Rock Oak - Royal Giant

Pakati pa mitengo yayikulu, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga madera akuluakulu, miyala yamiyala imakhala ndi malo apadera kwambiri. Mitengo iliyonse ya thundu ndi zomera zomwe zimakopa maso. Koma ngakhale pakati pa abale, miyala yamiyala imawoneka yothandiza kwambiri. Makulidwe akuluakulu, kukongola kwapadera kwa thunthu ndi korona, aura a chomera chodabwitsa komanso chosangalatsa chimawasiyanitsa ndi mbewu zazikuluzonse za mitengo. Chimphona ichi chikukula osati makumi, koma zaka zambiri, ndipo patatha zaka mazana asanu chidzakongoletsa ziwembu zanu komanso zaka 10 mutabzala.

Rock Oak. © Leonora Enking

Kukongola kwakale kwamiyala yamiyala

Mwala, kapena wales oak (Quercus petraea), tikudziwanso pansi pa dzina la Sagittarius thundu - mbewuyo ndi yodziwika bwino komanso yabwino kubzala ndi mbewu zosinthidwa. Mwachilengedwe, imakhala nkhalango zokongola komanso zopangidwa ndi oak, ndizofunikira kwambiri m'malo otetezedwa a Scandinavia ndi Britain, imapezeka m'malo onse a ku Europe a Russia. Chimphona ichi, chomwe mawonekedwe ake amawonedwa ngati chofotokozeratu komanso chapamwamba. Ndikosavuta kuyerekezera paki yodzaza ndi miyala yopanda miyala, koma izi sizilepheretsa kuti mbewuyo yokongoletsera mundawo ikhale yabwino. Inde, ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza nkhuni zofanana mumlengalenga. Mwachilengedwe, miyala yamiyala yotetezeka imatetezedwa: chifukwa chakuti nyama zimadya zipatso zake, chomera sichimaberekanso chodzilimitsa chokha ndipo chimafunikira kudulidwa m'nkhalango kapena kukhomedwa kuti chikukulitse malo ake.

Mitengo yamitengo yamiyala yamphamvu, yayikulu, yomwe imatalika mpaka 30 metres. Mu mitengo yaying'ono, korona amakhala wokhazikika, wodekha, wama ovoid. Koma thundu limawululira mwachangu mawonekedwe ake enieni, ndikusintha mawonekedwe okhazikika kwa korona wamanja, owoneka bwino, osalala, omwe sangatchulidwe kwina kuti ndiwowoneka bwino. Ndi zaka, mitengo ikuluikulu imawululidwa, nthambi zimakwezeka, m'munsi, komanso zaka zambiri - nthawi zambiri pakati pa nthambi. Mtengo wa thundu umawoneka kuti "umamasula malo" kuti athe kupuma pansi pake. Pang'onopang'ono, khungwa losalala la maolivi limakutidwa ndi zopyapyala, osati zozama ngati mumtchire. Zithunzi zamiyala yamiyala imapangitsa mtengo kuti uzindikire mosavuta. Kufika masentimita 12 kutalika, masamba owala, opangidwa ndi masamba obiriwira omwe amakhala ndi magulu awiriawiri a loboti, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera matako. masamba aatali kwambiri ali mkati mwa mbale. Masamba amakhala pamilingo yodula ndi masentimita awiri mpaka atatu, m'munsi samayikidwa, koma wozungulira kapena wopindika.

Maluwa amitengo yamiyala yamiyala. © Lliam Rooney

Koma kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mwala wamiyala ndi thundu wamba amapezekabe posintha maluwa ndi kukonza ma acorn. Mphete zokhala ndi maluwa owoneka bwino, kenako ma acorn sakhala pamadulidwe, koma "miyendo" yayifupi kwambiri kapenanso nthambi. Mtengo wa thundu umaphukira m'miyezi ya June ndi June, kuwala kwa masamba obiriwira achikasu a inflorescence. Zipatso zoyambirira - nthano zachilendo - sizimawoneka zosangalatsa, monga momwe timazidziwira. Pa nthambi, zimawoneka ngati chuma chobisika.

Mitundu yokongoletsera ndi mitundu yamiyala yamiyala

Ngakhale kukongola kwa chomera cham'munsi, masiku ano chidwi chambiri chimakopeka ndi mitundu yokongoletsera ndi mitundu yamiyala yamiyala:

kulira kwa pendula, komwe nthambi zake zimatuluka mokongola modabwitsa;
mawonekedwe okongola a motley thundu wamiyala yamtengo wapatali wokhala ndi masamba amdima wokutidwa ndi mawonekedwe oyera;
mawonekedwe agolide aurea, momwe mtundu wachikasu wa masamba achichepere umaphimba masika onse "akuwonetsa" m'mundamo (kenako utoto umasintha kukhala wobiriwira wamdima);
mawonekedwe aureu ngati mwala wamiyala ya oak purpurea, pomwe masamba ang'onoang'ono amapakidwa utoto, koma nthawi iyi pofiirira-wofiirira, koma kenako nkutembenukira kwamdima wakuda;
wapadera pakukongola kwamasamba, mawonekedwe a laciniata okhala ndi masamba owonda ndi ofunda, okuya osapitirira, koma tsamba
komanso miyala yoyambirira yamiyala yamiyala yamakoma yoslongifolia yokhala ndi loboti itatu yokha popanda cholembera masamba;
mawonekedwe ngati medpilifolia, momwe mawonekedwewo amafananira ndi masamba a medlar.

Mitundu yokhala ngati miyala yamtundu wa oak (Quercus petraea mespilifolia). © Jean-Pol GRANDMONT

Monga pafupifupi mtengo uliwonse wamiyala, miyala ndiyomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yakutsogolo komanso mochedwa yomwe imatha kutulutsa m'mwezi wa Epulo komanso m'mwezi wa May wokha, womwe umasiyana ndi masamba. Mitundu yokongoletsera imaphatikizidwa kawiri kuposa zimphona zachilengedwe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yamiyala pokongoletsa

Rock Oak - regal, zazikulu komanso zazikulu chimphona. Ndipo monga nthumwi iliyonse yamitengo yabwinobwino, yomwe ili ndi zaka, sikutalika mpaka kutalika, komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa thunthu ndi mulifupi wa korona, sioyenera minda yaying'ono. Kupatula chimodzi - mawonekedwe a pendula ndi kuyika ngati mtengo waukulu wabanja pakona ya chiwembu. Mphamvu ya mtengo wapamwamba uja m'mundamu ndi wamatsenga chabe: nkhanu zikamakula, zimawonetsa mlengalenga. Zimakopa maso, ndipo ngakhale zili zazikulu kwambiri, sizimabisa malo, koma zimapereka kukongola, kuya, kukula, ndikugogomezera malo okongola. Zikuwoneka kuti zisandutsa mundawo kukhala paki kapena nkhalango yayikulu, kusintha mozizwitsa mawonekedwe amalo.

Rock Oak ndiwabwino:

kupanga masikono;
ngati "banja" limodzi;
kupanga magulu akulu akulu ndi magulu;
ngati mtengo wakumbuyo;
kupanga malo abwino osangalatsa mthunzi mu malo akulu;
monga kofunikira kwambiri pakuwumba madera akuluakulu.

Mitengo ya mwala ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zothandizira banja, kupanga malo abwino omasuka. Wina akufuna kukhala pansi pazithunzithunzi zakale zamtunduwu; ndi abwino popanga mabenchi ozungulira ozungulira thunthu.

Rock Oak (Quercus petraea). © Justin Davis

Zochitika Pathanthwe Oak

Ndikosavuta kupeza mtengo wopanda ulemu komanso wosinthika ngati mtengo waukulu wamiyala. Imatha kukula pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse, ngakhale imakhala yokongola kwambiri pamtunda wonyowa kapena wouma, wapakati komanso wopanda chonde, womwe umalola kuti izitha kukula msanga. Ndiwofewetsa mitengo.

Kubzala Mwala

Mukabzala mitengo yamiyala yamiyala, muyenera kuganizira kuti izikhala m'gawo lonselo. Mizu imakula choyamba ndipo patadutsa zaka zochepa thundu limalanda dothi lomwe limafunikira kwa zaka mazana ambiri amalimidwa. Pomwe korona amakula kwa zaka makumi ambiri.

Achichepere mmera, makamaka muyenera kusankha nthawi yobzala. Ndikwabwino kumuyika toyesa ndi mbande za miyala yamiyala kumayambiriro kwa chaka chakuthengo, kotero kuti kusintha kwa mizu kumatsirizika ngakhale masamba atayamba kutulutsa ndi masamba. Zisanatengeke mu mbewu zakale kuposa zaka 2, mbewu zomwe zidatengedwa ndi mbewu zimafupikitsa pakati mpaka 15-20 cm kuchokera komwe acorn (ngakhale mchaka chachiwiri, zotsalira zake zimawonekabe). Kwa mbande zapachaka ndi mitengo yazithunzithunzi, kupendekera sikuchitika. Popanda kufupikitsa, mitengo ya thundu imatha kusunthidwa kumalo atsopano kokha ndikusungidwa kwathunthu kwa mizu

Oak amabzalidwa m'maenje ofanana ndi kukula kwa mizu. Pa dothi lonyowa, dothi lokwanira ndowa (koma osapitirira 20 cm) liyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa dzenjelo. Khosi la thundu liyenera kukhala lofanana ndi dothi (poganizira mpweya).

Miyala yamiyala pakugwa. © Gaby

Rock Oak Care

M'malo mwake, ndi mbewu zazing'ono zokha, makamaka zodulidwa zokha ndi mbande, zomwe zimafunikira chisamaliro. Ndikwabwino kuteteza mbande zazing'ono ku maudzu ndikuchita ulimi wothirira nthawi yayitali. Popanda chisamaliro chotere, zikumera zimamera pang'onopang'ono. Pakatha mwezi ndi theka masamba asanakhazikike, ngakhale mitengo yochepa ya thundu, kuthilira kuyimitsidwa, chifukwa mbewuyo singakonzekere bwino nthawi yachisanu. Kuti muchepetse chitukuko, munthu amatha kupereka chovala chapamwamba chimodzi ndi feteleza wazakudya zambiri pachaka, koma nthawi zambiri safunikira miyala yamiyala ngakhale ali mwana. Pambuyo pazaka zakubadwa za 3-4, mitengo yazithunzu samathirira madzi osadyetsa, kuchotsa maudzu, kulimitsa kapena kubzala chimakwirira chimangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zokongoletsera.

Rock Oak Zima

Mtundu wa thundu amautenga wolimba kuposa wamba, koma mawuwa amangogwira ntchito kwa mphukira zazing'ono. Mu zaka ziwiri zoyambirira zaulimi kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kuteteza mitengo ya oak osachepera ndi dothi ndi mulching, kukhazikitsa kutentha. Mbande imodzi imatetezedwa bwino kwambiri m'nthawi yachisanu yoyambirira ndi chilichonse chivundikiro kapena nthambi za spruce. Mitengo yamchere imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndi ukalamba.

Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda

Ngakhale mtengo wa Oak ulibe zipatso, Oak sakhala mtengo wamitengo wolimbikira kwambiri. Mitengo yaying'ono nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi phokoso la ufa. Mitengo yayikulu ikulu imakhala necrosis, zilonda zam'mimba, zotupa zam'mimba, zowola, koma nthawi zambiri ma midges opindulitsa amapezeka pamiyala yamiyala yayitali - pamasamba mipira yokhala chikasu mpaka masentimita awiri imakula ngati zipatso, kubisala mphutsi kapena ndudu. Zizindikiro za matenda zikawoneka, ndibwino kuyamba kupopera mankhwala ophera tizirombo ndi tizirombo nthawi yomweyo.

Kubadwa kwa Rock Oak

Mtengo wa thundu amathanso kudulidwa kuchokera ku mbewu. Amakhala ndi mphamvu pokhapokha kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa, osaloleza kusungidwa m'malo owuma. Chithandizo chisanachitike chimachepetsedwa kuti ziume kaye patadutsa sabata limodzi kuchokera pakusungidwa ndi kusungidwa m'malo otentha. Musanafike kufesa, muyenera kuyang'ana ma acorns. Kunja, ndizosatheka kudziwa mtundu wawo. Kuti muwone, ma acorn angapo amatsegulidwa, ndikuwunika ngati pali mandala amoyo, achikasu kapena ofiira ofiira. Mutha kuyang'anitsitsa miyala yamiyala yamiyendo ndikunyowa m'madzi (ma acorn atayandama). Kuti muchepetse njirayi, nthawi zina gwiritsani ntchito njira yosonkhanitsa zipatso zophukira mutangotola chipale chofewa, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi mbewu yotsimikizika. Pankhaniyi, ndikwabwino kubzala acorns nthawi yomweyo, osawasungitsa nthawi yayitali komanso chinyezi.

Mbewu za miyala yamiyala ithafesedwa nthawi yayitali mutakolola, kapena kusungidwa mumchenga wonyowa mpaka kubzala kwa masika (pamtunda wa pafupifupi madigiri 0 kapena pang'ono pang'ono). Ndikwabwino kufesa panthaka (kumera mpaka 90%), kuzama ndi masentimita 5-6 pakudzala kwa yophukira ndi masentimita 2-3 mu nthawi yophukira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chinyezi chofananira mpaka kumera. M'dzinja kufesa zipatso zatsopano, kubzala kumachitika pamaso pa chisanu choyamba ndipo nthawi zonse chisanachitike chipale chofewa. Kumphuka - atatha kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa ndikusungunula nthaka. Rock oak acorn ndi bwino kuyikidwa mu mzerewo mtunda wa 20-25 masentimita pakati pa mizere, kufalikira pang'ono, ndi mtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita 7-10 pakati pa mbewu. Zipatsozi zimakanikizidwa m'nthaka, yokutidwa ndi nthaka kuchokera pamwamba popanda chogwirira. Sikoyenera kuchita mantha ndi kusowa kwa zizindikiro za kukula: poyamba, muzu wolimba umayamba mu mtengo, ndipo pokhapokha - tsinde. Chifukwa chake, kumera kumatenga zoposa mwezi, ndipo kumatha kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali. Mphukira imatha kusamutsidwira kumalo osatha pazaka chimodzi, koma ndi bwino kumera pamapeto mpaka chaka chachiwiri, kusinthidwa masukulu kwa chaka chimodzi kuti mupeze mizu yaying'ono kenako ndikubzala pamalo okhazikika.

Mutha kufalitsa miyala yamiyala ndi zodula. Mankhwala ndi chopatsa mphamvu mu muyezo wowonjezera kutentha mikhalidwe, palibenso mizu? wa zodulidwa zonse, koma mbewu zimamera mwachangu kuposa zomwe zimapezeka pambewu.