Nthawi ndi nthawi, mbewu zatsopano zamkati zimawonekera m'nyumba za nzika anzathu. Komabe, sizotheka nthawi zonse kuwapulumutsa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kufotokozedwa ndi chisamaliro chosayenera. Kukula kwa bromeliad kunyumba sikulinso kovuta, chifukwa imakhala ndi zake zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kulima ndi kusamalira. Ngakhale mbewu iyi si yachangu kwambiri, iyenera kupatsidwa chidwi chokwanira.
Ikani bromeliad m'nyumba mwanu
Ndikwabwino kukula chomera ichi m'nyumba momwe chimasungidwa. chinyezi kwambiri. Lamulo lalikulu lomwe wobzala aliyense sayenera kuiwala ndikuti chomera chimamveka bwino pokhapokha ngati mpweya mchipindacho uli chinyontho chokwanira. Pofika nyengo yotentha, poto wamaluwa umatha kusungidwa pawindo. Koma nthawi yomweyo muyenera kusamalira chitetezo chake kuchokera ku zojambulajambula ndi kuwongolera mwachindunji, ndi dzuwa. Zabwino kwambiri pazomera zomera izi zimapangidwa pazenera lakumawa. Komabe, ngati zinthu zakumwambazi zikumana, ndiye kuti bromeliad imatha kumera bwino kumwera.
Zofunikira zadothi
Mosasamala mtundu wamtundu wa bromeliad womwe mukukula m'chipinda chanu, muyenera kubzala kokha mu nthaka yabwino komanso yosalala. Chidebe chokonzedwa kuti chikule muyenera kukhala nacho 1/3 ngalande yamagetsi. Nthawi zambiri, zosakanikirana za dothi izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukula duwa:
- Magawo awiri a pepala;
- Gawo 1 humus;
- 1 mbali peat;
- 0,5 magawo amchenga.
Nthawi zina mu gawo lapansi Mutha kuwonjezera zina:
- khungwa lozungulira;
- akanadulidwa sphagnum moss;
- dziko la turf;
- makala.
Kuti bromeliad amve bwino mu nyumba, ndikofunikira kuti ipangire boma labwino kutentha, kupereka chinyezi chokwanirakomanso konzekerani nthaka yachonde. Ngati timalankhula za bromelias a mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti imakula bwino m'nthaka ndikulemba motere:
- Magawo atatu a sphagnum moss;
- Gawo limodzi la makungwa a paini osenda bwino;
- 1 mbali peat;
- 1 gawo la pepala;
- Magawo 0,5 owuma mullein.
Kuonjezera chonde m'nthaka, mutha kupanga pang'ono zopindika ndi zidutswa zamakala.
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi
Mukakulitsa bromeliad, ndikofunikira kuti muzisunga kutentha mkati mwa + 25 degrees. Zomera zikayamba kuphuka kapena kulowa pamalo opanda, matenthedwe amasinthidwa kukhala madigiri 18. Komabe, siyenera kugwera pansi pazizindikiro za + 12 degrees. Ndikofunikanso kulabadira chinyezi: nyengo zabwino kwambiri pazomera zimapangidwa ngati chizindikiro ichi ndi 70%.
Panthawi ya nyumba yapa mzinda, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosatheka kupilira peresenti. Chifukwa chake, chinyezi chimaloledwa ndi cholakwika chochepa - pa 60%. Kuti atsimikizire kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ichi, mwiniwakeyo ayenera kuchita khama kwambiri. Ngati titembenukira ku zokumana nazo zamaluwa, njira yosavuta yothanirana ndi vutoli ndi anthu okhala m'nyumba. Njira ina yothetsera ndikuyika chidebe chodzaza ndi dongo kapena moss yonyowa pafupi ndi duwa.
Kutsirira koyenera
Mosasamala za mitundu ya bromeliad, yomwe imalimidwa kunyumba, iyenera kuperekedwa ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa bwino kuchuluka kwa kuthirira. Pothetsa nkhaniyi, zimatengera mizu ya duwa. Chizindikiro cha mbewu ndichakuti mizu singatenge madzi omwe amalowa m'nthaka. Chifukwa chaichi, kuthirira kolondola kwa bromeliad kumaphatikizapo kuperekera chinyezi mosamalitsa kuchokera masamba ake. Muyeneranso kukumbukira kuti malinga ndi chiwembu chofanana, kuphatikiza feteleza kuyenera kuchitidwa.
Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa chothirira gawo lapansiM'mene duwa limamera. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoyenera kuchitidwa pakulima bromeliad. Komanso, olima maluwa amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okha zofewa pano.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito sprayer, mavalidwe ofunikira amawonjezerapo ndi madzi, omwe amapereka duwa ndi michere. Komanso, pakathirira, muyenera kukumbukira kuti muyenera kuyang'anira kuyera kwa malo ogulitsira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita izi kamodzi pamwezi uliwonse kwa miyezi itatu.
Kodi kubzala bromeliad?
Mitundu yambiri ya mbewuyi imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikusintha kwa zipatso. Mwakutero, duwa limatha kuchita popanda ilo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri limangoyambitsa chomera. Komabe, ngati muyenera kupeza chitsamba chatsopano cha bromeliad, ndiye ngati chida chofalitsira gwiritsani mphukirakupanga pamunsi. Mbande zazing'ono zimazika mizu kwambiri ngati zimapatsidwa kutentha kofunikira komanso chinyezi.
Kukonzekera
Poganizira kuti kupatsirana kuyenera kupewedwa ngati kuli kotheka, ndibwino ngati wosamalira mundawo agwiritsa ntchito mphukira zazing'ono kufalitsa mbewuzo. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kukonzekera dothi losakaniza mwapadera, lomwe lidzakhale ndi zotsatirazi:
- nthaka yamaluwa;
- peat;
- mchenga.
Kwambiri Ndikofunikira kuti ikhalebe yolondola: zigawo zonse ziyenera kumwedwa zofanana, zosakanizika bwino kuti zitheke.
Pokonzekera gawo lapansi lodzala mphukira zazing'ono, ndikofunikira kupeza chidebe choyenera, chomwe chizikhala chokwanira. Pansi pake pakhale zodzaza ndi dothi kapena dothi lokwanira, kenako nthaka nkuikapo.
Ntchito yopatsirana
Mphindi yoyenera yopatulira mphukira ndi duwa la kholo ndi gawo lachitukuko, pomwe mphukirayo imakhala ndi kutalika kokwanira 1/3 a kukula kwa kholo. Mmera uyenera kuyikidwa m'nthaka ndi masentimita awiri. Mpaka mizu itapangidwa, mphukira imayenera kukula mumphika ndi chithandizo, chomwe chingakhale wopangidwa ndi mwala kapena msomali wamatabwa.
Pakadali pano, amasamalira mmera chimodzimodzi ndi chomera chomwe chimakula. Ngati mukukumana ndi akulu akulu akulu anyumba yazikuluzikulu mumzinda, ndiye kuti mutha kupeza chitsamba kuchokera pa mphukira yachinyamata popanda mavuto.
Momwe mungakwaniritsire pachimake cha bromeliad?
Osati nthawi zonse, ngakhale mutasamalira bromeliad mosamala, mutha kukwaniritsa maluwa ake. Chomera chimatha kukondweretsa wosamalira maluwa ndi maluwa pokhapokha ngati amadziwa zina mwazinthuzo ndipo amawaganizira akamakula. Ngakhale mutadzala maluwa mumphika wamba, maluwa ake sadzasiyana kwambiri ndi abale omwe amakula kuthengo.
Zomwe zimachitika bwino zikukhudzana ndi kusunga kutentha kofunikira, komwe akhale pa + 21C. Nthawi zina, kutsika kwa kutentha mpaka madigiri 18 kumaloledwa, komabe, ndibwino kuti musalole izi, chifukwa izi zimakhudza mkhalidwe wa mbewuyo. Duwa limakhala ndi kupsinjika kwambiri ngati kutentha kwa chipinda kumagwa mpaka + 12 madigiri.
Nthawi zambiri, kusakaniza kwa bromeliad kumayamba kutulutsa chilimwe. Komabe, ndi njira yoyenera yokulitsira duwa, njirayi imatha kupitilizidwa. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi, simudzawonjezera chidwi chomera panthawi yobzala kunyumba. Zinthu zonse ndizomera makamaka: kuthengo, pakacha, zipatso zimatulutsa ethylene, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa maluwa.
Kodi chidziwitsochi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwanji? Choyamba, timafunikira nthochi zosapsa. Ayenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi mphika ndi bromeliad, pambuyo pake kapangidwe kake kamayenera kukhala bwino kukulunga mu thumba la pulasitiki. Posachedwa muwona momwe duwa lanu limayambira kuphuka kale kuposa masiku onse.
Kuteteza tizilombo
Ngati simutsatira malamulo osamalira duwa la bromeliad, ndiye kuti mutha kuyembekezera kuti nthawi ina imatha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda oopsa. Zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi majeremusi, omwe, kamodzi pamaluwa, amachititsa zochitika zowononga mbewuyo.
Ngozi yayikulu ku bromeliad ndi mealybugs ndi tizilombo tambiri. Kuvulala kwa izi kumachitika chifukwa choti amadya msuzi, womwe umapezeka kuchokera kumitengo ndi masamba. Nthawi yomweyo, pambuyo pawo, amadzimadzi amadzimadzi, omwe amachititsa kuti bowa akhale wabwino. Palibenso zovuta zochepa pamene chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimakhudza bromeliad. Kuchotsa tiziromboti, ayenera kusungidwa pamanja. Zitatha izi, masamba a mbewu amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi sopo, ndipo kumaliza kumachitika mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo ndi njira yofuka.
Komabe, ngakhale kukonza koteroko sikutsimikizira kuti pambuyo pake tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingathenso kutuwa. Chifukwa chake, pambuyo pazinthu zomwe zatengedwa, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa momwe mbewu zimagwirira ntchito. Njira zowongolera mealybug zimaphatikizapo zosonkhanitsa zake, zomwe zimachitika pamanja. Zomera zotsatira ndizofunikira kukonza ndi yankho la sopo wobiriwira. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kungachitike pokhapokha ngati ntchitoyi ichitika mobwerezabwereza katatu. Izi zimapereka chidaliro kuti m'miyezi ikubwera, bromeliad sadzakhudzidwanso ndi tizilombo.
Pomaliza
Kukula bromeliad kunyumba sikophweka, ndipo ngakhale alimi odziwa zamaluwa sangathe kupirira nawo ntchitoyi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ali ndi machitidwe ena omwe amayenderana ndi kulima ndi chisamaliro. Chidwi chomera chiyenera kuwonedwa kuyambira pachiyambi, chifukwa sichofunikira kungokonzekera nthaka kuti ikhale yabwino, komanso kuti ikonzekere kutukuka. Kusamalira moyenera bromeliad kumatanthauza kutetezedwa ku tizirombo, chifukwa apo ayi amatha kufa mwachangu.
