Mitundu ya cymbidium ikuphatikizidwa pafupifupi mitundu zana ya ma orchid, osiyana kwambiri ndi wina aliyense kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa maluwa. Momwe amagawidwira ndi ochulukirapo, amaphatikiza Australia, India, Malaysia, Japan ndi China, komwe mbewuzi zidayamba kubzala. Kuwasamalira kunyumba kumafunika chidziwitso komanso luso la maluwa.
Mitundu yambiri yodziwika bwino kwambiri m'maluwa am'madera mwachilengedwe imamera m'mapiri, kapena, mosiyanasiyana, m'nkhalango zowirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizikhala ndi malo oyenera kukula komanso maluwa.
Onani mafotokozedwe
Zokwanira ndizokwanira Zomera zazikuluzikulu ndi masamba owondana lanceolate kapena xiphoid mawonekedwe. Pansi pa masamba pali pseudobulbs: mapangidwe akulu amtundu wa ovoid omwe amapangira madzi ndi michere.
Ma inflorescence a mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya cymbidium amafika kutalika kwa mita ndi theka, pomwe ang'ono kwambiri sapitilira masentimita 30, ndipo pali mitundu yozungulira yomwe ndi yaying'ono kwambiri.
Maluwa onunkhira bwino amatha kujambulidwa muzithunzi zofiira ndi zapinki, lalanje, kirimu, chikasu kapena zoyera. Mlomo wapamwamba wokhala ndi mbali zitatu nthawi zambiri umakutidwa pachampangidwe kapena umakhala ndi mthunzi wosiyana ndi ngale.
Maluwa a cymbidium amatha mpaka miyezi itatu., ndipo moyo wa mbewuyo uli ndi zaka 7.
Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cymbidium imakula mosiyanasiyana. Kuti muwonetsetse chisamaliro chabwino, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi chomera chiti chomwe mudagula..
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Monga ma orchid ena, ma cymbidium amatha kubalirana mosavuta komanso ndi oimira amtundu wina. Chifukwa chake, ambiri mwa malo ogulitsa maluwa a cymbidium omwe amapezeka m'mashelefu ndi ma hybrids.
Zitha kukhala mbewu zazikuluimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula, komanso kukula kwamaluwa akuluakulu, komanso kudyedwa ndi obereketsa aku America mitundu yaying'ono yaying'ono.
Micro-cymbidium ndiyotsatira yachindunji yazomera.Ali ndi utoto wowala ndipo safuna zambiri pamakhalidwe awo pokula kuposa ana awo amtchire. Ma hybrids ena amakhala ndi masamba okongoletsedwa.
Makamaka Ma cymbidium aku Asia amadziwika ndi kukongola kwawo - oimira mitundu omwe akukhala mwachilengedwe ku Japan, Korea ndi China, komanso Thailand ndi Vietnam.
Awa ndi cymbidium sinense, cymbidium ensifolium, cymbidium kanran, cymbidium goeringii ndi nsalu za cymbidium. Iwo, komanso mbewu zamitundu mitundu zochokera kwa iwo, ali ndi maluwa ochepera komanso okongola kwambiri kuposa mitundu yayikulu yosakanizidwa.
Mitundu yachilengedwe kwambiri yomwe imapezeka m'misika:
| Cymbidium Otsika | chomera chachikulu cha epiphytic chokhala ndi masamba mpaka masentimita 70 kutalika kwake ndikuyenda kwamaluwa kufikira mita kutalika. Maluwa akuluakulu obiriwira okhala ndi milomo yoyera okongoletsedwa ndi malo ofiira amakopa chidwi cha mitundu yawo ya maluwa |
| Cymbidium aloe | kakulidwe kakang'ono kwambiri kokhala ndi mizera yoyenda pafupifupi masentimita 30 mpaka 40 ndi ma pseudobulbs apang'ono kwambiri ngati mazira. Maluwa pafupifupi masentimita anayi, kuphimba kwambiri peduncle, wopentedwa utoto wachikasu, milomo ndi mikwingwirima ya mafuluu - njerwa. |
| Cymbidium lanceolate | lingaliro linanso laling'ono. Chomera chamtunda chopanda masentimita 40 mulitali. Maluwa amakhala a bulauni, mtsempha wofiirira umayenda pakati pa miyala yolimba. Mlomowo ndi woyera, wokutidwa ndi mawanga ofiira akuda ndi mikwingwirima |
| Cymbidium patali | maluwa ochepa a epiphytic orchid okhala ndi masamba owonda ndi maluwa ofiyira ofiira, okhala ndi mutu 25-30 sentimita. Mlomowo ndi woyera ndi malo ofiira |
| Cymbidium chimphona | mtundu wofanana ndi dzina lake: kutalika kwa chingwe cholimba kumafikira masentimita 60, ndipo mainchesi a maluwa ndi masentimita 10-12, komabe, kuchuluka kwawo pachomera chimodzi ndi kochepa. Mitundu ya petal imakhala yofiirira, milomo yake ndi yotupa, yopepuka, yokutidwa ndi matawulo ndi mikwingwirima yoyang'ana kutsogolo |
| Cymbidium Eburneo | malo oonera zachilengedwe ku Himalaya. Kukana kutentha pang'ono. Kuthamanga mpaka mita kutalika kwambiri, kumakhala maluwa akulu, masentimita 12 okhala ndi minyanga yayikulu yakuda komanso milomo yayikulu |
Kutulutsa kwamtundu wamitundu ndi ma hybrids omwe amapangidwa pamaziko awo amasiyana kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri cymbidiums limayamba kutulutsa kuyambira Januware mpaka Juni. Popeza mwatola maluwa malinga ndi nthawi ya maluwa, mutha kusangalala ndi maluwa okongola kunyumba nthawi yayitali.
Mitambo yogwera ya hybrid ndi mitundu ya cymbidiums ndi bwino kumangiriza, pansi pa kulemera kwa maluwa, amatha kuthyola kapena kugudubuza mphikawo pamodzi ndi chomera.
Chisamaliro cha Orchid Kunyumba
Cymbidium, monga orchid iliyonse, imafunikira chisamaliro chanyumba. Kusamalira orchid sikophweka. Kupanga microclimate yoyenera kumathandizanso pamenepa.
Kutentha ndi kuyatsa
Ma cymbidium ambiri kunyumba kuti ikule mwachangu komanso maluwa amafunika kutsika kwakukulu masana: masana kutentha kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu, + 25-30 madigiri, ndipo usiku - + 15-20 madigiri. Pakadali pano, akumva bwino kwambiri panja.
M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, amafunika nthawi yopuma - kuthirira kumakhala kochuluka, ndipo kutentha kumatsika mpaka + 10-12 madigiri. Ma pseudobul akale akale panthawiyi amuma pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti pakadzuka, mbewuzo zimasinthidwa ndi zatsopano.
Mitundu ina imamva bwino chaka chonse.. Ayenera kusungidwa + madigiri 16-16 pachaka chonse. Koma amafunikanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ma cymbidium ndi ojambula, koma kuwongolera dzuwa kungachititse kutentha pamasamba, makamaka kumapeto kwa nthawi, pomwe mbewuyo sinazolowere dzuwa lowala. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuziyika pazenera zakumpoto kapena kumadzulo, kapena kuziwombera ndi tulle masana.
Chifukwa cha kuwotcha, mawanga amdima amawoneka pamasamba a orchidZophatikiza, makamaka zazing'ono, ndizosafunikira kwambiri mkati mwa Microclimate.
Kutsirira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kuvala pamwamba
Munthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa, mbewu zimafuna kuthirira kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuyika mphikawo m'madzi ofunda pang'ono kwa maola angapo, kulola gawo laling'onolo kuti linyowe, osadikirira kuti liume kaye pakati pa kuthirira. Pakati ndi pambuyo maluwa, kuthirira amachepetsa.
Komanso Panthawi yogwira, mbewuyo imapakidwa maulendo awiri kapena atatu patsikukuyesera kuti usagwe pamaluwa. Popumula, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikofunikira, koma chinyezi chokwanira chiyenera kusamalidwa mchipindacho ndikuyika zoumbika ndi dongo kapena moss yonyowa pafupi ndi mapoto.
Komanso ndikofunikira kupukuta masamba achikopa achomera nthawi ndi nthawi kuchokera kufumbi lokhalapo.
Pa yogwira kukula, cymbidium kudyetsedwa kamodzi sabata iliyonsepamene kuthirira yankho la manyowa amadzimadzi a orchid kapena yofooka njira yothetsera mbalame. Pamene limamasula, feteleza safunika.
Mphika, dothi ndi gawo lapansi
Cymbidium ili ndi mizu yolimba, yamtundu yomwe imasweka mosavuta ndi kupsinjika kwina kulikonse. Miphika ya orchid iyi uyenera kukhala wamtali wokwanirakuti athe kukhala momasuka mkati mwake, pomwe sikofunikira kuti ikhale yayitali.
Mukamapanga dothi ndi manja anu, lingalirani zofunikira za orchid lanu gawo lapansiMitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cymbidium yowonetsa zofunikira pa nthaka. Zomera za Epiphytic zimafuna gawo loyera la makungwa a mitengo ndi sphagnum; mitundu ya lithophytic imafuna gawo lamiyala lomwe lili ndi miyala yayikulu kwambiri.
Kuti mupeze kupuma kwambiri, mipira yamiyala kapena chithovu imatha kuwonjezeredwa ku gawo lapansi.
Momwe mungasinthire ndi nthawi yake: ndikakusintha ndikusokoneza
Cymbidium simalola kufalikira bwino, choncho musamusokoneze pafupipafupi kuposa zaka zitatu zilizonse. Ngati chomera chili chathanzi ndipo sichikufuna kuti nthaka ichangidwe mwachangu, ndibwino kudikira nthawi kuti maluwa atulidwe.
Kuyika popanda chifukwa kumavulaza CymbidiumKusankha mphika watsopano, womwe uyenera kukhala wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa wakalewo, muyenera kusamala, osawonongera mizu, chotsani mbewuyo pachiwiya chakale, muzitsuka mizu, chotsani mizu yakufa ndi kuyimitsa, ndipo, osapukuta, ikuleni ndi dothi latsopano.
Mukabzala, mbewuyo siyenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi yomweyo kuti mupewe kuvunda, muyenera kudikirira masiku angapo.
Matenda ndi majeremusi
Monga maluwa ena, cymbidiums imatha kuwonongeka ndi imvi ndi zowola zofiirira. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pakakhala kuphwanya lamulo la kutentha. Masamba ofiirira kapena amadzuwa otuwa amawonekera pamasamba, zimayambira ndi zoyambira zazomera, ndikuwononga zimakhala zake, kupatsa mphamvu mphamvu ndikuyamba kumwalira popanda chithandizo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chithandizo sichiyenera kuchepetsedwa mulimonse.
Pakawola, malo owonongeka amadzidula ndipo umathiridwa ndi ufa wofunika wa colloidal, mmera umathandizidwa ndi fungicides.
Komanso cymbidium nthawi zina imawonedwa ndi tiziromboti: nthata ya kangaude, scider, aphid, whitefly ndi ena. Pogula mbewu mu shopu yamaluwa, pamakhala chiwopsezo chilichonse chakuti imayambukiridwa ndi tizirombo. Mnzake, bowa wa sooty, si wowopsa paokha, koma amasokoneza ntchito ya photosynthesis, kufooketsa chomeracho.
Ngati tizirombo tapezeka pamtengowo, chithandizo cha ma acaricides ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo, kutsuka kwathunthu masamba amafunika. Ndikwabwino kukhazikika pamaluwa omwe ali ndi matenda.
Zambiri kuposa ma orchid ena cymbidium ali ndi matenda a virus. Zithunzi za cymbidium zimawonetsedwa ndikupanga masamba ndi maluwa, kupera kwawo. Kuchiza kulibe, chomera chodwala chiyenera kuwonongeka.
Momwe mungasamalire ngati cymbidium sikutulutsa
Kuyika kwa cymbidium peduncle kumachitika pokhapokha mbewu ikapatsidwa kusiyana pakati pa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku, apo ayi samakula. Izi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chosowa maluwa. Chifukwa chake, munyengo yotentha, ndibwino kuyika mbewuyo poyera - m'munda kapena khonde.
Tsatirani malamulo osavuta osamalira ndipo cymbidium imamasuka pafupipafupiAcidity ya dothi imathandizira pakuyika ma peduncleChifukwa chake, ambiri olima maluwa, atatha kufalikira kwa peduncle wakale, kuthirira ma cymbidiums ndi yofooka yankho la sulfuric acid kapena feteleza wa acidifying, monga Kislinka.
Chifukwa china chomwe mmeracho sichingakhale pachimake ndi pseudobulbs. Popeza ma pseudobulbs akale amafa pakapita nthawi, ndipo achichepere amaponya mapesi a maluwa mchaka chachitatu chokha cha moyo, nthawi zina zimakhala kuti chomera sichikhala ndi pseudobulbs okonzeka kutulutsa maluwa.
Zoyenera kuchita Mu motere, palibe njira zowonjezera zofunikaingodikirani.
Zonunkhira bwino, zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa okoma, zazing'ono zazing'ono, zowala komanso zowoneka bwino zimagonjetsa nkhope zawo zambiri. Amakhala ofunitsitsa kukhala ndi moyo kuposa maluwa ambiri amkati, koma poyankha chisamaliro amayankha ndi maluwa ambiri, omwe tingawayerekezere ndi pang'ono.
