Chitsamba chobiriwira mpaka mamita awiri kutalika chimakopa diso la wokonda dimba ndipo aliyense wokonda zokongola. Kuti mukule chomera chokongola kwambiri patsamba lanu, muyenera kupereka chisamaliro chokwanira cha mitengo ya peonies. Ndikofunika posankha malo oyenera kubzala, manyowa dothi, kenako ndikuthirira madzi ndikuchepetsa mbewuyo nthawi kuti ikule bwino.
Awa zaka zana atha kumera malo amodzi mpaka zaka zana, ndikusangalatsa wolima dimba wamaluwa pachaka. Amakongoletsa kwambiri mapangidwe a malo, oyenera kukhala masitayilo osiyanasiyana - kuchokera kwa retro mpaka amakono. Kuti chomera chikhale chathanzi komanso champhamvu, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lililonse laulimi moyenera.
Zinsinsi za malo oyenera
Malinga ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo, kubzala mitengo pang'onopang'ono kugwa ndi nthawi yopambana kwambiri. Kunena zowona, awa ndi kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - kuyambira kwa Okutobala. Ndi munthawi imeneyi kuti mmera ukhoza kuzika mizu ndikukonzekera kukulira mphukira zatsopano ndikubwera kwa masika. Malo otentha pang'ono otetezedwa ku zojambula zabwino ndi bwino kukula. Kubzala pamthunzi wa nyumba kapena mtengo waukulu sikungalole kuti chitsamba chizikula, ndipo kungachititse kuti mukule ndikukula.
Kuti chomera chiwonekere mtsogolo, muyenera kukonzanso dothi bwino: onjezani mchenga, dongo, derain ndi humus. Chifukwa chake zimakhala zopatsa thanzi ndipo nthawi yomweyo zidzakhala bwino. Ngati malo obzala ndi loe ndi dense wandiweyani, ndiye kuti ayenera kusakanikirana ndi mchenga ndi feteleza wachilengedwe.
Peonies sakonda nthaka acidic. Nthaka ya peonies yamtengo sayenera kukhala acidic kuposa 7 pH. Ngati ndi kotheka, chimango chochepa chimawonjezeredwa ku dothi acidic.
Kutsimikizika Kwambiri
Momwe mungabzalire peony-ngati mtengo pansi kuti imaphuka mizu ndikukula? Chinthu chachikulu choti muwone tekinoloje:
- konzani mmera (chotsani mphukira ndi mizu youma, chotsani mizu kuzomera);
- kukumba dzenje lozungulira (pafupi masentimita 80 ndikuzama mulifupi);
- pereka dothi labwino podzaza pansi ndi dongo kapena zinyalala;
- kutsanulira gawo la humus ndi turf kapena chernozem pamwamba pa ngalande;
- ikani peony pazosakaniza ndikuthiririra bwino;
- bowo litakutidwa ndi dothi mpaka muzu wa khosi la muzu ndikuumbika.
Kubzala moyenera komanso kusamalira mitengo ingapo yonga mitengo m'gawo limodzi kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino ngati mtunda pakati pa tchire ndi mita imodzi ndi theka.
Momwe mungasungire mbande
Zimachitika kuti adakwanitsa kupeza peony kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kapena ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa dzinja. Zachidziwikire, nthawi ino sayenera kubzala. Nthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kuisunga bwino kufikira nthawi yamasika. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kuchita zinthu zingapo zokonzekera:
- yang'anani bwino kupeza kwa mizu yowola kapena youma, ichotseni ndi mpeni wosalala;
- tengani chidebe chaching'ono choyenera kukula kwa mizu;
- kubzala mmera kuti nthawi yachisanu ichotsere michere m'nthaka ndikuyiyika m'chipinda chapansi kapena m'chipinda chozizira.
Pakuyenera kuti pakhale mafuta ochulukirapo mu thanki yosinthira madzi kuti madzi asatayike.
Kutentha kwa mpweya wakunja ndi momwe mmera umadzakuwuzani zamomwe mungabzalire bwino peze longa mtengo kumapeto kwa tsambalo. Ngati kutentha kwapanyumba m'nyengo yozizira kumakhala kosamalidwa pafupifupi zero madigiri, ndiye kuti mphukira sizingakule. Mtengowo udzaonjezera mizu panthawi yachisanu. Ndipo kungoyambira masiku ofunda ndi kumene impso zatsopano zimawonekera. Tekinolo yobzala iyenera kutsatiridwa monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi yophukira (kuthirira kwabwino, kutsitsa komanso nthaka yazakudya). Mutabzala, muyenera kuyesa chidwi ndi kupereka chisamaliro mwadongosolo kwa mitengo ya peonies.
Chisamaliro cha Mtengo
Ngati chitsamba chachikulire chikukula kale patsamba lanu, ndiye kuti sichifunikira chisamaliro chachikulu. Zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa ndikuthirira nthawi, kumasula dothi pakati pamadzi kuti muchotse mizu, kuchotsa udzu, ndikugwiritsira ntchito feteleza nthawi ndi nthawi.
Peony yokhala ngati mtengo siyiyenera kuthiriridwa osati tsiku lililonse kwa pang'ono, koma kamodzi pakadutsa milungu iwiri iliyonse mumtsuko wamadzi pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse. Ndipo kuti pakati pa kuthirira madzi asasanduke msanga, dzenjelo limakutidwa (ndi udzu, tsamba kapena udzu).
Mfundo ina yofunika pakupanga malo abwino ophukira ndi maluwa ndi feteleza wa nthaka yosiyanasiyana wosiyanasiyana. Tikuthokoza, kuchuluka kwakukulu masamba kuyikidwamo, amapanga mtundu wowala, ndipo nthawi yomwe maluwa awo amawonjezeka. Kudyetsa mtengo ngati peony yoyambira kumayambira nthawi yamasamba. Mafuta amayambitsidwa mpaka kugwa, kuwongolera dongosolo la potashi, nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous.
Maonekedwe okongola pamtengowo atha kupatsidwanso mwayi pochepetsa mphukira ndi masamba. Kudulira kwa mtengo peony ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro choyenera. Imachitika kumayambiriro kasupe nthawi yopanga masamba pa mphukira wathanzi. Inali panthawiyi pomwe nthambi zakufa zinali zowoneka zomwe zimatha kuchotsedwa. Kudulira kwina kumachitika mu kugwa: kamodzi pa zaka 10 mpaka 15, chitsamba chokulirapo chimafupikitsidwira pansi kuti chithandizirenso nthambi komanso kukongola kwambiri.
Zinthu za maluwa oyamba
Kodi mtengowo umaphuka chaka chiti? Ndiyenera kudikirira maluwa chaka choyamba? Mafunso amenewa amayembekezeredwa aliyense wolima m'munda yemwe adadzala zokolola zina pachikhalidwe chake. Chilichonse chimakhala payekha pano, ndipo zimatengera mphamvu ya mbewu, kuchuluka kwa mizu, nthawi yobzala, nyengo yabwino ndi kukonza kwake. Nthawi zambiri zoyerekeza zazing'ono zimapereka maluwa abwino mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu. Ndipo mchaka choyamba, maluwa satchulidwa. Maluwa a terry athunthu peonies amatha kukhala wamba wamba. Osakwiya ndikuzula chomera. Kuleza mtima ndi chisamaliro choyenera zidzabala zipatso.
Mtengo wachichepere ngati mtengo, ukutulutsa, umafuna kuchotsedwa kwa masamba ambiri. Ndikofunikira kuti maluwa oyamba azichotsa duwa lapamwamba kwambiri lisanayambe maluwa. Duwa lachiwiri lifunika kudulidwa litayamba maluwa. Kudulira kumachitika mosamala ndi otetezedwa akuthwa, osamala kuti asawononge kukula.
Kudulira
Kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuyimitsidwa popanga mtengo wokongola kapena chitsamba. Kupatula apo, zili ndendende momwe mungadulire mitengo yamtengo yomwe maonekedwe ake amadalira. Popanga chitsamba, mphukira amazidulira mofanananira, kutulutsa nthambi. Nthambi zazing'ono zimamera mwachangu, kotero kuti kudulira sikuyenera kuchita mantha. Izi zimangokulitsa mbewuzo.
Mukapanga mtengo muyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kusankha nthambi yolimba kwambiri, ndikuipulumutsa ku nthambi zamtsogolo. Pamwamba pamayenera kupangidwa nthambi, ndikupanga korona. Kudulira kuti muthe kubwezeretsa mbewu ndikuchotsa youma nthambi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwamasika, pomwe nthambi zosalimba zimafupikitsidwa mpaka 20 cm kuchokera pansi. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kuchuluka kwa maluwa kumatengera kuchuluka kwa nthambi zokhwima, chifukwa masamba sawoneka pamtundu wa chaka choyamba.
Osamvera chisoni masamba, amafunikanso kudulidwa. Maluwa ochulukirapo atapangidwa ndi peony, iwo amakula pang'ono kukula. Mukadula gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a inflorescence, mutha kukhala ndi maluwa akulu komanso odzaza.
Njira zoberekera
Kukula mtengo wa peony ndi njira yosangalatsa, makamaka pakupanga makope omwe apezeka kale. Kupatula apo, mutha kupeza mitundu yambiri m'njira zingapo:
- gawani chitsamba chokulirapo m'magawo angapo;
- muzu zingapo zodula pansi;
- khalani pakugona;
- pangani mbewu zatsopano kuchokera pambewu;
- pangani mtundu watsopano pachitsamba chomwe chilipo.
Kugawanitsa
Mitengo ya peony, chisamaliro, kufalitsa zomwe zimachitika potsatiraukadaulo waulimi, zimabweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Pakugawa, sankhani chomera chachikulu ndikuchikumba kuti chisawononge mizu. Kenako imagawidwa ndikudula ndi mpeni wosalala. Mutha kugawa osati theka, komanso magawo ochulukirapo. Chachikulu ndichakuti zigawozo zimakhala ndi mphukira zinayi.
Mukadula, muyenera kuyesa kuchepetsa kuwononga mizu ndipo osabweretsa kachilomboka. Pamalo ano, odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi yankho la pinki la manganese ndikuphimbidwa ndi ufa wamakala kapena kaboni yodziyimira.
Pakugawa, simungatenge mbewu zosakwana zaka zisanu.
Landirani zigawo
Kuti tikutsetse pang'onopang'ono ngati mtengo ndikuthandizira kuyala, ndikokwanira kupukusa nthambi yanthaka, kudula gawo lakunja la thunthu, kuwaza ufa wa mizu ndikuphimba ndi dothi. Poterepa, nthambi ipitiliza kudya zipatso za amayi. Ndipo posachedwa zitenga mizu yodziyimira payokha komanso mphukira zatsopano. Kodi mtengo wa peony udzagulidwa ndikulekanitsidwa ku chitsamba chachikulu? Zili ndi kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano. Ndikofunika kuzika mizu mu kasupe, komanso kubzala zitsanzo za ana mu kugwa mosiyana ndi chidebe.
Kudula
Pakulumikiza, chitsamba chokhwima chimasankhidwa, zaka 4-5 zokhala ndi nthambi zabwino zamitengo. Nthawi yoyenera kwambiri mndondomeko ndi chiyambi cha Julayi. Zidula zimakhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu isanayambe nyengo yozizira. Kudzala phesi, kudula mbali ya tsinde ndi masamba angapo. Chodulidwa chapamwamba chimapangidwa molunjika, m'munsi ndichopendekera. Kuti muphukire bwino, gawo lotsika limathandizidwa ndi chowonjezera (muzu). Nthaka imagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula mizu: peat ndi mchenga ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikwabwino kuthirira mmera ndi madzi ofunda. Pambuyo kuthirira imakutidwa ndi mtsuko kapena botolo la pulasitiki. Ngati ndi kotheka - gwiritsani ntchito mini-greenhouse. Titha kumvetsetsa kuti phesi lazika mizu ndi mphukira zatsopano, zomwe pambuyo pake zimasiya.
Katemera
Kuti mugwire ntchito ya katemera, mufunika maluso ena, monga alimi amatero, "dzanja losavuta". Zida zoyeserera moyenerera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu; ntchito imachitika bwino ndi magolovesi. Nthawi zambiri mtundu wamtundu (wamtundu, wamtambo) umalumikizidwa pachitsamba cholimba cholimba. Nthambi imadulidwa kuchokera ku chomera chosiyidwa, ndipo m'munsi mwake chimadulidwa mu mphero. Pa chitsamba chachikulu, nthambi yotsika imasankhidwa ndipo mbali ina imachotsedwa mu mpingowo pomwe kumalumikizidwa. Mgwirizanowo uyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mitundu yaminda ndi wokutidwa ndi zojambulazo.
Sikuti katemera aliyense amene zinthu zimamuyendera bwino. Kuti chilichonse chitha kugwira muyenera kuzindikira komanso nthawi yoyenera kugwira ntchito. Ogasiti ndioyenereradi izi.
Kuchotsa mbewu
Momwe mungasamalire peony yamtengo kuti mupeze mbewu zabwino? Ndikofunikira kusiya inflorescence yayikulu komanso yokongola kwambiri popanda kudula pambuyo kufota. Ndipo lolani kuti bokosi la mbewu lipse bwino. Mbewu zomwe zimapezeka amazidula ndikumakonzekera kubzala nthawi yachisanu mchidebe. Utakula utumphukira m'madzi ndikusinthidwa ndikukasakaniza ndi peat mu kasupe. Ndikosatheka kubzala kukula msanga panthaka, apo ayi adzafa. Malo abwino kwambiri a nyama zazing'ono amatha kupangidwira kumalo obiriwira.
Pezani mbewuyo posachedwa. Ndipo maluwa asanadutse, zaka zingapo zimatha kudutsa. Njira yofalikira ndi mbewu nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa ndi obereketsa kuti apange mitundu yatsopano.
Mtengo Peony: Thirani
Njira yodzala ndikudula maluwa imasiyana m'mawu ochepa chabe - uku kukumba ndi kukonza usanalore. Zochitika zina zonse ndizofanana:
- kutsimikiza kwa malo okhatikiza;
- Kukonzekera dzenje kuti ikamatera;
- mwachindunji ikamatera ndi chisamaliro chowonjezereka.
Chomera chachikulu sichingalekerere kusintha kwa malo okukula koposa kamodzi pachaka zisanu. Ndipo adzayankha nkhawa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matendawa. Bwino osasokoneza peonies mosafunikira.
Kubzala mitengo mu yophukira kumathandiza mbewu kuti mizu ikhale mizu ndikukonzekera kukula kwamasika. Ndikofunikira kusankha nthawi yomwe kuzizira sikunabwere ndipo usiku palibe ozizira. Mukakumba, ndi bwino kuganizira kuti mizu yake imapangidwa bwino kwambiri ndipo imalowera mu dothi mpaka mita. Mukakumba tambula ponseponse, mutha kuwononga mizu yokhazikika. Mafoloko ndi oyenera kukumba, mothandizidwa ndi pomwe mwayi woswa mizu umachepera.
Njira zogona nyengo yachisanu
Mutha kulankhula za momwe mungakhalire penyani ngati mtengo nthawi yachisanu, ndikuyang'ana gawo lina la kukula. Kapena malo enieni a nyengo. M'matawuni okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, maluwa sakhala pogona. Pakati panjira kapena Siberia, simungathe kupeza pobisalira. Zowonadi, chisanu champhamvu, mvula yowuma ndi chithaphwi sichimalekerera mphukira zanthete.
Kuti mukonzekere chitsamba kuti chikhale nyengo yachisanu, muyenera kudulira masamba. Mutha kuphimba kutentha mutayandikira zero.
Spruce kapena udzu phesi
Njira imodzi yodziwika pobisalira ku Russia ndikumanga nyumba yopangidwa ndi udzu kapena lapnik. Nyumbayi imakhazikika pamtengowo ndipo imakonzedwa kuti isawuluke pomwe mphepo yoyamba idayamba. Mwanjira imeneyi, mphukira zimatetezedwa nthawi yozizira kuchokera ku chisanu cholemera chomwe chimatha kuwaswa. Denga labwino likadzagwa, muyenera kuwaza kanyumba kanyumba. Chifukwa chake mutha kupanga malo abwino otentha mkati mwa pogona nthawi yachisanu.
Tikutsitsa
Ngati nthambi za peonies sizowuma kwambiri, ndiye kuti nthawi yachisanu imatha kuweramira pansi ndikuthinitsidwa ndi waya womata. Chophimba chapamwamba ndi nthambi zodula kapena zonona. Kwa zongoganiza zachikulire, njirayi sioyenera, chifukwa pakugwada, nthambi zakale zimasweka.
Chapakatikati, kutentha kumachitika, pobisalira amayenera kuchotsera pa nthawi yake, apo ayi chiopsezo cha kukalamba kwambiri ndi kuvunda ndizotheka.
Peonies amakongoletsa bwino bwalo ndi malo aliwonse. Amakondwera ndi maluwa awo kwanthawi yayitali. Peony yokhala ngati mtengo, chisamaliro chake chomwe chidachitika m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira mosamalitsa ndi chikondi, ndiyamika mlendoyo ndi maluwa ambiri. Kubzala mbewu ngati imeneyi kunyumba, muyenera kukhala okonzekera zochitika zomwe mungakonzekere: kudulira, kuthira feteleza, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ku matenda, kufalikira. Popanda iwo, kukula zazikuluzikulu zazikuluzikulu ndizosatheka. Nthawi yomwe mungathe kuthira peony yamtengowo, muyenera kusankha mosamala, mosamala zaka, nyengo ya mbewu ndi nthawi yazaka.
