Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya tomato yomwe imabala zipatso kwambiri?

Maloto a wolima nyakulima aliyense samakhala, osati monga mbewu wamba, koma "golide". Aliyense amafuna kuti mbewuzo zitha kuthana ndi matendawa, ndipo zipatso zimakula, ndizokoma komanso zochuluka. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zingakwaniritse izi ndizosankha zoyenera zamasamba, zomwe ndi mitundu yambiri ya phwetekere. Mitundu yamtunduyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa eni minda yazing'ono, chifukwa amakupatsani mwayi wopatsa banja masamba abwino, kubzala mabedi ochepa chabe a phwetekere. Palibe zochulukirapo mu bizinesi iyi - zipatso zomwe sizinadyidwe zimatha kusungidwa kapena kugulitsidwa kwa oyandikana nawo. Zosatheka kunena, kukula mbewu pamakampani, pomwe phindu limadalira kuchuluka kwa katundu.

Lero tikufuna kugawana nanu zinsinsi zazing'ono zamomwe mungatolere mbewu za phwetekere ndi zomwe muyenera kuwongolera posankha, komanso kukuwuzani kuti ndi mitundu iti ya phwetekere yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yobala zipatso kwambiri komanso yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima dimba.

Werengani komanso nkhaniyi: momwe mungabzalire tomato moyenera?

Njira Zosankha Zosiyanasiyana

Musanapite ku malo ogulitsa kuti mugule mbewu, ndikofunikira kusankha pa mafunso ena, awa:

1. Kodi phwetekere limera kuti?. Ngati ma CD a mbewuzo atangonena kuti angobzala kumene, ndiye kuti mitundu yotereyi siyenera kubzalidwe poyera. Zachidziwikire, zitsamba pamabedi sizitha, koma sizisangalatsa mbewu yolonjezedwayo. Pazipinda zosungiramo mitengo, sankhani mitundu yobiriwira yokha, ndi yofananira, yogonjera panja. Ngati mukufuna kulima tomato mumiphika pazenera sill, sankhani mitundu yaying'ono: ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, ali ndi kuthekera kopanga mbewu yabwino pa kukula kwanu.
2. Kodi chitsamba chizikhala chiyani? Zomera zazitali zimatengedwa kuti ndizopatsa zipatso zambiri, pomwe zambiri zimakhala zazikuluzikulu, koma zimakhala ndi malo akuluakulu ndikufunika chisamaliro chochuluka, makamaka garter ndi kukhazikitsa zothandizira. Ngati mungaganize zokhala pamadzi opindika kuti mupeze zipatso zambiri, muyenera kubzala mbewu zambiri, zomwe zidzakhalenso malo abwino. Ndiye taganizirani ngati masewerawa ndi oyenera kandulo, ndipo mwina ndibwino kudzala zitsamba zazitali zazitali kuposa makumi asanu.
3. Kodi cholinga chomera ndi chiyani (monga chakudya kapena kusunga). Zina mwazokoma kwambiri ndi zamalonda zamtundu wa phwetekere wokhala ndi zamkoma, koma sizoyenera kumalongeza, makamaka zonse. Koma kuwotcha kapena kulumikiza mitundu ya tomato yokhala ndi khungu lowonda komanso zamkati zolimba kumalekerera kukonzedwa ndipo osagwa, motero lingalirani izi posankha mbewu.
4. Mukapeza mbewu. Nthawi zambiri masamba ambiri amafunikira nthawi yosunga, pomwe nthawi yozizira ikolola. Pazifukwa izi, gulani zamzitini, pakati komanso mochedwa, mitundu ya tomato. Ndipo kuti muthe kusiyanitsa chakudya chanu cha chilimwe ndi mavitamini, sankhani mitundu yaying'ono yoyambirira ya saladi.

Ziribe kanthu kuti mumayimitsa phwetekere yautali wanji, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti ziyenera kudulidwa, kutanthauza kuti, kuzololedwa ndi nyengo yakomweko.

Ngakhale mitundu yodzipereka kwambiri ya thermophilic, yobala zipatso zambiri kum'mwera Mzere, idzalephera kutumphuka, mopitilira apo, iyamba kupweteketsa.

Tomato wabwino kwambiri paulimi wowonjezera kutentha

Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kuchuluka kwabwino kumayenera kulipiridwa tomato woyamba, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti masamba onse ndi abwino. Eya, ngati tomato ali "akomweko" ndipo adabwera kumsika kuchokera ku greenhouse yapafupi. Ngati eni ake ndi anthu abwino, mwina pali mwayi woti akhale "ochepa" pazipatso. Koma m'masitolo akuluakulu pamakhala chiwopsezo cholowa mumtundu womwe umapezeka kunja womwe sukulawa kapena kununkhira. Ubwino wa "mavitamini" oterowo ndi zero, koma umatha kuvulaza kokwanira, kuyambira zovuta ndi ngakhale matumbo okhumudwa.

Ambiri wamaluwa, kuti asade nkhawa ndi nkhani zotere, amalima masamba m'malo obisalamo okha. Popeza tili ndi kanema kakang'ono pogona, ndizosavuta kupereka tomato theka la msewu, ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya zipatso. Ndikofunika kuti m'malo otere mitundu ndi masamba a tebulo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokolola yozizira, amakula bwino.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yocha zipatso, mutha kuchotsa masamba abwino pafupifupi chaka chonse.

Kukolola saladi mitundu yamtundu kwa wowonjezera kutentha

Chimodzi mwazomera zabwino kwambiri komanso zopatsa thanzi zamtundu wa tomato zomwe zimalimidwa ndi wowonjezera kutentha ndi izi:

1. Mphatso za Fairies. Kukula kwapakatikati kwapakatikati (mpaka 1 mita) kulima ndi zipatso za lalanje mwanjira ya mtima. Kuguza kwake ndi kotsekemera, kotakata. Osagwirizana ndi fusarium, mosaic fodya ndi verticillosis. Pamafunika ubusa, garter ndi mapangidwe atatu oyambira. Zipatso zambiri mu greenh m'nyumba ndi mabedi.
2. Mngelo wapinki. Maonekedwe ena oyamba a mawonekedwe ophatikizika. Chimakula pafupifupi chokha, sizifuna kuthina. Zipatso zolemera mpaka 80 g ndizotsekemera, zozungulira bwino, zojambulidwa ndimtundu wakuda, pali thumba losunga mazira ambiri pachitsamba. Guwa limakhala lokoma, logunda, lokhala ndi khungu lolimba, chifukwa limaloleza mayendedwe ndipo ndilabwino ponse pompopompopompopompopopopopopopa.
3. Ngale yapinki. Tchire ndilotsika, koma perekani zipatso zazing'ono zazing'ono zolemera 110 g (pafupifupi 4 kg ya mbewu itha kuchotsedwa pachomera chimodzi). Chifukwa cha masango athunthu, mbewu zimafunika garter, chifukwa zimatha kuthyola kulemera kwa mbewu. Tomato weniweni ndi wozungulira, wapinki, wokoma. Chizindikiro cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuthekera kubereka chipatso chochuluka ngakhale munkhokwe zakale kwambiri, zosaphatikizidwa, zamakedzana. Pafupifupi osakhudzidwa ndi vuto lakumapeto, amalolera bwino kusowa kwa magetsi.
4. Geisha. Tomato wamkulu wa pinki wamkulu wokhala ndi mawanga obiriwira achikuda pa phesi wolemera 200 g. The zamkati ndi lokoma komanso yowutsa mudyo, abwino kwa masaladi ndi zina zambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala pakatikati pa nyengo, chitsamba sichimakula kuposa 70 cm, koma cholimba, ndipo chimagwirizana mosavuta ndi mabrashi ndi zipatso za 3-5 ngakhale popanda garter. Pafupifupi samadwala mochedwa blight ndi fusariosis.
5. Sakani F. Tamba lalitali kwambiri mpaka 1 m wamtali limapereka phokoso lalikulu lamatumbo ofiira owonda ndi khungu lowonda. Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana ndi matenda akuluakulu a tomato, zimatha kumera mu zobiriwira komanso mabedi m'munda. Zambiri ndizochuluka, koma popanda kupanga chitsamba kuchuluka kwake kumachepa.
6. Andromeda. Zophatikiza zoyambirira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakoma ndi zokoma. Zipatsozi zimamangidwa ndi maburashi akuluakulu, mawonekedwe ake ndi ozungulira, pang'ono pang'ono. Amatha kukhala ofiira kapena achikasu, kutengera mtundu (tomato wachikaso ndi wokulirapo). Tchire mu wowonjezera kutentha limakula mpaka mita 1, kutalika pang'ono, kumafunikira garter.
7. Amana ndi lalanje. Zipatso zamtundu wa lalanje zokhala ndi zamkati zonunkhira zimamera pafupifupi mpaka 0,3 kg uliwonse. Zosiyanasiyana ndizaka zapakatikati, zazitali, zimafunikira kupanga 2-thunthu ndi kutsina, koma mwanjira imeneyi mutha kukula phwetekere yolemera mpaka 1 kg. Kutheka kotheka panja.

Wodzipereka wowonjezera kutentha mitundu ya tomato kuti atetezedwe

M'malo obiriwira, si tomato wa saladi okha amene amabzala. Kwa okhala kumadera akumpoto uwu ndi mwayi wabwino wodzipatula pakokha kuti azipeza ndiwo zamasamba pokolola yozizira.

Kusankha mitundu ya phwetekere kuti musungidwe, muyenera kupatsa chidwi mitundu yambiri yazipatso ndi zipatso wandiweyani.

Chimodzi mwazipatso zambiri za tomato zomwe zimabzalidwa kuti ziwonongeke ndi:

1. Auria. Tchire lalitali kwambiri limasangalatsa ndi tomato wambiri wamkulu wolemera 100 mpaka 200. Amamera m'mibulu ya zidutswa zisanu ndi zitatu, zokwana mpaka 15 mabatani. Zipatso zofiira ndi zazitali, zopukutira, zopangika pang'ono kumapeto, zamkati zimakhala zowonda, zamtundu. Tomato ndi abwino kusoka kwathunthu. Zosiyanasiyana ndizaka zapakatikati, zosagwira matenda.
2. De Barao Royal. Tamba lalitali mpaka 2 m wamtali m'malo obiriwira limapereka zokolola zambiri - mpaka 20 kg za zipatso zimatha kuchotsedwa pachitsamba chimodzi, kutengera kuvala pamwamba. Tomato amakhala pang'ono pang'ono, ofiira-ofiira, kuyambira masentimita 150 mpaka 170. Zamkati ndiwosangalatsa, koma wandiweyani. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kusunga ndikusunga mchere, ndikulimbana ndi matenda mosavuta, koma zimafuna ubusa ndi kuyika chithandizo.
3. Miyendo ya Banana. Chitsamba mu wowonjezera kutentha chimakula mpaka 1.5 kutalika, chikapangidwa 3 zimayambira limapereka zokolola zochuluka. Tomato wachikasu wautali wokhala ndi zamkati kwambiri ndi kununkhira kwa malalanje ndi oyenera mchere ndi kusunga lonse.
4. Ziphuphu zampinki. Tchire ndi lalitali, loposa 1.5 m kutalika. Mfundo zopanga ma tchipisi tambiri tambiri tokhala ndi tomato yaying'ono, mpaka 50 zidali mu burashi imodzi. Zipatso ndi zotsekemera, zapinki, zimakhala ndi khungu lowonda komanso zamkati, zimakhazikika mwangwiro ndikasungidwa kwathunthu (osasweka).

Wokolola mitundu yamtundu wotseguka

Madera akum'mwera safuna malo obiriwira kuti atulutse tomato: kuchuluka kwa dzuwa, nyengo yotentha, chilimwe chotalikilapo chimapanga malo abwino achitukuko ndi zipatso. Komabe, kuti tisamadalire chilengedwe chachilengedwe, ndibwino, kuwonjezera apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yotsimikiziridwa yomwe, mopanda tsankho pakuchita bwino, yachulukirachulukira pakusintha kwanyengo ndipo imatha kupilira kutentha ndi mvula kwanthawi yayitali.

Saladi zamtundu wa phwetekere zokulitsa zakunja

Odziwika kwambiri pakati wamaluwa ndi mitundu ya zipatso zamtundu wa tomato zomwe zimapezeka pompo:

1. Anastasia. Mitundu yoyambira kumayambiriro koyambira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumadera akum'mwera, kumene zipatso zake ndizokwanira. Mabasi okwera mpaka 1 mita amakondweretsa zipatso zobiriwira zozungulira zomwe zimakhala ndi acidity pang'ono, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso kungotola ndi kusoka. Ndi 1 sq. Mukhoza kupeza zoposa 10 kg za phwetekere, pomwe mbewu sizikufunikira panthaka.
2. Rasipiberi chimphona. Tchire tomwe silili lalikulu kwambiri (mpaka 1 m), koma lingasangalale ndi zipatso zazikulu zapinki. Kulemera kwa phwetekere imodzi komanso phwetekere imodzi imatha kufikira 0,5 makilogalamu, ndipo chitsamba chimodzi chokha chimatha kutenga 6 kg za mbewu. Zosiyanasiyana ndi zoyambirira, sizifunikira kutsina, sizigwirizana ndi vuto lakachedwa.
3. Giant wobiriwira. Amasiyana m'magulu obiriwira (kuyambira 0,3 mpaka 0,6 kg) zipatso zobiriwira pang'ono. Guwa ndiwofewa komanso lokoma, limanunkhira ngati vwende. Kuchokera pa chomera chimodzi mutha kutenga mpaka 5 kg wa zipatso. Tchire ndi lalitali, kupitirira 1.5 m, limafunikira kuponderezedwa.

Prose lotseguka lamzitini

Ngakhale tomato wa saladi ndi wokoma kwambiri, si onse omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokolola yozizira. Mwachitsanzo, zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu sizingakhale zoyenera kukhala ndi mchere komanso kugudubuza kwathunthu (sizingafanane ndi mtsuko), pomwe mitundu ina imakhala ndi mnofu wofewa komanso khungu loonda.

Poterepa, sankhani masamba obiriwira a mbande zokhala ndi zipatso zonenepa zomwe zimaphimba chitsamba chochuluka, kapena mitundu yokhala ndi zipatso zazitali.

Mitundu yotereyi imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zabwino kwambiri komanso zotsekemera zamtchire zowonekera poyera:

1. Aromani. Bola lokhazikika, lotsika, koma lamphamvu lidzasangalatsa laling'ono, mpaka 100 g, kirimu wowira wa phwetekere wokhala ndi mnofu. Burashi imodzi imakhala ndi mafuta ngati amenewo.
2. Gazpacho. Mbewu yabwino ikhoza kukolola kuchokera pachitsamba chaching'ono mpaka mpaka 60 cm - mpaka 5 kg ya tomato wofiira wocheperako ngati silinda yokhala ndi zamkati wowonda. Zosiyanasiyana ndizaka zapakatikati, zabodza, zosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi matenda.
3. Zamadyedwe. Chitsamba champhamvu mpaka mpaka 1.5 m chimafunikira kuthandizira komanso kupondera, koma chimangirira maburashi olimba a tomato 10 wofiira, wofanana ndi zonona zokulirapo. Zipatso ndizabwino kupangira mchere ndikugudubuza zikomo zonse zamkati. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi zokolola zochulukirapo mosasamala kutentha kapena kutsika (mpaka 20 makilogalamu pa 1 sq. M.), komanso kukaniza matenda ambiri a mbewu zoyandikira, kuphatikiza ndi mizode nematode.

Mutha kulemba mndandanda wamtundu wautali wololera kwa nthawi yayitali, koma muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu kumatengera magawo omwe kukula kwa phwetekere ndikuwasamalira. Ngati mukufuna kuti mbewu zikuthokozeni ndi zipatso zokoma zambiri, apatseni chidwi, komabe, kuyang'ana mitundu yapadera sikungapweteke.