Malinga ndi mwambo, kudzala zipatso zam'madzi kumachitika mchilimwe msuzi usanayambe. Koma pankhani ya gooseberries, zimapezeka kuti ndibwino kusiya miyamboyo ndikuyibzala mukugwa. Ndiwosavuta kwambiri kumaluwa ndi mabulosi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kusiyana pakati pa kubzala masika ndi nthawi yophukira, ndi nthawi yanji yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri, momwe mungakonzere dothi komanso momwe mbande zingasankhire.
Ubwino wa nthawi yophukira
Ubwino wa nthawi yophukira wa gooseberries ndikuti zipatso zimatha kukolola m'nyengo ikubwerayi (osati kubzala gooseberries mu kasupe). Kupatula apo, chikhalidwe chizikhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu ndikusintha bwino m'malo atsopano pofika masika. Mizu yake imakhala yokonzeka kwathunthu kutukuka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maluwa ndi maluwa amabwera posachedwa nyengo yofunda ikhazikitsidwa.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yodzala yophukira ndi nyengo kuyambira pa Seputembara 15 mpaka Okutobala 15. Zitsamba za zipatso zimafunikira kusintha masabata pafupifupi atatu. Lisanayambike chisanu champhamvu, gooseberries ali ndi nthawi yolimba. Kubzala sikulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa mbewu sizikhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kukhwimitsa zinthu zatsopano, ndipo sizingatheke kupulumuka nyengo yanyengo yozizira.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande za jamu
Zaka za mbande kapena zodula bwino za jamu siziyenera kupitirira zaka ziwiri. Chitsamba chilichonse chaching'ono chimayenera kukhala ndi mphukira itatu kapena kupitirira osachepera 30 cm kutalika ndi 20-25 cm gawo.
Mukamagula mbande za jamu, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi mitundu itatu:
- Saplings ndi mizu yopanda kanthu;
- Saplings ndi dongo pamzu;
- Mbande wamkulu mu wapadera chidebe.
Mizu yopanda kanthu ya chitsamba chaching'ono imakhudzanso kukula kwa mbewu, nthawi imeneyi imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa masiku onse. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zamtunduwu zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe koyambirira - kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mbande kapena nthambi za mtundu uwu wa shrub zisinthidwe pokhapokha pakukula kwa nyengo. Mapeto a kukula ndi kakulidwe ka mbewu kungadziwike ndi ophukira achichepere a chitsamba. Makungwa awo amasintha mtundu wake wobiriwira kukhala bulauni, ndipo masamba amakhala olimba (amatha kutsimikizika ndi kukhudza) ndikugwa pang'onopang'ono.
Ngati mizu ya mmera wogulidwa yokutidwa ndi dothi loumbika, lomwe limakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe ake, limakhala chinyezi ndipo silipuntha panthawi ya mayendedwe, ndiye kuti zinthu zobzala zoterezi zimazika mizere m'malo atsopano ndikuzolowera moyo watsopano. Mtundu uwu wa mbande suopa kusintha kwa nyengo kapena nyengo zina.
Ngati dongo lakulungidwa ndi burlap, ndiye muyenera kulichotsa kuti umphumphu wake usaphwanyidwe. Ngati phukusi linali lopanga kapena lamiyala yama waya, ndiye kuti mutha kudzala mmera ndi ilo. Zinthu ngati izi sizilepheretsa mbewu kukula bwino ndikukula.
Wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuti tisagwiritse ntchito mbande zomwe zakula bwino kumadera omwe kumatentha nthawi yophukira. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti mbewu zoterezi zizolowera moyo watsopano wankhanza. Kubzala masika kwa iwo kumakhala kodalirika. Chifukwa chake, makope ogulidwa mu "mayiko otentha" ndikubwera pambuyo pa Okutobala, ndikofunikira kukumba isanayambike masika.
Mtundu wachitatu wa mbande ndi woyenera kubzala yonse masika ndi yophukira. Zomera zokhala bwino sizitha kukhala ndi malo pokhapokha chifukwa cha kugwirana ndi mizu mkati mwa chidebe cholimidwa. Chidebe cholimba chimathandizira kukula mu dothi pomwe chomera chakhala chilimo kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo mizu yake ilibe malo oti ipite ikakulira. Mukabzala chidebe pamalowo, muzuwo umayamba kuzolowera kwambiri zinthu zina, ngakhale dothi lomanga ndi malo okulirapo ambiri. Chifukwa cha "moyo wam'mbuyomu", tchire la jamu laling'ono limakula pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndipo silimakula.
Kusankha malo okhalitsa
Kukula kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu, komanso kukhazikika kwake pazaka, zimadalira malo omwe amafikira jamu. Kuti zitsamba zonse zizikula bwino, malowo ayenera kuwalidwa bwino, malo ake akhale otetezedwa komanso otetezedwa, ndipo pansi pamadzi pazikhala pazama kwambiri.
Chipatso chowoneka bwino ichi ndi mtengo wa mabulosi sizimapereka zipatso zochuluka komanso zapamwamba, kukhala pamalo opumira. Malo okhala dzuwa paphiri ndipo atawombedwa ndi kamphepo kabwinobwino komanso kosanja sikubweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Malo abwino kwambiri kulimilira tchire labulose adzakhala malo pafupi ndi mpanda, mpanda, kapena pakati pa mitengo yazipatso yayitali. Adzakhala chitetezo chodalirika cha mabulosi m'mphepete mwa mphepo komanso kukuzizira.
Ngati malo oti abzalire gooseberries atha kukhala dambo pomwe madzi amangokhala osasinthasintha ndipo dothi limakhala lonyowa, ndiye kuti mizu ya mbewu izayamba kuwola posachedwa. Kusowa kwa mpweya komanso chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka kungayambitse matenda oyamba ndi fungus kapena matenda opatsirana. Kuyandikira kwa nthaka yapansi kumapangidwanso mu tchire mabulosi. Ayenera kudutsa mainchesi osakwana zana limodzi pamwamba pa nthaka.
M'nthawi yophukira kubzala mbande za jamu, ndikofunikira kulingalira zomwe zimakhazikitsa omwe adakula patsamba lino mchilimwe. Ngati anali rasipiberi kapena tchire lopindika, ndiye pambuyo pake dothi limakhala lopanda kanthu, popanda zinthu zofunika, ndipo mwina, ndi tizirombo tina totsalira timene. Zonsezi mabulosi ali ndi matenda omwewo komanso tizirombo.
Malamulo okonzekera dothi komanso njira yobzala
Nthaka iliyonse kupatula acidic ndi swampy ndiyoyenera gooseberries. Tsamba lokhala ndi dothi lolemera limayenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo nthaka yamchenga imafunikira kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe chaka chilichonse.
Pakumapeto kwa chilimwe, malo omwe adasankhidwa kuti abzale ayenera kumasulidwa ku namsongole, kukumba ndikukula ndi peyala. Dzenje lobzala liyenera kukhala lakuzama pang'ono kuposa kutalika kwa mizu ya mmera. Pafupifupi milungu iwiri asanabzalidwe, dzenjelo liyenera kudzazidwa pakati ndi dothi losakaniza mwapadera. Zomwe zili: 2 zidebe za nthaka yachonde, 1 ndowa ya kompositi, 40 magalamu a potaziyamu ndi magalamu 50 a superphosphate iwiri. Nthaka kuchokera pa dzenje imathiridwa ndikugundika pa dothi losakanizirana ndikusiyidwa mpaka tsiku lodzalidwa kuti likhazikike ndikufunika.
Mmera umayikidwa pa dothi loumbika ndendende, mizu imawongoledwa ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi lotsala kuti lisagwe. Khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala lakuya pafupifupi masentimita 5 pansi pa nthaka. Malo opanda kanthu mdzenjewo amaphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndi kuphatikizika.
Mukangobzala, kuthirira yambiri kumachitika ndipo mulching wosanjikiza umayikidwa, wopangidwa ndi humus kapena chilichonse chosasangalatsa chachilengedwe. Mulch idzadyetsa nthaka komanso chodalirika poteteza tizirombo. Idzapereka chinyezi chambiri komanso kupuma.
