ndi thanki yosakanikirana ndi mankhwala, izi tizirombo, makamaka nsabwe za ndulu, zidzawonongedwa.
Chiphuphu chooneka ngati Apple (Lepidosaphes ulmi).
Tizilombo tina, kuphatikiza tomwe timadya kwambiri mu June, kubereka, kuphatikiza njenjete, timapepalamitundu yosiyanasiyana timadontho, magulu amkuwa, nkhupakupa. Palibe chifukwa chofotokozera kuti kulimbana ndi mankhwala apadera motsutsana ndi tizilombo aliyense sikutha. Tsopano makampani opanga zamankhwala amapereka mitundu yambiri yazinthu zowonjezereka zomwe zingachitike pamavuto angapo. Komabe, mankhwala sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kunyumba. Ali ndi nthawi yodikirira osachepera masiku 20 ndipo palibe amene angatsimikizire kuti mwana, chiweto, ndi akulu, sadzadya zipatso zoyambirira kapena zipatso.
Chifukwa chake, m'minda yazing'ono ndi zazingwe, mitundu yonse ya mbewu iyenera kutetezedwa ku tizirombo, koma mwakuthupi zopanda zovuta zakonzedwa mu tank yosakanikira. Ndi njira yovuta ngati iyi, kuwonongedwa kochuluka kumatha kuchotsedwa mu mankhwalawa 1-3, kenako, mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yokulira, dimba, mabulosi ndi munda zimasungidwa bwino kuti zisawonongedwe.
Kukonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe
Zinthu zonse zachilengedwe zimapangidwa pamaziko a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala adani a tizirombo. Sagwira ntchito limodzi ngati mankhwala, koma amakhala ndi nthawi yodikirira masiku 1-5 mmalo mwa 20.
Kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe, zopeza zamaluwa ndi ammosanaw (mawu ofanana ndi acarin). Izi bioinsecticide siosuta mankhwala ndipo amachita ngati matumbo ndi kulumikizana poyizoni tizirombo. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mwadongosolo ndi masiku 10 - 12, imachotsa msanga mitundu yonse ya nenjenjete, njenjete, masamba a chikumbu, kafadala wamaluwa, nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhupakupa, ma sawflies ndi dothi la nthaka m'nthawi yolima dothi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito acarin, nthawi yodikirako ndi masiku awiri, ndiye kuti, patatha masiku awiri, zipatso zosambitsidwa bwino ndi zipatso zimatha kudyedwa popanda zotsatirapo zake. Poyambira wamaluwa omwe sakudziwa momwe kapena alibe nthawi yokonzekera zosakanikirana zamathanki, actophyte ndimulunguend. Makamaka ndizotheka kuvomereza kugwiritsa ntchito acarin pazomera zamitundu yambiri, zomwe mbewu zake zimacha pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi.
Apple, kapena apulo tinker (Psylla mali).
Chiwombankhanga.
Cherry ntchentche (Rhagoletis cerasi).
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda totsatirawa, kuphatikizapo acarin, timagwiritsa ntchito bwino kusakaniza kwamathanki. Popeza zimangochita zokha pagulu la tizirombo, tikaphatikiza, zimawonjezera kugwira ntchito kwawo.
Bioinsecticides amaphatikiza dongosolo labwino komanso kulumikizana ndi tizirombo, zomwe zimathandizira kufa kwa womalizirayo. Izi zikuphatikiza wokhala mmadzilimwe, phytoverm, bitoxibacillin, lepidocide, verticill, boverin ndi ena.
Mwa zolakwa zitha kutchedwa nthawi yayifupi ya mankhwalawa (masabata 1-2-2), omwe amafunikira mobwerezabwereza chithandizo. Koma thanzi lotetezedwa likugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kulima. Potere, kusakanikirana kwa ma tank kumathandizira kupulumutsa moyo, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chithandizo pamene munthawi yomweyo ndikuwononga tizirombo tambiri.
Tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono ta Apple, kapena kachilomboka ka maluwa apulosi (Anthonomus pomorum).
Momwe mungakonzekere zosakaniza tank
Nthawi zambiri pazovomerezeka zogwiritsidwa ntchito posakanikirana, mawu akuti "cheke chofananira musanakonzekere" amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa oyamba kumene, kufotokozera zomwe kutanthauzira kumatanthauza ndi momwe mungatsimikizire kungakhale kofunikira.
Chitsanzo. M'pofunika kukonzekera zosakanikirana zamagulu atatu azachilengedwe motsutsana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kukonzekera, malinga ndi malingaliro, yankho lililonse mosiyana (1 l). Kenako sakanizani 50-100 g, ndikuwonjezerapo chophatikiza chimodzi ku yankho loyambirira. Kutsanulira mu yankho limodzi la 50 g, kusakaniza kwathunthu ndikusiya kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10. Ngati kusakaniza sikunasinthe mawonekedwe ake owoneka (chiwongolero chawonekera, utoto wasintha, yankho lake lakhala ngati ma gel, etc.), ndiye kuti kukonzekera kumagwirizana. Ngati yankho lasintha, timapatula mankhwala omaliza ku osakaniza ndi kubwereza njira yonse ndi zotsatirazi. Ngati zinthu zofunikira kwachilengedwe ndizoyenderana, aliyense amakonzekera mulingo woyenera (3-5-10 l) pokhapokha ndipo pokhapokha pokhapokha phatikizani, sakanizani bwino ndikusintha zikhalidwezo. Timakonzera mankhwala aliwonse molingana ndi malingaliro ake.
