Zinsinsi za kusamalira masamba a zipatso

Mabulosi a zamaluwa, kapena sitiroberi, ndiwo mabulosi okondedwa kwambiri osati ana okha, komanso achikulire. Ndizokoma, zathanzi, ndikukonzekera bwino. Komabe, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti sizovuta kuti izi zikule, ndipo chifukwa chake sakhala achangu kuti abereke ambiri. Koma zoona zake, zonse zimatengera njira yoyenera yachikhalidwe. Tiloleni tikambirane zinsinsi za mitengo yaidambo.

Mitundu ya chinanazi, kapena Udzu wamtchire, kapena Strawberry-yayikulu zipatso (Fragaria ananassa). © Alpsdake

Nambala yachinsinsi 1. Mbande zapamwamba zokha

Palibe nkhani kwa wina aliyense kuti nsomba yotchuka kuti "yotsika mtengo ndi yushka" siimangonena za msuzi. Lamuloli ndi loyenereradi pakusankhidwa kwa mbande za sitiroberi. Tsoka ilo, poyesa kupulumutsa ndalama, nthawi zambiri timagula zinthu zodzala zochepa, mwakutero tikuchedwetsa kulandira zipatso zomwe zatsala kale, nthawi zina kwa chaka chathunthu. Mbande zapamwamba ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zithe kupulumuka mwachangu, kuthekera kwakukulu kwa mbewu ndi zotsatira zabwino za ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa iwo.

Kodi kugula ndi chiyani?

Mukamasankha mitundu yatsopano ya zipatso zamasamba, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana mkhalidwe wa mbewu zomwe akufuna. Njira yabwino ndi mbande zachaka chilichonse zomwe zimamera mumbale imodzi iliyonse, pomwe timapepala ta 2 mpaka 3 timakhala ndi mizu yosachepera 5 cm.

Kodi sizoyenera kugula?

Osagula mbande ngati ili ndi mawonekedwe osafunikira, zizindikiro za matenda, mizu yotseguka. Inde, zinthu zobzala zotere ndi zotsika mtengo, koma kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kotsika, ndipo matendawa omwe alipo alipo amatitsimikizira kuti mbewu yofooka mwadala komanso kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito ndalama kuti ithe.

Mbande za sitiroberi munda. © Forest ndi Kim Starr

Nambala yachinsinsi 2. Kusankha malo

Masamba obiriwira ndi chikhalidwe chosangalatsa, choncho, kuchuluka kwake kwa mfundo zofunika kukhala kofunika kwambiri, pankhani yofunika posankha malo. Ngati mukufuna kupeza zipatso zambiri kuchokera pamalowo ndikukhala ndi mbewu zopangidwa mwaluso - mabedi amayenera kuyikidwa kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera.

Kuphatikiza apo, wotsogola woyenera ndikofunikira kwa sitiroberi zam'munda. Palibe chifukwa choti zibzalidwe pambuyo mbatata kapena phwetekere (matenda wamba ngati iwo), pafupi kapena pambuyo plums (zimakhudzidwa chimodzimodzi ndi weevil ndi aphid). M'pofunika kusankha mabedi azomera zamtchire pambuyo pa adyo, anyezi, katsabola, nandolo, komanso pambuyo pa siderates monga lupins, vetch, oats, radish ndi marigold.

Mabedi ofunda amakhalanso malo abwino azibzala manyowa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala okonzeka kugwa, komabe, ngati nthawi yatayika, mutha kugwira ntchito zonse mu kasupe: ndibwino kuti mudzaze zinyalala ndi manyowa, kompositi, phulusa, zotsalira za masamba, masamba akale. Ndikosavuta kuyang'anira mabedi oterowo, amapereka zokolola m'mbuyomu, ndikosavuta kuphimba nyengo yachisanu.

Ndipo kumbukirani, sitiroberi za m'munda zimakonda dothi lotayirira!

Sitiroberi yamtchire, zipatso za ovary. © Forest ndi Kim Starr

Chinsinsi chachitatu. Kubzala mbewu zazing'ono

Tsopano popeza malowa asankhidwa ndikukonzekera, ndikofunikira kubzala mbande moyenera. Ndipo apa, nawonso, pali malamulo.

Choyamba, kapangidwe ka tchire la sitiroberi ndikofunikira pachibale china chilichonse: masentimita 50 mzere ndi kuchokera 50 mpaka 70 masentimita pakati pa mizere, ndipo mbewu ziyenera kuzimiririka. M'lifupi mwa mabedi mukabzala mizere iwiri ingakhale yozungulira 80cm mpaka 1m. Izi sizimangopereka mwayi ku chitsamba chilichonse, komanso mpweya wabwino wazomera (zomwe ndiz njira zopewera matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo tina), komanso mwayi wofesa pofesa podulira masharubu ndi kukolola. Ndikulima mzere umodzi, mtunda pakati pa tchire ndi pakati pa mizere uzikhala 50 cm.

Kachiwiri, gawo lalikulu posamalira mbewu ndi zokolola zoyamba, zimasewera nthawi yobzala. Ngati mbande yabzalidwa mu nthawi ya masika - muyenera kuyigwira isanakwane zaka khumi ndi zitatu za Meyi, m'chilimwe - m'masiku omaliza a Ogasiti - m'masiku 10 oyambirira a Seputembala. Nthawi za kugwa kwa chilimwe ndizofunikira, chifukwa kubzala kumene kumafuna kukonza pang'ono ndipo mbewuyo imakhala yotsimikizika chaka chamawa.

ChachitatuMusanadzalemo mbande mumabowo, iyenera kukhala yokhala ndi chinyezi. Kuti muchite izi, mbewu zazing'ono zokhala ndi mizu yotseguka, ngati mwalandira izi, zimayikidwa m'madzi ndikuwonjezera kwa madontho atatu a mankhwalawa HB-101 pa 1 lita imodzi yamadzi (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Kornevin), kufikira kukula kwa masamba ndikuchoka kwa maola 8 - 10. Ngati mbande zili m'mbale zapulasitiki - zimayikidwa m'madzi kwa mphindi 10 mpaka 20, ngati mumphika wa peat masekondi 30. Komabe, mbewu zomwe zili m'mbale zikho zingathe kuthiriridwa mokwanira ndi njira yolimbikitsira mizu ola limodzi musanabzala.

Rosette dimba mabulosi. © Forest ndi Kim Starr

Ndipo tsopano chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Mukabzala mbande mumabowo, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mizu ya sitiroberi siigwada! Kuti muchite izi, mbewu iliyonse imachotsedwa mumphika, ndikuwongolera mizu yake ndikudula mizu 10 cm. Ngati izi sizingachitike, ndiye kuti chilichonse chomwe chapindika chidzawola, ndipo chitsamba cha sitiroberi chimatsalira kumbuyo, chomwe chidzakhudza kukolola. Kuphatikiza apo, msana uyenera kuyanjana kwambiri ndi nthaka. Kuti tichite izi, timabyala pamiyala yokhazikika, ndikufalitsa mizu yoyandikana ndi dongo, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira yonyowa - kuthira dzenje m'madzi ndikuthira pansi pang'onopang'ono m'madzi.

Ndi zina. Mukabzala sitiroberi, muyenera kuyang'ana kuti mtima wokomera uli pamlingo, osati wapamwamba osati wotsika. Ngati ikayikidwa m'manda, chomera chimafa: ngati chakwera kumtunda, chimatha.

Chinsinsi 4. Kusamalira bwino

Mabedi akangobzala, sitiroberi nthawi yomweyo amawiyika. Njirayi imakuthandizani kuti musunge chinyontho mozungulira mbewu zazing'ono, mumateteza ku namsongole ndikuwonjezera zakudya zina. Kusamalira kwina, lingalirani kutengera zaka komanso nthawi yobzala.

Chaka choyamba

Ngati mabulosi abzyala mchaka, ndiye kuti maluwa omwe amawonekera amayenera kuchotsedwa kuti tchire limere zipatso zochuluka pazilimwe. Inde, ambiri aife Pepani kuchita izi, koma ndiwo fungulo lakukolola kwathunthu chaka chamawa.

Kuphatikiza apo, kulimbikitsa kubzala kwa masika, ndikofunikira kupanga mavalidwe apamwamba a sabata (kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa masamba, kuphatikiza kuchokera kumunsi) ndikukonzekera kwa Radiance-1 (1 tbsp.spoon pa 10 l yamadzi), kuphatikiza ndi kukonzekera kwa Gumistar (makapu 0,5 pa Malita 10 amadzi), ndipo kamodzi pamwezi ndikuphatikizira magawo khumi a kukonzekera bwino kwa “Thanzi Labwino” kapena “Ecuberine”.

Ngati mabulosi obzalidwa nthawi yophukira, chinthu chachikulu chomwe muyenera kusamalira ndikuti mbewu zazing'onozi zimalekerera nthawi yachisanu. Chifukwa cha izi, mizere ya sitiroberi imabzalidwa manyowa obiriwira kapena yokutidwa ndi mabedi a agrofibre. Chaka chotsatira, maluwa ochokera kubzala oterowo samachotsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zitheke.

Chaka chachiwiri ndi chachitatu

Chaka chachiwiri chakakulidwe kwa sitiroberi chimafunikanso kuvala pafupipafupi komanso nthawi yoyamba - ngakhale isanayambike nyengo yofunda. Nthawi yomweyo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera komweko Radiance-1, koma pokhapokha masipuni awiri pa 10 malita a madzi ndi kuthirira pansi pa chomera. Njirayi imayambitsa mabakiteriya odula ndikuyamba kuwotcha nthaka, chifukwa cha msuzi wake amathanso kukolola sabata limodzi kale. Pazifukwa zomwezo (kupeza zokolola zakale), mutha kuwaza mbewuzo ndi kukonzekera kwa HB-101 (madontho 30 pa malita 10 amadzi) ndikuphimba bedi ndi chilichonse chivundikiro.

Ponseponse, kuthirira katatu kowonjezera kuyenera kuchitika pakulima, ndipo onse asanatulukire dzira: woyamba - mutatsuka mabedi kuchokera masamba owuma, wachiwiri - pamene ma peduncles amawoneka ndipo omaliza - maluwa oyamba atawonekera. Pankhaniyi, Radiance-1 ndi Radiance-2 alternate. Ngati iwo kulibe, kulowetsedwa kwa vermicompost kapena Gumistar kulinso bwino.

Zowonongeka ndi chisanu sitiroberi wamaluwa. © Rasbak

Komabe, ngati mumakhulupilira njira za wowerengeka za feteleza, ndiye kuti kusankha kavalidwe ka masika ndikwabwino kuti mupange mawonekedwe a mankhwala azitsamba, manyowa a mahatchi kapena Orgavit, kapena manyowa a nkhuku - ndiwo omwe amayenera kwambiri pachikhalidwe ichi. Ndikofunikira kuti singayike mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, koma ndiyofunikira kuilumikiza kwa sabata limodzi ndi magawo 1 mpaka 3 amadzi, ndikuthiranso ndi madzi molingana ndi 1 x 20.

Kuti mupereke maziko a zokolola zotsatila, zipatso zitasankhidwa, ndikofunikira kupanga chovala chomaliza, koma nthawi ino ndi kulowetsedwa kwazitsamba ndikuwonjezera kwa Radiance-3, Gumistar, nitrophoska kapena feteleza wina aliyense wowonjezera ndi kuwonjezera makapu 0,5 a phulusa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.

Koma lamuloli ndi la mitundu wamba ya sitiroberi - Mitundu ya remontant imayenera kudyetsedwa sabata iliyonse nyengo yonseyo.

Gawo lina lofunikira mu kasamalidwe koyambirira kwa chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wa sitiroberi ndikuyeretsa masamba kuchokera kumasamba owonongeka ndikuchiza ma jeremusi motsutsana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Imachitika nyengo ikangovomera, pomwe kuli bwino kuti sing'ang'ambe masamba ndi kachoko kapena manja, koma aduleni ndi lumo kuti musawononge chitsamba.

Ndi bwinonso kudziwa njira zothanirana ndi matenda a zipatso zodabwitsazo. Kwa izi, kukonzekera uku ndikoyenera: Chilolezo cha kalabu (5-lita imodzi ya botolo lamadzi), HB-101 - mankhwala othandizira chitetezo chomera, Healthy Garden, Ecoberin (supuni 10 zamadzi, 10 granules, 20 granules, motsatana).

Sitiroberi wamtchire. © Bjoertvedt

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambira nyengo yamasika komanso nyengo yonse yachilimwe, sitiroberi bedi liyenera kukhala lonyowa! Nazi njira zosiyanasiyana zabwino - kuthirira kwamtundu wanthawi zonse (kwa mbewu!) Ndi mulching wathunthu ndi udzu, utuchi wapamwamba, udzu wouma kapena udzu wotchetchera; kukapanda kuletsa. Njira yachiwiri ndiyopindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa sizifunikira ndalama zogwirira ntchito nthawi zonse ndipo imapereka kufafaniza kwathunthu.

Ndipo palibe kumasula! Mizu ya sitiroberi ili pafupi ndi nthaka ndipo sakonda kusokonezedwa!

Nambala yachinsinsi 5. Zosintha zambiri

Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, mabedi a sitiroberi okhala ndi zipatso za nthawi imodzi amatha kubereka zipatso m'malo amodzi kwa zaka 4, koma kuchita kumawonetsa kuti ndibwino kusiya masamba a sitiroberi pabedi lomwelo kwa zaka zopitilira 3. Kukonzanso mitundu kumakhala malo amodzi osaposa zaka ziwiri.

Kunena zambiri:

Mulch

Kufunika kwa mulching mukulima masamba a zipatso zamtchire sikungakhale kopambana. Mulch ndi wabwino kuteteza zipatso kuti zisanyowe, komanso kuteteza mbewu ku zowola imvi, ndikuchotsa ma slgs ndi nkhono. Komabe, kuti igwire ntchito mulching 100%, ndiyofunika kuichita nyengo yonseyo, pang'onopang'ono kubweretsa udzu kapena zinthu zina kutalika kwa 10 - 15. Ndipo kuti kutulutsa kwam michere kuchokera pamenepo ndikokwanira, ndikofunikira kuyika pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse kwenikweni mbewu zingapo za kukonzekera "Radiance-2".

Kuti ndikhale wotsimikiza, ndikuwonjeza: ku Europe, sitiroberi ndi udzu sizingafanane, m'malo ena chikhalidwe ichi chimatchedwa "mabulosi a udzu".

Masamba athanzi a munda wa sitiroberi. © Forest ndi Kim Starr

Kudulira masharubu

Kutenga masharubu ndi funso linanso losangalatsa kwa alimi ambiri amateur. Kuti muchotsere zipatso zamtchire zambiri zimayenera kuchotsedwa! Njirayi imapereka chisamaliro chapafupi kwambiri pabedi, kukolola mosavuta, prophylaxis motsutsana ndi imvi zowola, koposa zonse, mabulosi akuluakulu. Ndipo pakufalikira kwa mitundu, ndikofunikira kuti mayi azimwa - maluwa amachotsedwamo!

Kudula pambuyo pakupanga zipatso

Mukakolola mitundu yotayidwa, ndikofunikira kudula osati ma foloko omwe achoka ku zipatsozo, komanso timapepala tomwe timayambitsa matendawa, komanso masamba apansi a masamba omwe adalipo kale. Ngati mbewu zakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda - masamba amachotsedwa kwathunthu. Kukonzanso mitundu kumakonzedwa mu April.