Maluwa amatitsatira kulikonse. Phwando lokongola la maluwa okongola patebulopo, maluwa okongola ambiri pakhomo la sukulu kapena ofesi, kuchotsera pabalaza, chodzala chokha pamakina otchetchera mundawo. Koma osati ndi mitundu yowala, mawonekedwe osazolowereka ndi mafungo abwino omwe timakopeka ndi maluwa. Iwo, kuwonjezera pa kukongola, amapereka thanzi. Pafupifupi mbewu zonse zamaluwa ndizomera zamankhwala. Scutellaria ochokera ku banja lowoneka bwino nawonso ali m'gulu la mbewu zotere.
Scutellaria baicalensis (Scutellaria baicalensis). © Nick EberleKwa nthawi yoyamba, Scutellaria monga chomera chamankhwala idatchulidwa ku Tibetan zaka 2500 zapitazo. Kuyambira kale, scutellaria idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati hepatatic othandizira, ndipo pambuyo pake adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera mndandanda waukulu wamatenda mu pharmacopeia yadziko komanso yovomerezeka.
Mu banja Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae), Scutellaria ndi mtundu wina Shlemnik (Scutellaria), mitundu yoyimira yomwe ili scutellaria wamba (Scutellaria galericulata) Mitundu imodzimodziyi imapezeka pansi pa mayina a Scutellaria cockerel ndi Capricorn scutellaria chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a tsamba lapamwamba la maluwa a zygomorphic. Mu Latin, Scutellaria vulgaris amatanthauza "chipewa chopangidwa ndi khungu la nyama", ndipo mwa anthu, udzu wa scutellaria umatchedwa mfumukazi ya mayi, munda kapena buluu wa St. John, agogo, zipatso, udzu wamtima, mtundu wamtambo ndi ena.
Zoyambira zakale zomwe zidapangidwa ku Scutellaria kusinthasintha kosinthika ndi moyo. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wa Scutellaria umakhala pafupifupi makontinenti onse kupatula Antarctica. Zogawa zamtundu zimakwirira malo ochepera. Chifukwa chake Shlemnik Baikalsky (mitundu yokhayo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chamankhwala chovomerezeka) imapezeka m'mitengo yachilengedwe ku Central Asia, Transbaikalia, Mongolia, China, Far East. Zomera zimakhala mesophilic ndipo zimamera m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri: pafupi ndi malo owuma, pafupi ndi mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa matupi osiyanasiyana am'madzi, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zonyowa komanso zoterera. Momwe maluwa a Scutellaria amawoneka okongola nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'nyumba komanso m'nyumba zamalimwe.
Scutellaria vulgaris, kapena capilliferous scutellaria, kapena cockerel scutellaria (Scutellaria galericulata). © Raino LampinenKumanani - awa ndi zisoti
Shlemniki ndi mbewu zosatha; mitundu yoposa 400 imapezeka m'chilengedwe. Mizu yake ndi ndodo. Imalowetsedwa munthaka mpaka masentimita 50. Pafupifupi pansi pamtunda, imadutsa pang'onopang'ono mpaka malo osungiramo - rhizome yokhala ndi mitu yambiri imakhala yopendekera kapena yokwawa. Mtundu wa chikondwererocho pakhungu limakhala lachikasu, pansi ndi lofiirira kapena la bulauni.
Mbali ya Scutellaria ndi herbaceous kapena mawonekedwe a zitsamba ndi zitsamba, osapitirira 60 cm. Zomwe zimayambira ndi zowongoka, zamtanda, zokutidwa ndi tsitsi lowopsa kwambiri, zobiriwira, zosakonda - zofiirira.
Masamba amitundu ingapo, kuchokera pamitundu yosavuta yokhala ndi mtima wozungulira mpaka patali ndi malangizo osaneneka. Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa masamba a Scutellaria, omwe amasiyana ndi mdima mpaka wobiriwira. Nthawi zina mbali zakumtunda ndi zam'munsi mwa tsamba zimapakidwa utoto mosiyanasiyana, kapangidwe kake kamkati, malo amkati mwa tsitsi. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 2-7 masentimita, makonzedwe akutsutsana. Amasiya sessile kapena yochepa pubescent petioles. Maluwa a Scutellaria ali ndi mabakiteriya.
Maluwa a Scutellaria ndi zygomorphic, omwe amakhala amodzi nthawi imodzi m'matanthwe a masamba apical ndi apakati. Maluwa amabwera limodzi ndi ma whorls abodza awiriawiri ndipo amatengedwa mu ma inflorescence otayirira. Zomera zimayamba kutulutsa mu June mpaka Ogasiti. Mitundu ya corolla ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera yoyera, ya pinki yopepuka mpaka ya lilac-buluu, burgundy, red-buluu, violet ndi mithunzi yamtambo. Corolla wa duwa ndi wa tubular, mal-awiri. Mlomo wapamwamba wa duwa la zygomorphic uli ndi kutuluka koyamba kapena kupindika, kofanana ndi mtundu wonsewo. Imafanana ndi chisoti chakale, chifukwa chake dzinalo linadzakhala - munthu wachisoti. Malinga ndi nthano, Scutellaria ndi hepatatic yamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti imayenda ndikutseka magazi ngakhale itagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chisoti kapena chovala.
Chipatso cha Scutellaria chimatchedwa coenobium ndipo chimayimiriridwa ndi ma minti anayi owoneka ngati ma-ovoid, ophimbidwa ndi ma tubercles ang'ono, opanda kapena pubescent okhala ndi tsitsi la glandular. Zipatso zimapsa kuyambira Julayi mpaka Sepemba. Kukhwima kwa coenobium kumawombera ndi mtedza pakukhudza pang'ono, komwe kumapangitsa kufalikira kwa mbewu.
Scutellaria Alpine "Arcobaleno" (Scutellaria alpina 'Arcobaleno'). © Joseph Tychonievich 
Shlemnik kummawa (Scutellaria orientalis). © mustafa ulukan 
Amathandizira owoneka ndi mtima (Scutellaria cordifrons). © CABCNMitundu ya chisoti cha kapangidwe kamunda
Shlemniki makamaka ali m'gulu la zomera zotaya. Alibe fungo lokhazikika, koma amawoneka bwino ngati maluwa okongoletsa komanso okongoletsa bwino m'mabedi amaluwa, kuchotsera, m'misika yosakanikirana ndi m'minda yamiyala. Scutellaria imagwira mu nthomba za mitengo yokhotakhota ndi ma monoclomb a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amakhala okongola modabwitsa kuphatikiza ndi maluwa, zipatso zazikulu za lalanje, primrose yamadzulo, elecampane, gypsophila ndi mitundu ina yayikulu yokongola ya maluwa.
Kwa ma monoclumbes okhala ndi mitundu yambiri komanso kuphatikiza mitundu ina ya maluwa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Skullock Alpine (Scutellaria alpina) wokhala ndi maluwa oyera ndi oyera oyera Amathandizira owoneka ndi mtima (Scutellaria cordifrons) ndi pinki ndi Shlemnik kummawa (Scutellaria orientalis) wokhala ndi maluwa achikasu. Zokongoletsa Zojambula pachifuwa (Scutellaria hastifolia) wokhala ndi maluwa obiriwira komanso masamba obiriwira okhala ngati mkondo. Zachilendo Zovala kumutu (Scutellaria tuberosa) ndi Chigoba chachikopa (Scutellaria costaricana) wokhala ndi maluwa owala abuluu owala owoneka bwino.
Spearman skullcap (Scutellaria hastifolia). © Svetlana Nesterova 
Skullcap tuberous (Scutellaria tuberosa). © fractalv 
Skeleton Costarican (Scutellaria costaricana). © mpshadow2003Zothandiza pa Scutellaria
Pazifukwa zamankhwala, mitundu iwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito: Kachikachi Baikal (Scutellaria baicalensis) ndi Shlemnik wamba (Scutellaria galericulata) Mphamvu zakuchiritsa zimachitika chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwawo ndi mankhwala komanso mankhwala omwe ali ndi zotsatira zabwino pochiritsa matenda opitilira 40. Zipangizo zothandizira kupangira mankhwala ndi ma rhizomes, omwe amakhala ndi zotsatirazi zazikuluzikulu zazikulu izi: potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium, iron, mkuwa, zinc, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, ayodini ndi ena. Ma Rhizomes ali ndi ma saponins, ma organic resins, flavonoids (baikalin, scutellarein, vogonin), coumarins, tannins.
Kuphatikiza kwa zosakaniza za rhizome kumakhala ndi kuchiritsa kwakukulu pamatenda a oncological (amachepetsa kukula kwa zotupa, kuletsa mapangidwe a metastases), leukemia, kuthandizira mtima, kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, kukhala ndi zotulukapo zabwino pakuphatikizika kwamitsempha yamagazi ndi chikhodzodzo, kumayendetsa ntchito ya chiwindi ndi ndulu ya chithokomiro, kumakhala ndi mphamvu yayitali kwambiri komanso yotupa. magazi akutupa, odana ndi kutupa ndi matenda ena. Kunyumba, scutellaria imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ngati tiyi wazitsamba, wokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira komanso mavitamini.
Shlemnik amatchulidwa zomera ndi zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi poizoni. Chifukwa chake, mukamatenga mankhwala ophatikizira kunyumba ndi makonzedwe, onetsetsani kuti mwonana ndi dokotala.
M'masitolo mumatha kugula muzu wouma wokhala ndi ma rhizome, Tingafinye owuma, ma tinctures a mowa. Shlemnik ndi imodzi mwazakudya zambiri zakukonzekera ndi kukonzekera.
Scutellaria baicalensis (Scutellaria baicalensis). © HEN-MagonzaScutellaria ikukula
Scutellaria baicalensis ndi Scutellaria vulgaris akhoza kuyikidwa pa dacha mu kanyumba kamasamba azomera zamasamba, mabedi ochiritsa kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito izi ndi mitundu ina pokongoletsa malowa.
Mukakulitsa ma scutellaria kuti atole mankhwala a mankhwala abwinobwino, ndibwino kuyika mbewu m'malo otentha, koma osayatsidwa ndi dzuwa. Penumbra kwenikweni sizikhudza kakulidwe ka mbewu, koma kumayambitsa kudula kwamaluwa, komwe kumachepetsa kukongoletsa kwa mbewu.
Shlemniki sakutanthauza dothi ndikunyamuka. Amakhala olimba nthawi yozizira, chilolezo chilala. Samakhala ndi zokhumudwitsa akaphatikiza pamodzi ndi maluwa ena. Akakula, amakonda dothi, lopanda dothi, lopumira, lomwe limakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe.
Kukonza dothi ndikubzala
Panthawi yophukira nthaka yopukutira bedi lamaluwa kapena bedi lamachiritso, muyenera kupanga chikho cha ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu wosalala, chidebe cha 0,5-1.0 cha humus (pa dothi lolemera) ndi 30-40 g / m² wa malo a nitrofoska / nitroammophoska.
Scutellaria ikhoza kufesedwa kapena kubzalidwa pamodzi ndi mbewu zina, nthawi yachisanu ikadutsa ndipo nthaka imawotha mpaka + 10 ... + 12 * С. Pafupifupi, izi zimapezeka mu Epulo-Meyi, kutengera nyengo yamaderawo.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa Scutellaria
Zomera zimathirira pambuyo kumera, pomwe dothi lakumtunda limayuma, komanso nthawi yayitali, kuthirira kumachitika pokhapokha nyengo yowuma.
Nthawi yakula, zipewa zimadyetsedwa kawiri ndikakulidwa pazinthu zopangira mankhwala. Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni 25-45 g / sq. m kapena njira yothetsera chilichonse chachilengedwe komanso chachiwiri - mukadzaza ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu, 30 g wa superphosphate ndi 20 g wa mchere wa potaziyamu pa lalikulu mita. m Akakulidwa pabedi la maluwa, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika nthawi yomweyo ndi mbewu zina, koma osapanikizika ndi nayitrogeni. Ndi kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, Scutellaria ndi mbewu zina zamaluwa zimatulutsa biomass zomwe zimawononga maluwa.
Scutellaria baicalensis (Scutellaria baicalensis). © Kor! AnKubalana kwa Scutellaria
Scutellariae imafalitsidwa bwino ndi mbewu. Mapeyala amalonda amachaka chachiwiri. Monga chikhalidwe chokongoletsera, kuti tisunge mawonekedwe a amayi, scutellaria imafalitsidwa ndikugawa ma rhizomes a chaka cha 3. Mukamakulitsa mwa mbeu za nthitiyi, onetsetsani kuti mwakhala ndi impso ziwiri mbali iliyonse. Popeza kuti chipewa cha chisoti chili ndi muzu, iwo samazika mizu pothirira mbande. Kumpoto kwa mabedi amaluwa, scutellaria imafalitsa ndi mbande. Pofesedwa ndi mbande, mbande zimadumphira mu dothi kapena miphika za peat-humus, kenako ndikuzibzala m'nthaka ndi miphika, zaka 2 - 4 masamba. Zomera zomwe zinaikidwa pambuyo pake zimafa. Kubzala ndi kusamalira mmera ndizofanana ndi mbewu zina.
Kwa nyengo yozizira kumadera akumpoto, misa yam'mwamba siyidulidwe. Mwachilengedwe, mbewu za Scutellaria zimabisala bwino. Kudulira kwawo kumachitika mchaka. M'madera akum'mwera nthawi yophukira, zimayambira zimadulidwa mulingo wa masentimita 7-10.
Kukonza mankhwala opangira mankhwala
Mukakulitsa Scutellaria pabedi la zamankhwala, kukolola kwa zipangizo zamankhwala kumachitika pa chaka cha 3 - 4. Onetsetsani kuti mwasiya gawo la mbeu kuti mukaberekenso zachilengedwe ndipo zosatira zotsatira sizikuchitika kuposa zaka 5.
Scutellaria vulgaris (Scutellaria galericulata). © Paula ReedykKukonza ndi kusunga
Wofesedwa pang'ono ndi mizu imatsukidwa dothi, kudula gawo la mlengalenga. Nthiti yakeyokha imagawika m'magulu a masentimita 5-7 ndipo nthawi yomweyo imayikidwa pakauma. Wowotchera mu uvuni pamtunda wa + 40 ... + 60 ° С. Mukayanika zimayang'aniridwa kuti zopangira zisakhale zouma. Denga lochiritsidwa lomwe limachotsedwa limachotsedwa pazinthu zouma ndi kuziika m'matumba a nsalu zachilengedwe kapena chidebe ("chofweya"). Alumali moyo wa zopangira ndi zaka 3.
Panyumba, mungagwiritse ntchito tincture wa mowa, decoctions wa rhizomes. Onetsetsani kuti mwakumana ndi dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito.
