Chifundo carissa (Carissa) ikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la apocynaceae. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 35 ya mbewu, yomwe imayimiriridwa ndi zitsamba zazing'ono kwambiri, komanso mitengo. Mwachilengedwe, amatha kupezeka munkhalango zam'mapiri ndi kotentha ku Africa, Hong Kong ndi Australia.
Pa nthambi zamtunduwu wa mbewuzo pamakhala ma spikes oteteza kumiyala iwiri, okhala ndi wandiweyani. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi ma spikes aatali kwambiri (mpaka masentimita 5). Masamba achikopa otsutsa amakhala ndi petioles lalifupi. Masamba ozungulira osavuta amatha kutalika kuchokera 3 mpaka 8 cm. Tsamba lamasamba limakulungidwa pang'ono m'mbali mwake. Masamba pawokha ali ndi utoto wonyezimira wakuda, ndipo mitsemayo imapaka utoto wobiriwira. Mphukira zazing'ono zimaphatikizidwanso ndi utoto wonyezimira.
Zomera zimatulutsa kwa nthawi yayitali, kapena m'malo mwake, pafupifupi chaka chonse. Maluwa amtundu wamtali, osavuta ali ndi petals 5. Amatha kukhala opinki kapena oyera, ndipo maluwa amakula mumtondo wa masamba kumapeto kwa tsinde. Maluwa amatha kusungidwa mu inflorescence kapena palokha. Kunja, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi maluwa a sambac jasmine, ndipo amasiyana ndi fungo lamphamvu chabe. Pakatikati, duwa limatha kufika masentimita 1-5.
Pamapeto maluwa, osati zipatso zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimawoneka m'malo mwa maluwa, omwe ali ofanana ndi ma plums. Kukula kwa zipatso zotere kumadalira mtundu wa mbewu. Chifukwa chake kukula kwawo kumasiyana kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 6 sentimita. Poyamba, chipatso chimakhala chofiira, koma pakapita nthawi mtundu wake umasintha kukhala wakuda kapena wofiirira. Zipatso izi zimatha kudyedwa, ndipo zimakoma kwambiri. Ukama, wokhala ndi fungo la msuzi, umakhala wachifundo komanso wokoma kwambiri. Carissa amalimidwa ngati mtengo wa zipatso, wobzalidwa m'minda.
Chifukwa cha obereketsa, mitundu yambiri ya carissa idabadwa, koma nthawi yomweyo iwo adatsimikiza zipatso. "Zopendekeka" zosiyanasiyana, ngati "Torrey Pines" zimabala zipatso zambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu kwambiri. Gulu "Gifford" ndilimodzi mwazabwino kwambiri.
Komanso, obereketsa ankayesa kupanga mitundu yotere yomwe imaphukira mwamphamvu komanso yocheperako. Mitundu iyi ndi yabwino pakupanga ziboliboli zobiriwira komanso maudzu. Zitsamba zotsatira zimabala zipatso zochepa, koma zimakhala ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi "Grandiflora", popeza yaying'ono kukula komanso yamaluwa kwambiri. Mitundu iyi imasankhidwa nthawi zambiri kuti ilime mchipinda, popeza chomera chothandiza kwambiri ichi sichothandiza komanso chosasamalira.
Kusamalira Carisse kunyumba
Kupepuka
Kuwala kowala kumafunika (pafupifupi 6000-7800 lux). Chomera ichi chimamverera bwino pansi pa dzuŵa mwachindunji, mogwirizana ndi momwe tikulimbikitsira kusankha zenera lakumwera komwe ikupezeka. Galimotoyo imamveka bwino pawindo lakumadzulo kapena lakumawa. Ikaikidwa pazenera lakumpoto, mbewuyo silingalandire kuwala kuti ichitike bwino, ndipo siyingaphuke. Ngakhale pano amathanso kukula, koma zimayambira zidzakhala zazitali.
Njira yotentha
M'chilimwe, carissa imalimbikitsidwa kuti izisungidwa pamatenthedwe 18 mpaka 25 digiri. M'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kusunthira kumalo ozizira (kuyambira 14 mpaka 18 madigiri), ndizokhala ndi zotere nthawi yotentha, maluwa amatchukanso. Komabe, ngati pali kuwala kumbuyo komwe kumatha kulowetsa dzuwa mwachindunji, maluwa ndi zipatso zidzapitilira chaka chonse.
Imalephera kuthana ndi kutentha mwadzidzidzi ndipo yachulukitsa chisanu (imatha kupirira kutentha kosapanda nthawi yayitali mpaka kutentha kwa madigiri 3). Carissa akulimbikitsidwa mu nyengo yotentha kuti apite kumweya wabwino, pomwe amatha kukhala komweko kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndipo pamtengo wowala bwino, mtengo ungabzalidwe kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Okutobala.
Momwe mungamwere
Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo, koma nthawi yomweyo. Chomera sichimalimbana ndi chilala ndipo chimatha kupirira kupukuta kwathunthu kwa dothi. Kuchulukitsa kumakhala kowopsa kwa iye, chifukwa kungayambitse acidization ya gawo lapansi komanso kuzungulira kwa mizu. Monga lamulo, kuthirira kumachitika pokhapokha nthaka yapamwamba itawuma bwino.
Carisse iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofewa, omwe amakhala pafupifupi maola 24.
Chinyezi
Sifunika chinyezi chachikulu ndipo imakhala momasuka ngakhale nthawi yozizira, pomwe mpweya mzipinda ndi wouma kwambiri. Kuti akonzeke bwino bwino pamtengowo, komanso ukhondo, amafunika kukonzanso madzi osamba nthawi zonse.
Kudulira
Karissa amafunikira kudulira mwadongosolo kwa mphukira, yomwe idapangidwa kuti ipange korona. Koma ntchito yamaluwa pamenepa ndiyovuta chifukwa chomera ichi ndichophukira bwino, ndipo zimayambira zimakula kwambiri mbali zonse, motero nkovuta kuti apange korona wabwino. Palibe chifukwa sangadulidwe konse. Ndi chomera chomera msanga ndipo patapita nthawi yochepa chimakula kwambiri. Ndipo popeza pali mphukira zakuthwa kwambiri pa mphukira, izi zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zambiri.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Palibe zofunika zapansi panthaka, koma zimakhala bwino ngati zimakhala pang'ono zamchere. Imamva bwino ponse pa nthaka komanso pamchenga wamchenga. Imalekerera mchere modekha. Ndikosavuta kupanga dothi labwino kusakaniza kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, phatikizani pepala, peat, sod ndi humus nthaka, komanso mchenga wofanana.
Musaiwale za dongo labwino, lomwe lingalepheretse madzi kulowa m'nthaka.
Feteleza
Ngati maluwa ndi maluwa akupitirira chaka chonse, ndiye kuti feteleza azithira dothi mwadongosolo, monga lamulo, kamodzi pa masabata awiri kapena atatu. Pachifukwa ichi, michere ya mineral imakhala yoyenera bwino, yomwe imakhala ndi phosphorous yambiri, yomwe chomera chimafuna kuti maluwa azikhala nthawi yayitali. Komanso, kuphatikiza ndi nayitrogeni ndikosayenera, chifukwa zimapangitsa kukula kwa masamba. Kuti mbewuyo ilibe chlorosis, ndikofunikira kuti njira zodzitetezera ziyambire mwadongosolo chelates zitsulo pansi. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, izi zitha kuchitika nthawi yothirira.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Ngakhale mbewuyi ili yaying'ono, kufalikira kwake kumachitika mchaka chilichonse. Mitundu ya achikulire ochulukirachulukira imagwiridwa motere pafupipafupi, kapena, kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Ngati carissa sathanidwe kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti masamba ake amaphwanyidwa, ndipo imakula pang'onopang'ono.
Kupukuta
Ngati kunyumba mukufuna kutengako zipatso pamtengowu, muyenera kufunikira kuyipitsa maluwa.
Njira zolerera
Kubala, mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kudula. Kumera mbewu kumachitika mwachangu, pafupifupi theka la mwezi mutafesa. Komabe, kukula kwa mbande kumakhalako pang'onopang'ono. Zomera zotere zimayamba kuphuka mchaka chachiwiri.
Pa odulidwa ayenera kudula apical mphukira. Akhale ocheperako kukula ndikukhala ndi ma 3 inform. Mizu imatenga nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri kupitirira milungu 8-12. Wophuka udzu wophuka bwino mchaka chomwecho. Zabwino koposa zonse, kudula kumazikidwa mu mini-wowonjezera kutentha wodzazidwa ndi chisakanizo cha perlite ndi peat. Mizu imawoneka kawirikawiri m'madzi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, kuvunda pamizu kumapangidwa, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusefukira.
Kupindika, kangaude komanso sikelo imatha kukhazikika. Ngati tizirombo tapezeka, ndikofunikira kuti muzitsuka ndizowongolera pansi pang'onopang'ono, kenako muzichitira mankhwalawo ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwira izi.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito
Zipatso za Caries zobiriwira m'chipinda zimakoma chimodzimodzi ndi zomwe zimakololedwa m'munda. Ndipo kuchokera kwa iwo mutha kuphika mbatata zosenda, masamba a zipatso, ma jellies, ndi zina zambiri.
Yang'anani! Zigawo zonse zamakola, kupatula zipatsozo, zimakhala ndi poizoni. Palinso zipatso zosapsa, ngati mungazidye, mutha kudyetsedwa.
