Delphinium kapena duwa ndi nthano

Dzinali limalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a duwa. A Greek, makamaka Dioscorides, (m'zaka za zana loyamba mu ntchito yake yayikulu "On Medicines" amafotokoza mankhwala onse odziwika a chomera, nyama ndi mchere) poyerekeza masamba ndi mutu wa dolphins (delphinos). Ku Russia adatchedwa "spur", ku Germany - "spightly spurs", ku England - "spurs oseketsa", komanso ku France - "miyendo yopepuka".

Nthano yachi Greek imati nthawi ina m'modzi wachinyamata yemwe anali ndi mphatso amakhala ku Old Hellas, yemwe, pokumbukira, adakola chibwenzi chake chakufa ndikufutukula moyo. Chifukwa cha kunyansidwa kumeneku, milungu inam'sandutsa dolphin. Kamodzi mtsikana wopatsidwanso mphamvu adafika pagombe la nyanja ndikuwona m'mafamu dolphin, yomwe idasinthira kumtunda ndikuyika maluwa pang'ono kumapazi kwa wokondayo, ndikuwulutsa kuwala kadzimu. Unali duwa la delphinium.

Nkhani

Ma botinard oyendayenda anasonkhanitsa mbewu padziko lonse lapansi ndikubwera nazo kudziko lakwawo.. Poyamba, ma dolphiniums apachaka adalowetsedwa mu chikhalidwe, makamaka, oyipa komanso akum'mawa. Mtundu wosakanizidwa wotchedwa Ajax delphinium unachokera pakuwoloka mitunduyi. Ili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa: yoyera, yapinki, ya lilac, lavenda, yamtambo, yofiirira. Koma kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 17, olima maluwa ndi obereketsa adayamba kukopeka ndi mitundu yosatha, ndipo choyambirira, ma dolphiniums ndi okwera, labyrinth, lalikulu maluwa.

Kufotokozera

Larkpur, delphinium, spur (lat. Delphínium)

Mitundu imalumikiza pafupifupi 400 mitundu yazomera zamtundu wa pachaka komanso zophukira zomwe zimamera m'malo otentha a North Hemisphere, mitundu ingapo imachokera kumapiri aku Africa.

Zomera ndizitali 50-200 masentimita, ndipo zimagawanika kanjedza, osanjidwa bwino kapena masamba abwinobwino, masamba owonda pang'ono osanjidwa motere. Mitundu ina imavundidwa ndi ma hummingbird, chifukwa enanso amalandila alendo osiyanasiyana. Izi ndichifukwa chakapangidwe kamaluwa. Duwa losavuta, losakhala lachiphiri la delphinium lili ndi manda achikuda asanu, omwe kumtunda kwake kumakhala kokhazikika. Pakatikati pa duwa pali timapepala tiwiri tokhala ngati timiyala tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono, timene timatchedwa staminode. Amapangidwa utoto mosiyana ndi manda, ndipo amatchedwa kuti diso kapena njuchi. Cholinga chachikulu cha staminoids ndi kukopa mungu wazomera. Chipatsocho ndi tsamba limodzi kapena ambiri. Mbewu ndi yaying'ono, yosunga kumera kwa zaka 3-4. Mu 1 g 600-700 zidutswa. Mwatsatanetsatane wazambiri za mbiri yaulimi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ...

M'minda ndi m'mapaki, sikuti ma dolphiniums omwe amapezeka okha, komanso mitundu yamtchire. Odziwika kwambiri ndi zomera zazing'ono, komanso delphiniums okhala ndi maluwa ofiira ndi achikasu. Mitundu ina yaosatha nthawi zina imakulitsidwa ngati zopangidwa ndi nyengo kuti izidulidwe.

Tikufika

Mukabzala delphinium, dzenje loyera 40x40x40 masentimita limakonzekera chitsamba chilichonse. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu uyenera kukhala osachepera 50. Malo omwe mukubzala ndi dzuwa komanso lopanda mphepo, chifukwa mbewuzo zimakhala zofooka kwambiri ndipo zimasweka mosavuta. Gwirani ntchito yogawa komanso kufalikira kwa delphiniums kuti mukonzenso tchire ndi bwino kuchitidwa kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa Epulo. Mukamagawa pachitsamba, mitengo yopitilira 2-3 yasiyidwa, pomwe masamba atatu kapena mphukira zazing'ono zapangika. Tchire lamphamvu kwambiri mu kasupe, ndikusiya maudzu a 2-4, mphukira zotsala zimasweka, popeza ndi mphukira zochulukirapo ku delphinium, maluwa amakula pang'ono, mtundu wawo sukhala wocheperako, ndipo maluwa owirikiza amakhala awiri. Mphukira zosasweka yopanda chopindika 10-15 masentimita yaitali zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podzidulira pofalitsa.

Mu malo amodzi, delphiniums amatha kukula mpaka zaka 10Chifukwa chake, dzenjelo liyenera kukonzedwa bwino ndi kompositi, humus, phulusa, feteleza wophatikizira wa granular wophatikizira zinthu. Kuti mizu yake ikhale yabwino, nthaka imakhala yonyowa.

Ntchito feteleza. Kutulutsa maluwa kwa delphinium kumathandizidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi michere katatu pachaka: kasupe, musanafike maluwa, ndipo itatha.

Atamasula, timitengo timadulilidwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi dongo kuti titeteze ku madzi, apo ayi mizu imatha kuvunda. Kudulira kumayambitsa kuphukira kwatsopano, komwe nthawi zina kumaphukira mobwerezabwereza. Pakati pakatikati pa Russia, ndibwino kuti musalole maluwa mobwerezabwereza, chifukwa cha ichi pedunances imatulukira.

Chisamaliro

Kumapeto kwa Epulo, delphinium imatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa manyowa (Mullein solution mu chiyerekezo cha 1:10 mwa voliyumu) kapena mchere. Pakadali pano, feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndikofunikira kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kudzatsogolera pakupanga masamba amphamvu, mphukira zazikulu ndi maluwa. Kudya kwachiwiri koyambirira kwa June. Gawo la feteleza wa nayitrogeni liyenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, koma gawo la feteleza ndi phosphorous liyenera kuchulukitsidwa, izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti maluwa akutukuka bwino. Chovala chomaliza chomaliza chimachitika kumapeto kwa maluwa, kumangopanga feteleza ndi phosphorous (50 g / sq.m), zomwe zidzaonetsetsa kuti mbewu zabwino zikucha ndikupanga mapangidwe atsopano.

Kutsirira ndikofunikira moyenera komanso munthawi zouma zokha. Ndikofunika kuthira kamodzi moyenera kuposa kuthirira pang'ono pang'ono. Mukathirira delphiniums, pewani kuthira madzi pamasamba, chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa powdery mildew nyengo yozizira.

Mphukira zikangofika kutalika 20-25 cm, phulika mphukira zofowoka komanso zowonda, pomwe 3-5 wolimba ayenera kusiyidwa. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi inflorescence yayikulu. Mulch 2-3 cm wandiweyani ndilothandiza kwambiri.

Kenako, pakatha milungu iwiri, mathandizi amaikidwa. Mitengo ingapo yayitali imapangidwa mozungulira kuzungulira tchire, popanda kuwononga mukayikamo nthambizo. Mphukira imamangiriridwa kwa iwo ndi riboni yofewa kapena kukhazikitsa bwalo lazitsulo.

Pambuyo maluwa, mphukira zimatha kukongoletsa, pang'onopang'ono zimafa. Ngati simukufuna kutolera mbewu, ndiye kuti zimayambira zingadulidwe. Pakapita kanthawi, kuphukira kwachiwiri kwa mphukira kumayamba ndipo maluwa ena ndi otheka. Mu nthawi yophukira, masamba akafa, mphukira siziyenera kudulidwa, chifukwa zimayambira ndizopanda pake ndipo madzi amalowa, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa phokoso. Izi zimayambira zimachotsedwa mosavuta mchaka. Koma ngakhale ngati mukufuna kutola mbewu, mudzakhala ndi nthawi yochita izo kawiri, chifukwa chitatola njere yoyamba ndikudulira zitsamba zouma, mbewu zimakhala ndi nthawi yophuka ndikupanga mbewu yachiwiri. Ngakhale mutasankha zipatso zobiriwira, zimacha chipinda chofunda komanso chowuma.

Zomera zogona nthawi yachisanu sizofunikira, pokhapokha ngati chisanu champhamvu sichimagunda popanda matalala.

Kuswana

Delphinium imafalitsidwa ndi njere, kugawanika kwa thengo ndi kudula wobiriwira. Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi mbewu. Tsopano mutha kupeza pamalonda ogulitsa osiyanasiyana osakanikirana ndi mitundu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, osati penti wamba wamtambo wamtambo wamtambo (Summer Sky, King Arthur, Black Knight), komanso maluwa oyera oyera (Galahad, Arctic) ndi pinki (Astalat). Panthawi yobzala mbewu, zilembo zamtunduwu sizimafalikira kwathunthu, chifukwa cha mitundu yosakanizidwa, koma kugawanika (kupatuka) (10-30%) pofesa sikungakukhumudwitseni konse: Zomera zomwe zikupatuka pamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala ndi mtundu wosangalatsa kapena mawonekedwe a maluwa ndipo sizingakhale zochepa. ndizokongola.

Mavuto ndi kubereka mbewu ndi ena. Mbewu zimafunika stratization yovomerezeka (nthawi yozizira) isanafese. Zofesedwa nyengo yozizira isanakhazikike, pabedi kapena m'makumba osungidwa, amadzapendekera masika ndi burashi wobiriwira wakuda. Mbande yopyapyala ndikugwera pansi mu gawo la 2 - 3 masamba. Koma sikuti nthawi zonse pamakhala kubzala kwa nyengo yachisanu. Monga lamulo, amapangidwa mchaka chotseguka kapena m'mabokosi apakhonde a mbande. Kupanda kwa kwamera kupsinjika floriculturist kumalongosola mtundu wotsika wa mbeu. Madandaulo okhudza mbewu zosagwirizana za delphinium amayenera kumvedwa pafupipafupi. Tsoka ilo, sikuti nthawi zonse phukusi lokhala ndi mbeu pali chidziwitso pakufunika kwa kuwonongeka kwawo.

Kuphatikiza pa nthawi yoyenera yozizira isanafese, mbewu za delphinium zimakhala ndi zina. Amasungabe mikhalidwe yofesa kwakanthawi - zaka 1-2. Kugwa kwa kumera kwa mbeu sikukula pang'onopang'ono, monga mbewu zambiri, koma lakuthwa. Panthawi yobzala mbewu, zimamera bwino. Koma kufesa kumatha kuchepetsa. Timalimbikitsa kusunga mbewu zogulidwa mufiriji pamoto wa + 4-6 degrees. Makampani ambiri amalongedza nthangala zazing'onozing'ono, zomwe zimasungidwa mufiriji. Izi zidzakulitsa moyo wa alumali wa kufesa mbewu ndikupereka stratation yofunikira.

Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba sikumachita bwino nthawi zonse. Delphinium simalola kufalikira nthawi iliyonse: onse mbande zazing'ono ndi zitsamba zakale. Mukagawa chitsamba, muyenera kukhala osakhazikika monga momwe mungathere. Ngati mudula gawo limodzi la nthambizo ndi fosholo ndikusunthira ndi dothi lapansi kupita kumalo ena, ndiye kuti mbali zonse ziwiri za mbewu zimakonda kufa. Osati nthawi yomweyo, koma mkati mwa miyezi 1-3. Chowawa kwambiri ndikulowerera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosalala (yoyera ndi yapinki). Kuti mugawane chitsamba chakale, tikulimbikitsidwa kukumba kachilomboka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena koyambirira kwa nyengo yophukira, gawani mosamala ndi manja anu kapena kudula ndi mpeni, osawonongeka masamba opatsanso mphamvu. Malo odulira ndi yopumira amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni kapena yankho la mankhwala "Maxim".

Kufalikira kwa masamba obiriwira kumakhala kotopetsa ndipo kungalimbikitsidwe kwa mitundu yosowa komanso yofunika kubzala pang'ono kuti mukhale ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kwa odulidwa, mphukira yachinyamata yaying'ono mpaka 10 cm imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Asanabzike, odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi yankho la heteroauxin kapena kukonzekera kutengera (Kornevin, Mizu). Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa mumchenga ndi mchenga wonyowa, wokutidwa ndi kanema, wothiriridwa ndi madzi ndikumapopera nthawi zonse. Chotengera chija chimayikidwa mthunzi wocheperako. Pewani kuyanika ndi kuthirira kwamadzi, kutentha kwambiri, komanso kutentha kwadzidzidzi. Ngati ndi kotheka, bweretsani chidebe kuchipinda usiku wonse. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kuyambira sabata lachiwiri mutabzala zodulidwa masiku onse a 7- 7, makamaka ndikum kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi feteleza wosungunuka ("Mwachangu" kwa mbande ndi maluwa amkati). Osasiya odulidwa osakudikirira: chisamaliro chokhazikika chokhacho chimatsimikizira kupambana. Zomera zokhazikitsidwa bwino zimayikidwa munthaka m'malo okhazikika kumapeto kwa chilimwe.

Popeza delphiniums sakonda kuziika, yesetsani kusankha malo abwino otetezedwa ndi mphepo, makamaka mumwala pang'ono (maluwa amatentha ndi dzuwa), ndi nthaka yachonde koma yopanda chinyezi. Tchire la Dolphinium, lobzalidwa kuchokera kumizinda ndi malinga a nyumba, pakati pa tchire la rose, m'magulu pamiyala, amawoneka bwino. Ndi kuyika koyenera, delphiniums adzakula zaka 8-10, popanda kufuna chisamaliro chapadera ndi chisamaliro.

Zosiyanasiyana

Mitundu yoyambirira yodziwika kwambiri pano pakati pa wamaluwa, Delphinium hybridum (Delphinium hybridum) idawonekera mchikhalidwe m'zaka za XIX. Posachedwa, chifukwa cha luso latsopano ndi luso lamakono, obereketsa alandila mitundu yochititsa chidwi modabwitsa:

Mfumukazi Caroline (“Mfumukazi Caroline”) Chimodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri. Woyenda mwamphamvu amafikira masentimita a 180, pomwe 60-70 masentimita amagwera pa inflorescence. Maluwa awiri olimba okhala ndi masentimita ofanana ndi 6-8 masentimita oyera pamtundu wapinki.

Redine Caroline ("Red Caroline") Zosiyanasiyana zidapezeka kwa Princess Caroline, koma ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono owala, ofiira (osowa kwambiri kwa delphinium) ndi chitsamba chosalimba.

Kalulu Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi chitsamba kutalika kwa 60-70 cm zokha (inflorescence ndi kutalika 20 cm), zakhala ndi maluwa abiriwiri, amtundu wa lilac wokhala ndi chingwe chobiriwira pakati pa mitengo yam'mphepete, atasonkhana mumphepo yachilendo.

Khwangwala wakuda Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mapesi atali, osiyanasiyana maluwa, nthambo yotayirira yokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu omwe amawoneka akuda kuyambira patali, pafupi - utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi malire wakuda m'mphepete mwa miyala.

Zingwe za chipale chofewa Mitundu yokongola kwambiri yokhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera oyera omwe ali ndi "msuzi" wonyezimira m'mphepete mwa miyala.

Bonamumum Kutalika kwa mbewu 100 cm. Inflorescence ndi mtundu wabuluu, wowala. Kufalikira ndi mbewu ndi kugawikana kwa tchire. Limamasula mu Julayi ndi August.

Gulugufe wapinki Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zazikulu-zazikulu, zimakopa chidwi ndi ma piramidi inflorescence okwanira masentimita 40. Maluwa, ngati agulugufe, ndiwofatsa, a airy, apinki okongola. Limamasula mu Julayi ndi August.

Gulugufe Woyera Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi "Pinki Gulugufe", pokhapokha ndi ma inflorescence oyera.

Kusakaniza kwa Pacific Mitundu yama Dutch, okwera masentimita 180. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala limodzi ndi gulu komanso kudula. Mbewu zofesedwa mu Marichi kwa mbande. Zofesedwa poyera mu Meyi. Limamasula mu Julayi komanso mu Seputembara.

Marfinsky hybrids Delphiniums pakusankhidwa kwa Russia, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu ya Blue lace, Lilac spiral, Morpheus, Pinki dzuwa, Venus, Lavender obelisk, Mwana wamkazi wa chisanu. Zosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukula popanda kupatsirana kwa zaka zambiri popanda kutaya kukongoletsa kwake. Mitundu ya maluwa imasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kumtambo wabuluu kupita pamtambo wakuda.

Mitundu yakunja yokhala ndi maluwa akulu otseguka oyera, a pinki, amtambo abuluu ndi mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, Laurin, Thambo Lachilimwe, Thambo Lachilimwe, Usiku Wamdima, Mthunzi wa Blue, ndizofunikira kwambiri. ”(Blue Shadow)," Airlie Grey "(Grey Grey). Amalekerera nyengo yathu bwino, samatha kugwa chisanu komanso osagwa chilala.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Powdery Mildew

Ili ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe amapezeka makamaka mwachangu mu chinyezi, nyengo yozizira ya theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Utoto wofiirira womwe umawoneka pamasamba ndi zimayambira, pomwepo umasanduka bulauni. Zotsatira ndi masamba zimafa. Matendawa atha kupewedwa: tchire lambiri pang'ono, chotsani mphukira zochulukirapo, ndikupangitsa mpweya wabwino, komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ngati matendawa apezeka, ndikofunikira kupopera kawiri ndi yankho la msingi waazazole kapena mankhwala a "Topaz"

Tsamba la Ramularis.

Malo ambiri mpaka 10mm mulifupi amawonekera pamasamba mbali zonse ziwiri. Masamba ndi a bulauni, kenako otumbulukira pakati kuti ayimitse imvi ndi mkombero wakuda, pang'onopang'ono kuphatikiza. Masamba akayamba kuchuluka, masamba amawuma msanga ndikugwa. Popeza matendawa akupitilira zinyalala za mbewu, chomalizacho chimayenera kusungidwa ndikuwonongeka. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, mbewu zimapakidwa madzi ndi mankhwala antifungal.

Matenda a bacteria

Bakiteriya wakuda.

Masamba akuda akulu mosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe amawoneka pamasamba, choyamba pamasamba otsika, kufalikira pang'onopang'ono mpaka masamba onse amwalira. Zimayambira zimakhudzidwanso, kutembenukira bulauni, kuthyoka ndi kupukuta. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, masamba amatha kupulumutsidwa ndikumawaza iwo kawiri ndi yankho la tetracycline (piritsi 1 pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Onetsetsani kuti mukuchotsa masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndi malowo, chifukwa matendawa akupitilira.

Matenda a virus

Kuyika mawanga.

Mphete zambiri zowoneka zachikasu zosawoneka bwino zimawonekera pamasamba. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, masamba adakutidwa kwathunthu ndi mawanga achikasu a chlorotic. Zomera zodwala ziyenera kutayidwa ndikuwonongedwa.Popeza nsabwe za m'masamba ndizonyamula matendawa, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi vuto lomaliziralo mwa kupopera mbewu zobzala za karbofos, actelik, actar, intavir, spark, ndi zina.

Tizilombo

Mwa tizirombo, zovulaza kwambiri ndi delphinium ntchentche, yomwe imayikira mazira mu masamba; Mphutsi zosaswa zimadya mbali zina za maluwa, kukukuta komanso kunjenjemera. Maluwa sapatsa mbewu ndipo imatha kugunda mwachangu.

Masamba amawononga slugs, mbozi zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka vuto lalikulu limachitika ndi aang'ono kwa mbande zazing'ono, kukukutira masamba kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina kuwononga kwathunthu.

Mutha kuthana ndi mavuto onsewa mwa kupopera ndi njira zothetsera matenda. Ndipo ma slgs amatengedwa mumisampha yokonzedwa kuchokera masamba a kabichi kapena burdock, yokutidwa ndi bolodi. Kuphatikiza apo, zidadziwika kuti a slugs samakonda kununkhira kwa bulitini, chifukwa chake amatha kuchita mantha poyika mitsuko ya bulichi m'mabowo a dolphinium.

Delphinium imakopa otetemera osati chifukwa chowoneka bwino, komanso kuti ikhale yosavuta kukonza ndikukula msanga. Chomera ichi ndi odzichiritsa, sichifunikira pogona nyengo yachisanu. Koma ili ndi zake zomwe zikukula.