Chimodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri zamkati, Oplismenus kapena Ostyanka, ndizosowa kwenikweni. Chomera ichi chimachokera kutali ku Green Continent ndipo chimadabwitsa ndi mawonekedwe ake, komanso kukongola kwa masamba osiyanasiyana, ndi mawonekedwe. Woimira atypical wa banja la phala - mbewu iyi si ya aliyense. Oplismenus imafunika kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, kutaya msanga zokongoletsera zake, ndipo imazindikira chinyezi. Koma ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso wosawoneka bwino kwambiri mwakuti moyenerera akuti ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri kuchipinda.
Ostyanka ali ndi tsitsi lalifupi, kapena Oplismenus wamfupi (Oplismenus hirtellus).
Oplismenus - chakudya chochuluka chopatsa mphamvu
Tayamba kumene kuyang'ana oplismenusa wodabwitsa. Chomerachi chimadziwika kuti ndi chosowa komanso chokhacho; sichimapezeka m'misika yonse yamaluwa. Koma opanga akuchulukirachulukira ndikakongoletsa nyumba zamakono komanso malo odyera komanso malo odyera; ndipo kufunikira kwa Oplismenus kukukula kokha. Izi ndizosadabwitsa: mbewu monga zokwawa ndizosowa kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe, ndiye tinganene chiyani pazikhalidwe zamkati kapena wowonjezera kutentha.
Oplismenus ndi zipatso zodabwitsa kwambiri zomwe zinabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Australia ndi New Zealand. Mwachilengedwe, amapezeka m'malo otentha, ndipo muzipinda amasunga chikondi kutentha kwambiri chaka chonse. Mdziko lathu, oplismenus amadziwika bwino pansi pa dzina losavuta la Ostyanka, kuwonetsa mawonekedwe ofunikira a mantha - akuwonetsa minga yowala ya phala.
Mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri yokongoletsera ya ostyanka, mtundu umodzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chikhalidwe - tsitsi lalifupi (Oplismenus hirtellus) Ichi ndi kakulidwe ka herbaceous kosatha, modabwitsa ndi mphukira zake zokwawa. Kutalika kwa tsinde ndi mpaka masentimita 50. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwona chomera: kukula kwa nthambi zamtundu wachinyamata kumaloledwa ndi pang'onopang'ono malo ogona ndi opachika mphukira pomwe amatambasulidwa. Nthambi zimatha kuzika mizu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma oplysinus apange chivundikiro chopondera panthaka kapena kuwonekera modzaza ndi chowoneka ndimiyendo. Kuchokera kutali, ostyanka imatha kusokonezedwa mosavuta ndi tradescantia zebrina, makamaka ikakula m'mabasiketi opachikika.
Masamba a Oplismenus ndi amodzi monga chimanga, chopendekera-lanceolate, koma kutalika kwake kumangokhala masentimita 10. Mtundu wowala wobiriwira wamkati wamtundu wa ostyanka umawoneka kuti ndi wabwino. Kupatula apo, phala ili limaperekedwa nthawi zambiri pamsika wogulitsa - wokongoletsedwa ndi oyera, agolide, mikwingwirima - masamba. Izi ndi mitundu ya oplismenus, yomwe imapezeka pamaziko a mawonekedwe okongoletsa a ostyanka - variegates.
Cereal imatulutsa miyendo yayitali yamtunda, yovekedwa korona wokongoletsa wamisala, mbali imodzi, yosowa komanso yopepuka. Ma spikelets obiriwira okhala ndi ma spines ofiira owoneka ngati ofiira amayang'ana koyambirira modabwitsa. Koma maluwa akutulutsa masamba ndipo ndibwino kudula panicles mbewu isanayambe. Nthawi zambiri, ostyanka limamasula mu miyezi yotentha.
Oplismenus wakula m'njira ziwiri:
- monga choyikamo chophatikizika mumipanda yamisonkhano;
- muchikhalidwe chopambana - zonse muzovala maluwa ndi miyendo ndi mabasiketi opachikika.
Chisamaliro cha oplismenus kunyumba
Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za Ostyanka - kusakhalapo kwa nthawi yopuma - ndizofunikira. Chomera chomwe chili pamalo abwino chimakula chaka chonse, chimasintha nthawi zonse, komanso makamaka chifukwa cha izi, chimataya msanga zokongoletsera zake, chimafunanso kukonzanso pafupipafupi. Koma ngati palibe mwayi wokhala ndi kutentha kosakhazikika, nthawi yozizira mbewuyo imakhala yabwino, mbewuyo imapitilira nyengo yabwino. Chifukwa chake ntchito yachitukuko cha oplismenus zimatengera momwe awamangidwira.
Oplismenus ndi imodzi mwazomera zobzala modabwitsa komanso zokongoletsa kwambiri, kuphatikiza ndi mawonekedwe a kubiriwira komanso kusadziwika kwake. Ichi ndi chomera chamkati chamakono chomwe chimafunikira chisamaliro chovuta, koma chovuta kuchipinda komanso nyumba. Chovuta chokha pakukula phala ili ndikuchepa kwake mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi zonse azichita zinthu zotsutsana ndi ukalamba ndikupanga sod.
Kuyatsa kwa ostyanka
Udzu wokongola mosadabwitsa umadabwitsa ndi kusinthasintha kwake. Ostyanka akumva bwino mu kuwala kulikonse - komanso kowala, komanso kopanda mthunzi. Amathanso kupirira osagwedezeka kwambiri. Zowona, izi zomasulira nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kuwonongeka pang'ono kapena konse kwamikwingwirima yowoneka bwino pamasamba. Ndikwabwino kutchinjiriza ma oplismenus amadyera akaikidwa pazenera kuchokera ku dzuwa. Ostyanka amayankha bwino kuwunikira pang'ono kapena kwathunthu, popanda kutaya mawonekedwe a kukula kapena mtundu.
Popeza ostyanka imawoneka bwino mumthunzi wocheperako, sikofunikira kuyika chomera pamawindo a zenera: phala ili ndilabwino pakuwunika malo amkati, malo pafupi ndi mawindo.
Oplismenus, kapena ostyanka mumphika wokhala ndi begonia.
Kutentha kosangalatsa
Oplismenusi muchipinda chikhalidwe amakonda kukonda kuzizira, koma ngakhale nthawi yozizira kutentha kwawo sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa madigiri 8. Mitengo yovomerezeka yochepa iyenera kufotokozedwa mukamagula, chifukwa makampani ena amaluwa salimbikitsa kuti kukula kwa ostyanka ngakhale 15 digiri Celsius. Mtengowo umamvako bwino kwambiri kutentha mpaka madigiri 18 mpaka 22 nyengo yonse yozizira ndi yotentha. Kutentha kwamphamvu kudzafunika njira zowonjezera chinyezi cha mpweya.
M'nyengo yotentha, Ostyanka safunanso kutengedwera kukhonde, ndibwino kusiya chomera chake nthawi zonse. Popeza, mu mpweya watsopano, oplismenus sangatetezedwe kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi kusiyana kwa zizindikiro zina zamikhalidwe, kuchotsera koteroko kumatha kukhala nkhawa yayikulu kwa iyo. Oplismenusi amawopa zojambula zozizira, ndipo zipinda zimafunikira kuti mpweya wabwino usamalidwe.
Oplismenus ulimi wothirira komanso mpweya chinyezi
Chimbudzi chamkati ichi chimafuna kuthirira mosamala kwambiri. Kuthirira madzi ndizowopsa mmera, koma wokulirapo saopa chilala: chitha kuyimitsa, kubweretsa nkhawa, kukhudza mizu, koma sikuti zovulaza ndipo mbewuyo ichira msanga. Chilala chochepa chabe "chimachepetsa" kukula, ndikuwuma nthawi yayitali kumatha kutsitsa masamba, zomwe zingafunikire kudulira kowonjezereka komanso chinyezi chowonjezereka. Mafuta amatha kupewedwa kwambiri, koma Ostyanka amapirira kuthirira kumadutsa kochepa kwambiri kuposa kusefukira, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kufa kowola. M'chilimwe, kuthirira oplysinus kumatha kukhala ochulukirapo, koma ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kuyimitsa dothi pakati pa njira zamadzi, kulola kuti wosanjikiza pamwamba liume bwino. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachitika ndi madzi ochepa komanso kawirikawiri.
Oplismenus angakonde kuwonjezera chinyezi chamlengalenga, koma sichofunikira kwambiri ngati sichakukula mzipinda zotentha. Koma kuti tisunge kukongoletsa masamba panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito makina otenthetsera kapena chilimwe m'masiku otentha, ndibwino kumalizitsa kupopera. Ngati kuli kotheka kupereka chilinganizo chokhazikika cha chinyezi cha mpweya pa 60-70%, phala lidzakudabwitsani chifukwa chowala, kuthamanga kwachulukidwe komanso kupirira kwakukulu.
Kudyetsa a ostyanka
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zachilengedwe zomwe sizikufuna kuvala moyenera ndipo zimawonetsa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pamasamba ophatikizika ndi zopezeka munthaka pang'ono. Mavalidwe apamwamba a phala ili chaka chatha ndikubzala ndi bwino kuti zisachitike konse: kuphatikiza michere yoyambira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwanira kuti mbewuyo ikule bwino, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimasinthidwa. Amayika feteleza wa Ostyanka mchaka choyamba pokhapokha pakuwoneka zizindikiro zosowa zina zazikulu ndi zazikulu.
Kwa Ostyanka, kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha kulima ndikumasinthanso popanda kuziika, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika osati nthawi zonse, koma popanda zosokoneza. Kukula kovomerezeka kumavala kamodzi pakadutsa masabata awiri ndi atatu. Kuthira feteleza wa oplismenus kumachitika chaka chonse, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza pazomera zokongoletsera kapena zolengedwa zina zonse. Mlingo wa feteleza umadukiza kapena kuwirikiza katatu poyerekeza ndi womwe wopangidwira wopanga kuti alepheretse michere yambiri.
Ostyanka wamfupi, kapena Oplismenus wamfupi (Oplismenus hirtellus)Kubwezeretsanso kwa Oplismenus, kudulira ndi kupatsirana
Chofunikira chokha cha Ostyanka ndi kuchepa kwawo mwachangu. Kuti tisunge kwambiri tirigu wokongoletsera, mbewu ndibwino kuti zitha kukonzanso chaka chilichonse kapena kamodzi pachaka chilichonse. Nthawi yomweyo, kufesa mbewu monga chimanga sikofunikira: kudulira kwamphamvu pakokha kumapangitsa kukula kwachangu komanso kukonzanso tchire. M'malo modulira Oplismenus, mutha kungochotsa chomeracho ndi okhawo odulidwa. Kuika chimanga kumachitika pokhapokha ngati akufuna kugawanitsa chomera, kuwonjezera mphamvu yake kapena dera lomwe akukhalamo.
Kudulira kwina, kuphatikiza kupindika kapena kuwongolera kukula kwa mphukira, sikofunikira pa oplismenus. Koma izi ndizomwe sizingasangalatse mafani a Ostyanka, ndikofunikira kuchotsa pamanja masamba owuma nthawi zonse. Ndi bwinonso kuchita ndi mantha a inflorescence: momwe inflorescence amawonekera, ndibwino kuzichotsa, chifukwa kucha kwa mbewu kungapangitse kuti kutaika mwachangu kukongoletsa.
Zosefukira ndi kupatulira ndi kudulira kuti zisinthidwe ziyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe - mu Marichi, mochulukirapo - mu Epulo.
Oplismenus amakonda mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yotayirira. Zomwe nthaka zimachita zimatha kukhala zopanda mbali kapena pang'ono acidic. Kwa oplismenus, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zapadera za chimanga kapena gawo lapadziko lonse lapansi. Ngati mungapangitse nthaka kusakaniza nokha, ndiye kuti mutha kuphatikiza magawo ofanana amtunda, dothi labwino, peat ndi mchenga. Dothi louma limatha kusinthidwa ndi humus.
Pansi pa akasinja a Ostyanka, ngalande yayikulu imayikidwa, ndikuthana ndi ngozi ya madzi. Pothira chimanga ichi, miyala, miyala, kapena dongo lokwera.
Maluso okukula kwa oplysinus ayenera kukhala osaya, koma m'lifupi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta Oplismenus
Choopsa chachikulu kwa opsilmenusi ndi zowola ndi tizirombo zomwe zimakhala m'nthaka. Koma ngati mbewuyo itafooka, kunyalanyazidwa, kusinthidwanso sikunachitike pa iyo, ndiye kuti imatha kuvutika mu kutentha ndi mpweya wouma kuchokera ku nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akangaude. Kuti muthane ndi zovuta zilizonse muyenera kuphatikiza pakusintha kwa chisamaliro ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena fungicides.
Ostyanka, kapena Oplismenus wokhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi ndi masamba osavuta.
Kubalana kwa Oplismenus
Kupeza zitsamba zatsopano zamphesa ndikosavuta. Ma bus amatha kugawidwa ndikusintha ndikudula masamba akulu kapena masamba a mwana wamkazi (mphukira yozikika), kapena mutha kuchotsa mizu m'mizu kapena mphukira pomwe masamba awiri.
Zidutswa pazodulidwa zimachitika bwino kwambiri pafupi ndi mfundo. Zidula zimayikiridwa m'nthaka theka kutalika. Mizu imachitika mu gawo lililonse pansi pa hodi, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta kwambiri - mizu m'madzi.
Onse cutnki ndi odulidwa mizu amayamba kukula msanga ndikufikira kukongoletsa kwambiri m'miyezi ingapo. Oplismenuses omwe amapezeka kuchokera kuduladula sakhala m'magulu, koma amawokedwa m'modzi mumphika: phala limakula mwachangu komanso mwachangu kotero kuti limapanga chitsamba chowirira chokha; ndipo sikuyenera kuyambitsa mavuto pakanthawi kochepa ngati dothi lopanda mfulu. Mukukula mbewu zazing'ono pogwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi.
