Morea - chomera chokongola cha osonkhetsa

M'banja la Iris muli mbewu zambiri zokhala ndi "kipekee". Ndipo ngati nyenyezi zina zimamera ndi ife mwachangu, pang'onopang'ono kukhala zachikhalidwe kuchokera ku exotic, ndiye kuti zina ndizosowa kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri, timakhalabe chidwi - nyanja.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi maluwa okongola modabwitsa komanso ofanana ndi maluwa akuluakulu owoneka ngati a iris ndi cyclamen ndiwoofesa kwambiri pamitundu yonseyi. Ndikosavuta kuti ikule ndi nyanja, ndimawonekedwe okongola aku Africa omwe sangayime ngakhale ayezi wowala ndipo amafunikira masinthidwe okhwima. Koma ngati muli wokonda dimba ndipo mukuyang'ana chomera chosowa kwambiri chomwe munganyadire - nyanjayo ndi yanu. Kupatula apo, iyi ndiyotenganso chikhalidwe chothokoza kwambiri cha iris.

Nyanja ya Shaggy - "duwa la pikoko". © T. MA

Mitundu ndi mitundu yam'nyanja

Zomera za herbaceous tuberous, zomwe kuchokera ku South Africa zafalikira kuti asonkhanitse alimi, azindikira malo awo mndandanda wazomera zokongola kwambiri. Nyanja ndi zotulutsa zenizeni zomwe zimatchedwa kuti maluwa. Kupatula apo, chikondi cha kutentha, kudziwa chisanu ndi nthawi yomweyo zapamwamba, maluwa osazolowereka ali ndi chilengedwe chomera chokha.

Morea (Moraea), kapena "Tulips ochokera ku Cape", ma irises aku Africa ndi amodzi mwa oyimira osowa kwambiri pabanja la Iris. Ndipo imodzi mwamunda wabwino kwambiri komanso zofukizira m'nyumba. Ichi ndi chomera chachifundo, koma chodabwitsa, chomwe ngakhale chotsalira cha abale ndi maluwa awo okongola atha kukhala malo achitetezo. Morea ndiwosavuta komanso choyambirira, zachilendo komanso zokongola. Kukongola kwake kumakhala kowoneka bwino, ndipo kudziwika kwa mawonekedwe ndi mitundu kumangotsimikizira zowoneka bwino. Chomerachi chimayambitsa mayanjano ndi ma orchid, komanso ndulu, komanso ma cyclamens, koma ndikachiwona nthawi yamaluwa, nyanja imavuta kuiwala.

Kutalika kwake, nyanja zam'madzi ndizochepa masentimita 45-90, ngakhale mkati mwanjira yapakati sizitha kupitirira theka la mita. Masamba ake ndiwofanana ndi zipatso zonse za anyezi - onenepa, koma yopapatiza, amawoneka ngati chowonjezera chophatikiza ndi nthambi, koma zopendekera kwambiri. Maluwa am'nyanja amatchedwa iris-like. Koma, mwachiwonekere, mitundu ina ili pafupi ndi ma cyclamens ndi ma orchid: manda apamwamba nthawi zambiri amakhala okhazikika, amapanga maziko okongola, ndipo duwa lokha limangokhala ngati "petals" lokwanira atatu kapena anayi. Komanso kulinso nyanja momwe ma tepri amkati ndi ofupikirapo pang'ono kuposa akunja. Amasiyana pakukhazikika kwawo komanso kutsogolo, osati mwamtundu waukulu.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri za mbeuyo ndi kupezeka kwa malo okongola ndi ma penti, ndikugogomezera mtundu wamtambo wamtambo kapena wa lilac ndikupereka kufotokozera maluwa okongola komanso osavuta. Imawonjezera chithumwa ku chomera ndi mawonekedwe a pelescent a pamakhala.

Nyanja ili ndi makutu ambiri. © xaviergardens

Maluwa a nyanja amatenga milungu itatu mpaka 9. Maluwa aliwonse amatenga masiku atatu okha. Koma mbewu, mutabzala ndi gulu, siyilola kuti idziwe kuti yabwerera. Nyengo zamadzi zam'nyanja m'chipinda ndi chikhalidwe chobiriwira nthawi yachisanu kapena masika. M'mundamo, zonse zimatengera kukakamiza, kubzala, ndi kupendekera, koma mwamwambo maluwa amadzala kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso tulo tadzulo.

Pambuyo pamaluwa, zipatso zooneka ngati mkombero zimakutidwa kunyanja. Mbewu m'zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yozizira, ngakhale chikhalidwe chamalo, sizipsa, koma zimatha kugulitsidwa.

Ngakhale pali mitundu pafupifupi 200 yamitundu yazomera zam'madzi zam'madzi, mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri imamera ngati chomera chokongoletsera, chomwe amazindikira mtsogoleri nyanja yayikulu (Moraea gigandra) Imafika pamtunda wosaposa theka la mita, imatulutsa pepala limodzi, koma yopingasa, yothandiza, yayitali kuposa peduncle. Maluwa amakhala opaka utoto wapinki, nthawi zambiri owoneka bwino kwambiri amtambo, pakati amawoneka akuda ndi amtambo, oyambilira, osiyana.

Zogulitsanso m'munda wachikhalidwe zitha kupezeka:

nyanja yodzaza (moraea spathulata), yowonekera kwambiri, mpaka 60 masentimita okwera pamwala ndi maluwa okongola achikasu;
loyera, lokhala ndi malo owoneka bwino amtambo m'munsi mwa mapiri nyanja yopyapyala (Morea Aristata);
pinki yokongola, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiirira ndi ofiirira ndi mitsempha yokongola pamiyala nyanja tricolor (moraea tricolor);
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ya pamakhala, koma yokongoletsedwa nthawi zonse ndi mawanga amtambo nyanja yamatumbo (moraea villosa), yemwe zojambula zake pamasamba amafanana nthenga za pikoko (mbewuyo idatchulidwanso dzina loti "duwa la peacock", lokhala ngati chipinda);
pinki, yokhala ndi pakati pofiirira nyanja yamadzi (moraea barnardi);
ofanana ndi gulugufe wachilendo, wamaso a lilac okhala ndi mawalo osiyana-siyana moraea fugax;
Amapanga masamba akuluakulu amakulu a masamba owoneka bwino ndi mitengo yolimba yolimba ndi maluwa achikasu onunkhira okhala ndi mawanga bulauni Nyanja ya Hutton (moraea huttonii);
koposa zonse zofanana ndi ma irisi, okhala ndi miyala yapamwamba, mawonekedwe ake okongola a lilac okhala ndi mawanga achikasu Nyanja ya Carson (moraea caronii) mpaka 30 cm kutalika;
mandimu odzaza, omwe ali ndi maluwa okongola komanso masamba amasamba a nondescript, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka muchikhalidwe chachipinda nyanja mandimu chikasu (moraea citrina);
chachikulu chowoneka bwino, chokhala ndi mitengo yayikulu yamtengo wapatali yokhala ndi maluwa ofiirira nyanja yamakutu ambiri (moraea polystachya);
Kunyezimira ndi mawanga akutali achikasu, mtundu wabuluu, yaying'ono, kumasula masamba awiri okha nyanja yamaso amtambo (moraea sisyrinchium) ndi maluwa a iris.

Nyanja yamitundu itatu (Moraea tricolor). © jeffs bulbesetpots

Nyanja ya Shaggy (Moraea villosa). © Francis Ackerley

Mole spinosa (Moraea aristata). © Terry Frewin

M'mitundu yambiri yomwe imapezeka mwachilengedwe zokha, maluwawo ndi ochepa, osasinthika, amalephera kunyanja yolimba komanso yosinthika kwambiri ndi mitundu yayikulu ndi yotchuka yonse kukula kwake ndi kutengera kwa maluwa.

Pali chisokonezo chachikulu ndi mayina amtunduwu. Ichi ndichakuti, chifukwa chakugawika pang'ono ndikuyenda panyanja, nthawi zambiri timadziwika kuti timapatsidwanso ena, koma ochulukirapo - zakudya (zakudya) Koma ngakhale zikhalidwe izi ndizogwirizana, siziyenera kusokonezeka wina ndi mnzake. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okula - nyanja zam'madzi zimapangidwa ndi ma corms, pomwe zakudya zimapangidwa ndi ma rhizomes ndi ma rhizomes - sizofanana. Ndipo mikhalidwe yofananira pamaluwa si chifukwa chowonera kuti ndi mbewu zamtundu womwewo. Zakudya zomwe kale zinali gawo lamtundu wa nyanja, koma masiku ano zimawonedwa ngati chomera chodziimira pawokha. Ikuwonjezera zovuta komanso chizolowezi chotcha chimodzi mwazakudya - zakudya iridioides - irises Morea (Morea iris), ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa dzina "morea" m'malo mwa "tsopano" m'mabuku aku Russia, komanso dzina lodziwika "African irises" lodziwika bwino pazikhalidwe ziwirizi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito nyanja

Chomerachi ndi zapadera, kunyadira pamsonkhanowu. Iyenera kuyikidwa moyenerera. Mkati komanso m'munda womwe uli m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikwabwino kuwonetsera malo opambana, opambana. Zomera zambiri zomwe muli nazo, zomwe zimawoneka bwino kwambiri, sizikhala zooneka bwino pang'ono. Nyanja ndi bwinoko kuwona ngati zofukiza zowala zokongoletsera kapangidwe kake ndikuzipatsanso.

Morena Barnard (Moraea barnardii). © Andrew Massyn

Blue-eyed Morea (Moraea sisyrinchium). © Jef Dockx

Nyanja yamaso ambiri (Moraea polystachya). © Dirkus

Njira Za Kulima Nyanja

Choyipa chachikulu cha nyanja ndi kulephera kwawo kwa nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chomwe madera omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali mbewuyo imafunika kukumba chilichonse nthawi yophukira ndikusungidwa panthaka. Koma "zochulukitsa" zazikulu kwambiri zitha kuonedwa ngati zovuta kuzinthu zomwe zapezeka. Nyanja ndizosowa kwambiri, zimawerengedwa ngati zotulutsa ndipo ndizosavuta kupeza zofunikira kubzala.

Nyanja itha kulimidwa:

monga chofiyira nyumba chazizira komanso chowuma;
ngati mbewu yobiriwira kapena malo obiriwira, yomwe imathamangitsidwa nthawi yabwino;
monga poto wamunda ndi chomera cham'madzi, chomwe chimatsukidwa nthawi yachisanu m'chipindacho;
ngati mtengo wamunda womwe wabzalidwa m'nthaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukika koyambilira.

Morea amakula makamaka. Amabzala masamba nthawi yozizira komanso pachimake mu masika, ndipo nthawi yotentha amapita kukadzala. Mukakula muchipinda kapena malo obiriwira, ndibwino kuzungulira nthawi zonse. M'minda, momwe mawu amasinthidwira, mbewu imasungidwa m'zipinda zozizira bwino kumapeto kwa dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, ndipo zimathandizira kudzutsidwa kwamasika kuti kukhale kwamaluwa nthawi ya atypical.

Nyengo zofunika kunyanja

M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, nyanja ndiyomwe idalowetsedwa pakati pazomera zosavuta kubzala. Koma komwe nthawi yozizira imakhala yozizira, amakhala wowonjezereka komanso wovuta. Koma zovuta zonse zimalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe awiri okha. Choyamba ndi kufunika kwa dzinja kuti kuyeretsa nyanja kuchokera panthaka. Lachiwiri ndikusankha kosakhazikika kwakanthawi kokulira. Koma ngati mukuyandikira kuwunika kwa kuyatsa, dothi kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe ndikusankha malo oyenera kapena njira yolima, nyanja ikudabwitsani ndi kuphweka kwa chisamaliro.

Scapular morae (Moraea spathulata). © Tony Rodd

Nyanja youluka (Moraea fugax). © jeffs bulbesetpots

Large Morea (Moraea gigandra). © Sacha Dowding

Malo okha omwe angafanane ndi nyanja m'magawo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira ndi malo dzuwa. Kwa maluwa ndi chitukuko, masamba abwinobwino m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso otentha kwambiri, kukongola uku kuyenera kulandira nyali yayitali. Momwe zinthu zilili bwino zitha kupangidwa kokha mu malo obiriwira kapena malo obisalamo, okhala ndimayikidwe oyaka. Koma kupambana sikokwanira kupewetsa pang'ono pang'ono. Morea salekerera kusanja, malo owombera. Ali ndi miyendo yopyapyala yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mphepo. Chifukwa chake, kwa "tulip tulips" muyenera kusankha malo otetezedwa, otetezedwa, otentha.

Chofunika kwambiri pakukula konse kwa nyanja ndikusankhidwa kwa dothi. Dothi losakaniza chomera ichi liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lamadzi- komanso lopumulika, malowo ndi abwino kuyikamo. Kubzala nthaka ndikofunikanso, koma nyanjayo siyingalandire madzi osasunthika aliwonse, pomwe phindu la dothi limatha kulipiriridwa mosavuta ndikovala pamwamba. Ma cormon awa ndi bwino kukhazikika m'malo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha madzi, pamapiri, m'minda yamiyala kapena m'miyala. Dothi louma ndilabwinobwino pamtunduwu kuposa dothi loamy, pomwe acidity iyenera kukhala yosalowerera.

Kubweretsa nyanja

M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, njira yodalitsira nyanja ndi kuzama pang'ono ndiyosatheka. Zitsamba za mbewuyi zimayenera kuyikidwa m'nthaka ndi masentimita 5 kuti nthaka ikhale yolimba komanso kuti nyanja ikhale yabwino, yotetezedwa ku chisanu.

Madeti ofikira ndi malo osangalatsa. Pazikhalidwe zam'nyumba komanso m'malo obisalamo kapena nyumba zosungiramo magetsi zotenthetsera, kubzala zitha kuchitika chaka chonse. Koma panthaka pafupi ndi nyanja ndibwino kusamutsa theka lachiwiri la Epulo. Kuyembekezera kuti chiwopsezo cha madzi oundana angozimiririka kunyanja ndizowopsa, chifukwa mu Seputembala ifunika kufufutidwa kale. Ndipo ikamatera mochedwa, mbewuyo ilibe nthawi yoti idutse masamba athunthu.

Mtunda pakati pa mbewu uzikhala wa pafupifupi 25. Morea amatulutsa mizu yamphamvu yopota, samakonda kuterera ngakhale miphika. Ziphuphu mukabzala mu nthaka ziyenera kuyikidwa mabasiketi oyikira kuti mutetezedwe ku makoswe. Mukamasankha makontena, ndibwino kuyimitsa pamipanda yokhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 30 cm.

Kusamalira Nyanja

M'nyumba ndi zotengera, komanso mbewu zowonjezera kutentha, sizifunikira zovuta, koma kusamalira mwadongosolo. Kwa nyanja, chinyezi cholimba chokhala ndi gawo lapansi chimayenera kusamalidwa, popanda chilala, komanso popanda madzi. Simalingalira kuwuma pang'ono, ndipo kuvala pamwamba kumayikidwa ndi feteleza wa mbeu zochuluka kapena zamaluwa, ndimadontho ochepetsedwa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi omwe adalimbikitsa. Chovala chomaliza chapamwamba sichinayambike masabata awiri atayamba maluwa.

Nyanja zam'munda ndizosavuta kusamalira. Amawopa kuthina kwamadzi aliwonse, koma osawopa chilala. Kukhalabe ndi maluwa mutayamba budding, ndibwino kuzungulira kuthirira nthawi yayitali. Chovala chapamwamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi pakatikati pa maluwa, kapena katatu - mwezi mutabzala, popanga ma peduncle komanso koyambirira kwa maluwa. Pa dothi labwino, labwino kwambiri, feteleza sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito konse.

Pa dormancy ndi mtundu uliwonse wa kulima, nyanja siyamadzi.

Kuzizira nyanja

Mukakulira muchipinda, mutathilira maluwa kunyanja, kuthilira kumayimitsidwa ndikusungidwa mpaka pakuuma chizindikiro. Kuthana ndi kubereka zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa gawo la chitukuko, kusintha gawo lapansi kukhala mchenga wopanda thanzi komanso wopanda madzi, ndikuyika ngalande pansi pa thankiyo.

Munda, wowonjezera kutentha, nyanja zobiriwira nthawi yonseyo zimasinthidwanso pambuyo pa maluwa. Popeza chomera sichimalimba ndi kutentha kwa zero, chimafunika kuchikongoletsa ndikuchiyika m'malo oyamba nthawi yozizira. Pazaka zopambana zokha pomwe chonyamulira chimachedwetsedwa mpaka Okutobala: nthawi zambiri nyanja imanyamulidwa mu September. Chomera chakumbidwa, masamba ndi padunulo adulidwa, ma corm a mwana wamkazi amapatulidwa ndipo, atayimitsa pang'ono, amatumizidwa kuti akasungidwe mumchenga. Koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosungira munthaka, mutanyamula mababu mumbale.

M'nyengo yozizira, nyanja zimasungidwa youma m'chipinda chamdima, chopumira komanso chopanda kutentha kwa madigiri a 2 mpaka 5 Celsius. Kuzizira komanso kuyanika kwa maluwa amtsogolo ndizofunikanso.

Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda

Nyanja ndi zikhalidwe zosagonjetseka zomwe sizimawopa tizirombo tambiri m'nyumba ndi m'munda. Koma kumapeto kwa kasupe, kutentha kwambiri m'chipindacho, amatha kuvulala ndi akangaude ofiira. Pakakhala chinyezi chochepa kwambiri panthawi yopanda kanthu, nyanja zam'madzi zimayamba kuwola.

Kuberekanso kwa nyanja

Njira yosavuta yowonjezerera kusonkhanitsa kwa nyanja kuti mupeze mbewu zatsopano ndi njira zamasamba. Mukakumba, ma corms aakazi amatha kupatulidwa momasuka ndi ma chomera (ngati mababu aliwonse), ndipo ngati nyanja yanu yakula bwino, muli ndi chokwanira chodzala, mutha kuyesa kugawa mababuwo kukhala zidutswa. Koma kuti asunge nyengo yozizira pamenepa amafunika kukhala osamala kwambiri. Nyanja sizimakonda kukulira ndipo sikofunikira kukula ana ndi babu a amayi mumzinthu zomwezi. Kulekanitsa ana panthawi yake kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi maluwa owoneka bwino kwambiri.

Zogulitsa, mbewu ndizofala kwambiri kuposa ma corm. Mtengowo umakula bwino chifukwa cha nthangala, osaphuka kuposa chaka chachitatu, koma popanda kuyambitsa mavuto. Kufesa mbewu ndikulimbikitsidwa kumapeto kwa dzinja kwa chikhalidwe cham'nyumba komanso kumapeto kwa dzinja pakupanga maluwa, m'malo otsika, ndikukula ndikukula kwa 3-4 mm mu nthaka yachonde, yopepuka. Mbewu zimakutidwa ndi kanema, koma ziyenera kuchotsedwa posachedwa, mphukira zitawonekera. Kupitilira muyeso ndizowopsa kwa nyanja, imayenera kukhala yowunikira ndikuwunikira nthawi yayitali kwambiri yomwe mungapereke. Kukhwimira mumbale zofunikira kumachitika pakadutsa masabata 6 mutabadwa, ndibwino kuti ndisasunthireko kwa zaka ziwiri. Ndipo mchaka chachitatu chokha mutha kuchisintha kuchokera kuchipinda kupita kuchipembedzo wamba.