Mabulosi a mtundu wa Morberry (Morus), omwe amatchedwanso mtengo wa mabulosi, ndi mtengo wabwino wochokera ku banja la a Mulberry. Malinga ndi zomwe zachokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, mtunduwu umagwirizanitsa mitundu 17-24. Zomera zachilengedwe izi zimatha kupezeka m'malo otentha kwambiri a ku Africa, North America ndi Asia. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri imaphatikizapo mabulosi oyera, michere ya silkworm pamasamba ake, ma pupae awo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga silika wachilengedwe. Pansi pa Ivan Zoopsa, Russia idadziwa kale za mabulosi, pa nthawiyo fakitale yopanga silika idapangidwa momwe nsalu yabwino kwambiri idapangidwira kunyumba yachifumu. Nawonso, Peter ndidaletsa kudula mabulosi mumagawo a boma, chifukwa idawonedwa ngati yamtengo wapatali. Nkhuni zowonda, zotanuka komanso zolemeranso ndizofunika kwambiri; ku Central Asia imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zaluso zosiyanasiyana, zida zamaimbidwe ndi migolo.
Mawonekedwe a Mabulosi
Ngakhale mabulosi ali aang'ono, amadziwika ndi kukula kwambiri, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi amayamba kuchepera. Zotsatira zake, kutalika kwa mtengo wotere sikupita mamita 15. Masamba osavuta masamba nthawi zambiri amatayidwa, amakonzedwa nthawi zonse ndikuwasanjika m'mphepete. Mbale inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, omwe ndi akazi kapena amuna (dioecious). Komabe, pali mabulosi oterewa omwe maluwa ndi akazi ndi amuna (ofanana) amatha kutsegulidwa nthawi yomweyo. Kutalika kwa zipatso za mabulosi amtunduwu kumayambira 20 mpaka 30 mm, ndi zipatso zabodza, kapena, kuphatikiza limodzi lonse ndi mitundu ina (kuchokera pofiirira wakuda, pafupifupi wakuda, mpaka woyera). Mtengowu umasiyanitsidwa ndi kusabereka kwawo, umatha kukula ndikukula bwinobwino, ngakhale mutakhala kuti simusamala konse. Mtengo wa mabulosi umayamba kubereka zipatso mchaka chachisanu cha moyo. Kutalika kwakanthawi kantchito zoterezi ndi pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri, masiku ano pali zikhalidwe pafupifupi 500.
Wodziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya mitengo ya mabulosi - yakuda ndi yoyera, pomwe amasiyana mtundu wa makungwa, osati chipatso. Mumtengo wa mabulosi, khungwa loyera pamapazi limapakidwa utoto wowoneka bwino (kirimu, wotumbulika chikasu kapena choyera), pomwe nthambi za mabulosi akuda zimakutidwa ndi khungwa lakuda. Mpaka pano, mbewuyi ndi yofala kwambiri pachikhalidwe ngati mitengo ina yazipatso, mwachitsanzo: chitumbuwa, maula, mtengo wa maapozi, chitumbuwa, ndi zina zambiri.
Kubzala mabulosi poyera
Nthawi yobzala
Mutha kubzala mabulosi panthaka yachilimwe mu Epulo mwezi wa April usanayambike, kapena kugwa mu Seputembara ndi Okutobala, koma muyenera kuigwira nyengo yamvula isanafike. Omwe alimi ambiri amalimbikitsa kuti azikonda kubzala mu kugwa, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti ngati mtengo ungapulumuka miyezi yozizira, ndiye kuti uzikhala zaka zambiri.
Yesani kusankha malo abwino kwambiri a mbewuyi m'mundamo. Mtengo wa mabulosi umakonda madera abwino owala ndi chitetezo chodalirika ku mphepo yozizira. Mabulosi sangabzalidwe pamadambo, pamchenga kapena pa saline, komanso pamtunda pansi pamadzi osavundikira osakwana 150. Zomera zomwe maluwa amphongo okha sangathe kubala zipatso pawokha, ndizotheka kudziwa kugonana kwa mmera ukatha azikhala ndi zaka 4 kapena 5. Motere, olima odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kugula mbande za zaka zitatu zomwe zidapatsa mwana woyamba.
Kubzala mabulosi mu kugwa
Dzenje lobzala liyenera kukonzedwa osachepera masiku 15 tsiku lodzala, mtengo wake umatengera kukula kwa chomera. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mizu iyenera kuyikidwa mu dzenje momasuka. Kukula kwa dzenjelo ndi 0.5x0.5x0.5 m. Ngati nthaka ili pamalowo ndiyosaoneka bwino, ndiye kuti dzenjelo limakulirakulira, popeza manyowa kapena manyowa owola mumiyeso ya ma kilogalamu 5-7 adzatsanuliridwa pansi pake, pomwe 100 gram superphosphate. Dengali liyenera kuwaza ndi dothi, chifukwa suyenera kulumikizana ndi mizu ya chomera. Pakatha theka la mwezi mutakonzekera dzenjelo, muyenera kupitilirapo kubzala pomwepo pa mabulosi. Mizu ya mbande iyenera kuyikidwamo, ikatha kuwongoledwa, imakumba, ndipo tsinde liyenera kugwedezeka nthawi zonse, apo ayi padzakhala zochuluka m'nthaka. Mbewu ikabzalidwe, dothi lozungulira lomwe limayandikiralo liyenera kupunthwa, ndiye malita 20 amadzi amathiridwa pansi pake. Madziwo akadzilowetsa m'nthaka, pamwamba pa thunthu liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mulch. Kuti mmera wowonda ndi wofooka, mufunika thandizo, lomwe limayendetsedwa pakatikati pa dzenje musanabzale. Mtengo wa mabulosi ukabzalidwe, uyenera kumangirizidwa ndi thandizo ili. Ngati dothi lomwe lili pamalowo ndi dongo komanso lolemera, ndiye kuti pansi pa dzenje, ndikofunikira kupanga dongo la njerwa zosweka.
Kubzala masika
Kubzala mabulosi abulidwe panthaka yophukira ndi masika pafupifupi ofanana. Kusiyanako ndikuti pakubzala kasupe, dzenje limakonzedwa mu kugwa, pomwe zosakaniza zofunikira zomanga thupi zimatsanulidwamo. Kubala kumachitika kumayambiriro kwamasika, ziyenera kumalizidwa mu Epulo.
Kulima mabulosi m'munda
Kuti musamalire mabulosi omwe amabzala m'mundamu, muyenera kufanana ndi mbewu zina. Iyenera kuthiriridwa munthawi yake, udzu, kudula, kudyetsa, kukonza kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda, komanso kumasula pansi pa bwalo.
Kupanga mabulosi
Kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa mtengo ndi matenda kapena tizirombo tina, pamafunika kuchita zinthu zodzitchinjiriza, osati chomeracho chokha, komanso mawonekedwe a thunthu liyenera kuwazidwa. Mankhwala gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso fungicides. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumalimbikitsidwa m'masiku oyamba a Epulo kuti mupeze masamba, komanso mu Okutobala, pomwe nthawi yakula imatha. Yankho la Nitrafen kapena Bordeaux osakaniza (3%) likuthandizani kuthana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso tizirombo. Pakutha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ufeze mtengowo ndi yankho la urea (7%), womwe udzafafanizira tizirombo tonse tating'onoting'ono komanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, komanso timakhala gwero la nayitrogeni chomera, chomwe chimafunikira kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula.
Kuthirira mabulosi
Kupangitsa mtengo wa mabulosi kuti ukhale wosagonjetsedwa nthawi yachisanu, uyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi mpaka Julayi. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika pakakhala chilala chachikulu. Kuyambira mu Julayi, simungathe kuthirira mbewu. Ngati mu April mumakhala mvula yambiri, ndiye kuti simukufunika kuthira mabulosi.
Mavalidwe a mabulosi
Kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi mpaka Julayi, mtengo umafunika kuvala pamwamba. Chapakatikati, mbewuyo imafunikira feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ndipo nthawi yotentha - mu potashi ndi phosphorous.
Mabulosi akumatauni ndi ku Moscow
Dera la Moscow ndi Moscow ndiloti siabwino kwenikweni kubzala mabulosi ambiri. Komabe, kwanthawi yayitali kumeneko amaphunzira kulima zikhalidwe zakumwera monga apricot, mphesa, ndi mabulosi sizosowa kwambiri. Chomera chokhala ndi chipale chofewa chimatha kupulumuka chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kutentha kwa madigiri 30. Komabe, ngati nthawi yozizira imayatsidwa ndi chipale chofewa, ndiye kuti mtengo wa mabulosi ungamwalire ngakhale kutentha kuterera mpaka madigiri 7-10. Pamenepa, nthawi yodzala mabulosi m'dera la Moscow, muzu wake wa khosi suyenera kuyikidwa munthaka.
Popeza kutalika kwa maola masana ku Moscow Region sikukwaniritsa zofunikira za mabulosi, mbewu yotere, yomwe imalimidwa ku Moscow Region, imakhala ndi masamba awiri pachaka - kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira. Mtengo umakhala ndi kuthekera kwachilendo, umatha kupanga minofu ya nkhata pakati pa gawo lokhwima ndi losapsa. Zotsatira zake, mtengo wa mabulosi nthawi yophukira amatha kutaya mbali zonse za mphukira zomwe sizothandiza, zomwe zingapangitse kuti ipulumuke nthawi yozizira. Pankhaniyi, m'dzinja, osati ma masamba a masamba okha, komanso magawo a zimayambira akuwuluka mozungulira chikhalidwe chotere kumadera oyandikana ndi Moscow. Uku ndiye kusiyana kokhako pakulima mabulosi a mululosi poyerekeza ndi madera otentha.
Mabulosi ku Siberia
Mbewuyi itha kubzalidwe ku Siberia pokhapokha ngati chisanu chikukula. Izi ndizovuta kuchita, koma ndizotheka ngati mukufuna. Ngati wokonza dimba ali wofunitsitsa kukulitsa mtengo wa mabulosi m'dera lomwe lili ndi nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti ayenera kuphunzira zolemba za alimi odziwa bwino ntchito V. Shalamov ndi G. Kazanin.
Kudulira mabulosi
Kudulira mabulosi kumalimbikitsidwa panthawi yopuma pang'ono kapena yonse. Koposa zonse, mtengowo umalolera kudulira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe musanayambe kutuluka kwa madzi. Monga lamulo, odana ndi ukalamba ndikudulira mitengo ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyambira masiku omaliza a Epulo mpaka oyamba - Meyi mpaka impso kutseguka. M'dzinja, tsamba likagwa, masamba odulira amakhala aukhondo, pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya mumsewu sikuyenera kukhala kosachepera madigiri 10.
Momwe mungadulire mabulosi
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya mabulosi imakhala ndi kudulira kosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kulira mabulosi am'madzi kumafuna kudulira, komanso kufupikitsa zimayambira ndi nthambi. Popeza mtunduwu umabwezeretsedwa nthawi yochepa, ngakhale kudulira kwamphamvu kwambiri sikukuopa.
Mtengo wa mabulosi wokakamizidwa umangofunika kupangidwa korona. Kuti tichite izi, pamtengo wautali, pomwe nthambi sizikupezeka, ndikofunikira kuti mupange mawonekedwe okongola a mawonekedwe kapena kugwa kwa nthambi.
Kukongoletsa mabulosi ndizovuta kupanga. Komanso sizivuta kuti mtengowo ukhale momwe unayambira.
Kudulira mabulosi mu masika
Ngakhale chomerachi chili chaching'ono, ndikofunikira kudula nthambi zonse kuchokera kumtengo wake mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 150. Poterepa, mu chomera chachikulire, nthambi sizidzamira pamalopo. Kondakitala wosungidwayo amatha kukula mpaka mamita 5-6, pomwe akudula zitsulo zonse zopikisana. Ngati simukufuna kupanga mawu osintha, ndiye ingololani korona kukula mwachilengedwe. Mutha kupanga mtengo wamtali kwambiri, womwe ndi wosavuta kuwasamalira. Kuti izi zitheke, mphukira wowoneka bwino uyenera kudulidwa kutalika kwa 1.35-1.7 m, kenako mafupa amapangidwa, omwe ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi mtengo wamapiri wamtunda. Mtengo wotere uyenera kukhala ndi nthambi 8 mpaka 10. Chomera chikapangidwa, ndikofunikira kusunga mawonekedwe ake, chifukwa, kudula ndi kubudula zomwe zimayambira zomwe sizofunikira. Kudulira mitengo mosavomerezeka sikulimbikitsidwa, m'malo mwake, kuyenera kuthandizidwa.
Mabulosi kudulira mu kugwa
Pakaphuka masamba onse akuuluka mumtengo, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Chifukwa chake, panthawiyi ndikofunikira kuchita kudulira kovomerezeka; chifukwa izi, zonse zovulazidwa, zouma, zowonongeka ndi chisanu kapena matenda, nthambi zoonda kwambiri komanso zimayambira, komanso zomwe zimamera mkati mwa korona, ziyenera kudulidwa. Monga lamulo, mtengo wa mabulosi suyenera kukwapula kwapachaka.
Kufalitsa mabulosi
Mabulosi akhoza kufalitsidwa ndi njira yotulutsa (mbewu), komanso yowala - mwa katemera, ana, lignified ndi wobiriwira kudulidwa, komanso layering.
Momwe mungakulire kuchokera pa mbewu
Mbewu zimayenera kutulutsidwa kuchokera ku zipatso zamasiku ano kuyambira pakati mpaka masiku omaliza a Okutobala, chifukwa muyenera kuchotsa mnofu wonse. Kenako amizidwa kwa maola 1-2 mu yankho la chowonjezera chowonjezera (mwachitsanzo, Zircon kapena Epin). Pambuyo pake, zimafesedwa panthaka. Muyenera kuti mudzakhala mukugwira ntchito kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, ndiye kuti mbewu zidzasinthidwa musanachitike izi kwa masabata 4-8. Simungafunikire kuti muthe kufesa mbewu, koma pafunikira kukonzekera. Kuti muchite izi, mu nthawi ya masika, nthawi yomweyo musanafese, mbewu zimayenera kumizidwa m'madzi ozizira kwa maola 24, kenako zimatengedwa ndikusungidwa nthawi yomweyo m'madzi ofunda (kuyambira madigiri 50 mpaka 53).
Pabedi, sankhani malo abwino. Kenako muyenera kukonzekeretsa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwaza ndi madzi, mutatha kusungunula mwa iye feteleza wopangira zipatso ndi mabulosi. Mbeu za mbewuyi ndizochepa, motero tifunika kufesedwa kawirikawiri. Ayenera kuyikidwa m'nthaka ndi 30-50 mm. Bedi limafunika kuthiriridwa bwino mbewu zikafesedwa pansi, kenako pamwamba pake ndikuphimbidwa ndi mulch. Mukugwa, mulch wosanjikiza imapangidwa kuti ikhale yolimba poyerekeza ndi masika, chifukwa nthawi yozizira mbewu zimatha kuzizira. Mbande zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zimafunikira kuthiridwe madzi, namsongole ndi kudyetsedwa. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, mbande zachonde komanso zamphamvu zitha kubzalidwe, kutengera mtundu wa mabulosi, mtunda pakati pa mbewu uyenera kukhala wamphindi 3-5. Chomera chomera kuchokera pambewu chimayamba kubala chipatso patatha zaka 5 kapena 6. Njira yakulera iyi imakhala ndi tanthauzo limodzi, mtengo, womwe umalimidwa kuchokera kumbewu umalandira gawo lokhala ndi mbali zina za mbewu zomwe kholo sizimabzala kapena kuti sizimakhala nazo konse. Pamenepa, mbande zomwe zimamera motere nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masheya a mabulosi.
Kuphatikiza mabulosi ndi ana
Ngati mtengo wa mabulosi umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chisanu nthawi yozizira kwambiri, ndiye kuti mizu yake yokhazikika itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mtengo wozizira. Pa ana awa, korona amapangidwa pang'onopang'ono. Njira zosafunikira ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo ngati zingafunike, zimatha kuchotsedwa mu dothi limodzi ndi mizu, 1/3 ya zimayambira imafupikitsidwa kenako ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbande. Njirayi ndiyabwino poti ana amatha kusamalira bwino mbewu za kholo.
Kufalitsa mabulosi ndi odulidwa
Ngati mtengo ndi muzu, ndiye kuti pofalikira mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba obiriwira. Koma zovuta za njirayi ndikuti mukufunikira kukhazikitsa kwapadera komwe kungapangitse kuyimitsidwa pang'ono kwa madzi mu mawonekedwe a chifunga mu greenhouse. Kukolola kwa zodula kumachitika mu June-Julayi, panthawiyi mbewuyo ngati ikukula mwachangu kwa mabulosi. Zidula zimadulidwa kuchokera ku zimayambira, zomwe zimayenera kutalika masentimita 15 mpaka 20 ndipo zimakhala ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu. Amabzalidwa wowonjezera kutentha pamtunda wa 45 madigiri. M'dothi lotayirira, kudula kwa shank kumayenera kuponyedwa mpaka 30 mm. Pa chigwiriro, muyenera kusiya ma masamba angapo apamwamba okha, omwe amafupikitsidwa ndi gawo la ½. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti wowonjezera kutentha ali ndi malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Mphukira zazing'onoting'ono ndi mizu yamphamvu mu zomerazi ziziwonekera pofika nthawi yophukira, koma kubzala panthaka kuyenera kuyikidwanso kufikira nthawi yamasika.
Mabulosi angathenso kufalikira ndi mitengo yodula pang'ono, yomwe imakololedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi zobiriwira. Muzu kuti muthane ndi zotsekera ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndendende. Choipa cha kubereka uku ndikuti mizu ya zodula-zochepa zodula zimachitika pang'onopang'ono. Mtengo wobzalidwa mwanjira imeneyi umalandira mbali zonse za mbewu za kholo.
Kuphatikiza
Katemera wa mabulosi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zodziwika. Komabe, alimi odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuti musiye kusankha pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito (kuphatikiza pamtengo wodula). Ngati kukopera kosavuta kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti scion ndi chitsa zimaphatikizidwa, makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala ofanana.Zigawo za Oblique ziyenera kupangidwa pa chitsa ndi scion pakati pa masamba awiri, pomwe kutalika kwake kukhale kofanana ndi mulifupi mwa mbewu zomwe zidadulidwa, zochulukitsidwa ndi 4 (mwachitsanzo, ngati mainchesi a chitsa ndi scion kumezanitsa ndi 1.2 masentimita, ndiye kutalika kwa magawo kudzakhala 4.8 cm ) Gwirizanitsani zigawozi ndi zina ndi kuzikulunga ndi chilichonse kapena zotulutsa kapena tepi yotulutsa.
Chomwe chikugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndikusinthidwa kopambana ndi lilime. Kuti muchite izi, mabala ndi zitsa zimayenera kudulidwa chimodzimodzi monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kenako zimayenera kupatsidwa chithandizo ndi malilime. Ndikofunikira kupatuka kuchokera kumapeto kwa kagawo 1/3 kutalika kwake, ndiye kuti kudula kumapangidwa mpaka pakati pa kagawo pa scion kukwera ndi kutsikira. Malo odulira ayenera kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake, pambuyo pake ma tabo akuvulazidwa kotero kuti amagwirizana kwambiri. Pamapeto pake, tsamba la katemera liyenera kukulidwa ndi tepi.
Matenda a mabulosi okhala ndi chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe
Mtengo wa mabulosi umatha kukaniza matenda osiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zina umatha kudwala. Nthawi zambiri, amadwala tsamba lofiirira (cylindrosporiosis), lopindika-pang'ono-leved, powdery mildew ndi bacteriosis. Komanso mtengowo ungawononge bowo.
Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew ndi matenda oyamba ndi bowa. Mu mbewu yomwe yakhudzidwa, yoyera yophimba mawonekedwe pamitengo ndi masamba a tsamba. M'nyengo yadzuwa, matendawa amakula kwambiri mwachangu, makamaka ngati korona wa mbewuyo adakhuthala. Matenda oyamba atapezeka ndi matendawa, mtengowo umafufafaniza ndi msanganizo wa Bordeaux, Fundazole kapena kuyimitsidwa kwa sulufule ya colloidal. Pofuna kupewa m'dzinja, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ndikuwononga masamba onse owuluka.
Cylindrosporosis
Komanso tsamba la bulauni la masamba ndi matenda am'madzi. M'malo omwe mumakhala masamba, masamba ofiira omwe amakhala ndi masamba obiriwira amapangika pamtunda wa masamba. Matendawa akamakula, tinthu timene timasamba mkati mwake ndimatuluka, masamba ake amasanduka achikasu ndikuwuluka. Matenda oyamba atayamba kuzindikira matendawa, mtengowo uyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la Silite (1%). Poterepa, malita atatu a njirayi ayenera kupita ku chomera chimodzi. Kukonzanso kumachitika pambuyo pa theka la mwezi pambuyo pa woyamba.
Bacteriosis
Nthawi zambiri, achinyamata zimayambira ndi masamba a mabulosi amathandizidwa ndi bacteriosis. Malo osawoneka bwino amawonekera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi amakhala akuda. Zotsatira za kukula kwa matendawa, masamba amapindika ndikutembenuka, komanso kusinthika kwa zimayambira, pomwe mawonekedwe a chingamu amakhala pansi pawo. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala Gamair kapena Fitoflavin. Komabe, zidziwike kuti mbewu yomwe ili ndi bacteriosis siyitha kuchiritsidwa nthawi zonse. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyesetsa kupewa matenda mwakuchita pafupipafupi mankhwala othandizira.
Masamba ofiira
Zonyamula za matenda oterewa monga ma tsamba ang'onoting'ono ndi tizirombo. Mu mtengo wodwala, masamba amasowa pakati pa mitsemayo, kenako mawonekedwe amtundu wa granular. Matendawa akamakula, timbale ta masamba timapindika komanso kupindidwa, timuyo timayamba kusokonekera komanso kukhwima, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kumawonekera. Matendawa sangathe kuchiritsidwa, chifukwa chake njira zakuchinjiriza ndizofunikira. Kuti mbewuyo isatenge kachilombo, ndikofunikira kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zonsezi zimaphatikizapo tizirombo tonse tomwe timayamwa, mwachitsanzo: mavu, nsabwe, nkhupakupa, ndi zina zambiri.
Tinder bowa
Tinder bowa umakhala pamtengo ndipo zimapangitsa kuti nkhuni zake ziwonongeke. Zomera zake, zomwe zimagwera m'mabala ndi ming'alu mu kotekisi, zimayambitsa mbewu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thunthu lake liwonongeke. Pambuyo poti bowa wapezeka, uyenera kudulidwa, kulanda gawo la nkhuni, ndikuwonongeka. Zilonda zomwe zimayambitsidwa ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate (5%). Kenako iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chisakanizo, pokonzekera chomwe chikufunika kuphatikiza mandimu, dongo ndi manyowa a ng'ombe (1: 1: 2). Ngati pali zowonongeka pamakina pamtengapo ndipo chingamu chituluka mwa iwo, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa mabala awa, kenako ndikuthira mankhwala ndi yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa (1%), kenako amathandizidwa ndi yankho la Nigrol ndi phulusa la nkhuni, lomwe liyenera kuzunguliridwa, kutengedwa zigawozi motengera 7: 3.
Tizilombo ta mabulosi okhala ndi zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe
Tizirombo pa mabulosi nthawi zambiri sizitha. Nthawi zambiri, mbewuyi imavulazidwa ndi agulugufe aku America, Nyongolotsi zoyipa, nthata za akangaude ndi nenjenjete.
Gulugufe wa American Woyera
Choopsa chachikulu pamtengo wa mabulosi ndi gulugufe wa ku America Woyera. Mbozi zamtunduwu ndizobiriwira zofiirira, pamaso pawo pali timizere ta lalanje m'maso ndi njerewere zakuda. Izi mbozi zitha kukwirira masamba onse pa mabulosi. Yenderani mtengowo, kudula ndikuwononga maula omwe amapezeka. Pa thunthu, malamba okasaka apadera amayenera kuyikiridwa, ndipo korona wa mbewuyo ayenera kuthiridwa ndi Chlorophos.
Mabulosi a mabulosi
Mbawala za mbewa zimadyanso masamba a mbewuyi. Kuteteza mbewu ku tizirombo zotere, iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi Chlorophos mchaka, masamba atayamba kutupira, chifukwa ndi nthawi iyi pomwe maonekedwe a mbozi zimawonedwa.
Spider nthata
Ngati ma kangaude akakhala pamtengo, ndiye kuti masamba abwino kwambiri amatha kuwonekera. Tizilombo tomwe tili tating'onoting'ono ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo sitingathe kumuwona ndi maliseche. Komabe, nthata zotere zimakhala pachiwopsezo cha mabulosi. Nkhupakupa zimaboola pamwamba pa tsamba ndikuyamwa madziwo. Zotsatira zake, masamba amasanduka akuda ndikuwuluka mozungulira. Muyeneranso kudziwa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chimodzi mwazomwe chimayambitsa matenda a virus omwe sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Chingwe ndi tchire la arachnid, chifukwa chake, ndikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito acaricidal, mwachitsanzo: Actellik, Tick-bore, etc.
Chamoyo Chopweteka
Vuto lina loyamwa ndi Comfort. Imakhala pamasamba, makungwa ndi nthambi za mtengo wa mabulosi. Tizilombo timadyanso chakudya cham'mera, chifukwa chake chimafooka. Chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zotupa ndi mabala zimawoneka pamtengowo, kuwonongeka ndi kuwuma kwa nthambi kumachitika, ndipo masamba amasanduka achikaso ndikuwuluka. Kuti awononge nyongolotsi, mtengowo uyenera kuthiridwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya mabulosi omwe ali ndi kufotokoza
Mabulosi ali ndi gulu losokoneza kwambiri. Malinga ndi zomwe zachokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, mtunduwu umagwirizanitsa mitundu 17-200. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pali kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa mabulosi ambiri, omwe asayansi payekhapayekha amasiyanitsa mitundu yodziyimira payokha. Pansipa kufotokozedwa mitundu itatu ya mabulosi, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri ndi wamaluwa.
Red Mabulosi (Morus rubra)
Malo omwe mitunduyi imabadwira ndi North America. Chomera chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira, kuzindikira komanso kukana kuzizira ndi chilala. Kutalika kwa mtengo wotere kumatha kusiyana 10 mpaka 20 metres. Korona ali ndi mawonekedwe a hema. Makungwa ake amakhala a bulauni. Kutalika kwa masamba amafikira masentimita 12, amatha kukhala ozungulira, owongoka kapena ovoid, mawonekedwe awo akutsogolo amakhala amwano, ndipo mkati mwake mumamveka. Masamba masamba ali mphukira yaying'ono. Zipatso za zipatso zokoma za asidi zimafikira kutalika kwa 30 mm, zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, pafupifupi wakuda. Kunja, ali ofanana ndi zipatso za mabulosi akuda. Mabulosi amapsa m'masiku omaliza a Julayi. Nthawi zambiri, nthumwi za mtunduwu ndi zamitundu mitundu ndipo, kuti zibereke zipatso, zimafunikira amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Zomera zamonoecious ndizosowa kwambiri. Mtunduwu uli ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa - unamverera mabulosi: kunsi kwa pepalalo kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a utoto.
Black Mabulosi (Morus nigra)
Malo obadwira mtunduwu ndi Afghanistan ndi Iran. Kutalika kwa mtengo wotere wokhala ndi korona yofalikira sikungafikire mita 15. Mapepala akulu a asymmetric ali ndi mawonekedwe a dzira lalikulu, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 20, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15. Kutsogolo kwawo kuli koyipa, ndipo kumbuyo kumamveka. Zipatso zonyezimira, zakuda zimakhala pafupifupi 30 mm ndipo zimakhala ndi mkoma wokoma komanso wowawasa. Mtunduwu suthana ndi chilala, koma umakhala wovuta kwambiri nthawi yozizira kuyerekeza ndi zipatso zoyera ndi zofiira. Mitundu yatsopano inapezeka pamaziko a fomu yoyamba:
- Kukonza. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imalilidwa mumtsuko.
- Shelli No. 150. Fomu yayikulu-yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi zokolola. Kutalika kwa zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso komanso zokoma kumatha kufika 55 mm. Masambawo ndiwokulirapo, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mpaka masentimita 50. Mapepala oterowo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsera.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyotchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima: Royal, Black Prince, Black Pearl, Zipatso-4 ndi Nadezhda.
White Mabulosi (Morus alba)
Dziko lokhalamo nyama zamtunduwu ndi China, komwe imakonda kumera m'nkhalango zowola. Kutalika kwa mtengo wokhala ndi korona wowoneka bwino kungafike 20 metres. Khungwa losungunuka limakhala lofiirira. Makungwa a nthambi zachinyamata amapakidwa utoto m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyambira bulauni mpaka utoto wobiriwira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, masamba a masamba osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amatha kukula pamtengo womwewo. M'chilimwe, mtundu wa masamba ake ndi wobiriwira, ndipo m'dzinja - udzu wachikasu. Zipatso zokoma zimatha kupakidwa utoto wosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe awo amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a rasipiberi kapena mabulosi akuda. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira, chosasilira komanso kupirira m'mizinda. Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu yokongoletsera:
- Kulira. Kutalika, chomera chotere chimatha kufika 5 metres. Nthambi zake zobowola kwambiri.
- Pyramidal. Kutalika kwa mbewu zoterezi ndi korona yopapatiza ya piramidi sikupitilira 8 metres. Masamba okhala ndi masamba ambiri.
- Zozungulira. Korona wokongola amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake.
- Wopaka supuni. Mtengo wokhazikika motere umafikira pamtunda wamamita asanu. Zosongoka masamba Zipatso zimacha mwachangu.
- Makulidwe akulu. Kutalika kwa masamba ake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 22.
- Ambiri opapatiza. Mtundu wooneka ngati chitsamba uli ndi timbale ting'onoting'ono tokhala ndi masamba omwe osakhazikika komanso osalala.
- Tsamba lotayika. Zomera zoterezi ndizabwino. Mabale a masamba amagawidwa m'magulu otumphuka. Ma loboti ofananira nawo ndi apical ndi okwera kwambiri.
- Wagolide. Mtundu wa mphukira ndi masamba achichepere ndi achikasu.
- Chitata. Mtengo wodabwitsawu umadziwika ndi kufalikira pang'onopang'ono komanso kukana kwambiri chisanu. Masamba ang'onoang'ono amakhala ambiri.
Ngati mukufuna kubzala mtengo wa mabulosi kuti muthe kubala zipatso, osakongoletsa dimba, muyenera kulabadira mitundu yobala zipatso zabwino za mabulosi oyera:
- Uchi Woyera. Pa chomera chotalikirapo chotere, zipatso zoyera kwambiri zimamera, mpaka 30 mm.
- Msungwana wa khungu lakuda. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi zokolola ndi hardness yozizira. Masamba akuda amakhala ndi kukoma kotsekemera komanso kutalika pafupifupi 35 mm.
- Chifundo choyera. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri. Zipatso zoyera zokhazokha motalika zimafika 50 mm.
- Luganochka. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri. Zipatso zotsekemera zonona zokoma zimakhala pafupifupi 55 mm.
- Baroness Wakuda. Zosiyanazo ndizosachedwa kucha nyengo yachisanu. Zipatso zokoma, zonunkhira zimafikira kutalika kwa 35 mm.
- Staromoskovskaya. Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi korona yozungulira ndizopanda chisanu. Zipatso zokoma zimakhala pafupifupi zakuda ndipo zimakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 30 mm.
- Chiyukireniya-6. Mitundu yoyambirira kucha imadziwika ndi zokolola. Zipatso zakuda kutalika zimafika mamilimita 40 kapena kupitirira.
Zotchuka ndizina monga: Diana, White Tenderness, Snow White ndi Mashenka.
Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu kwambiri: White Tenderness, Shelli No. 150, Pearl Black ndi Black Prince.
Zolimidwa m'matawuni sioyenera mitundu ya mabulosi akuda. Komabe, mitundu ina ya mabulosi oyera yalimidwa bwino kwa zaka zambiri m'matayala apakati, monga: Vladimirskaya, Korolevskaya, uchi wa Belaya ndi Staromoskovskaya.
Katundu wa mabulosi: mapindu ndi kuvulaza
Zothandiza zimatha mabulosi
Mabulosi ali ndi katundu wochiritsa, ndipo akufotokozedwa ndi anthu ake: mavitamini A, K, E ndi C, amafufuza zinthu za selenium, chitsulo, manganese, zinki ndi mkuwa, phosphorous ya macrocell, magnesium, calcium, potaziyamu ndi sodium. Kuphatikizidwa kwa zipatso zakupsa kumaphatikizapo riboflavin, pantothenic ndi folic acid, tocopherol, pyridoxine ndi choline.
Mankhwala ena aliwonse, zipatso zotere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zipatso zobiriwira zimathandizira kutentha kwapanja komanso kutsegula m'mimba, ndipo zokhwima zimakhala ndi mankhwala ofewetsa ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzimbidwa. Matenda ammero, amatsanulidwa ndi msuzi wa zipatso, womwe umaphatikizidwa ndi madzi owiritsa. Ndi matenda a bronchitis, matenda opumira kwambiri pakhungu ndi mphumu ya bronchial, kulowetsedwa kwa zipatso ndi khungwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Monga antipyretic wothandizira kutentha thupi, kulowetsedwa kwa masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi matenda oopsa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito decoction ya khungwa ndi mizu, yomwe ili ndi diuretic. Akatswiri amalangiza munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la m'mnyewa wamatumbo ndi matenda amtima kuti adye zipatso zambiri za mabulosi momwe angathere: 4 pa tsiku, 0,3 kg iliyonse kwa masabata anayi.
Decoction ya zipatso zouma iyenera kuledzera ndi kusowa tulo komanso kupsinjika, popeza imakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri a B, omwe amathandizira pakupanga zakudya zama protein komanso mapuloteni, komanso amathandizira ntchito yamanjenje.
Zipatso zimalimbikitsidwanso kudya nthawi yobwezeretsa pambuyo pakuchita opareshoni, komanso munthawi yodzaza thupi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti magnesium, potaziyamu ndi quercetin zomwe zimapezeka m'mazipembedzo zimathandizira pa hematopoiesis.
Fomedol wa mankhwala, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera masamba a mabulosi ku Vietnam, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a pakhungu ndi rheumatism.
Makungwa odzaza, ophatikizidwa ndi mafuta, amathandizira kuchiritsa, mabala, mabala ndi zilonda zazifupi munthawi yochepa. Ngati mphete imamizidwa ndi msuzi watsopano wa zipatso kangapo patsiku, ndiye kuti imazimiririka mwachangu. Komabe, koposa zonse, mabulosi ali mu amodzi mwa malo oyamba malinga ndi zomwe zili potaziyamu. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito ndi hypokalemia (kusowa kwa potaziyamu m'thupi).
Zitha kuvulaza
Mabulosi amatha kuvulaza kokha ngati munthu ali ndi vuto lakelo. Ngati mumadya zipatso zambirimbiri, mwina mumakhumudwa. Zomwezi zimawonedwa pakudya zipatso zosapsa. Kumbukiraninso kuti msuzi ndi zipatso za mtengo wa mabulosi sizabwino bwino pamodzi ndi timadziti ndi zipatso zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kupsa m'matumbo. Pankhaniyi, ayenera kudyedwa payokha (maora angapo asanafike ndi maola awiri mutadya wina).
