Sitiroberi zamtchire - timazitcha kuti sitiroberi

Munda wa sitiroberi wolimidwa, kapena chinanazi cha chinanazi (Fragaria ananassa) nthawi zambiri amatchedwa molakwika sitiroberi, womwe umatchulanso mtundu wina wa botanical.

Popeza tonsefe timazolowera kuyitcha mabulosi a sitiroberi, m'nkhaniyi ndidzaitcha kuti sitiroberi.

Strawberry - wamkulu antiseptic komanso odana ndi kutupa. Strawberry akuletsa kukula kwa chimfine. Kupezeka kwa ayodini mu kapangidwe ka sitiroberi kumakwaniritsa kusowa kwake kwa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madzi akumwa. Masamba obisa amakhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic. Chifukwa chake, zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Asisi ya salicylic yomwe imapezeka m'mabulosi apaderawa imathandizira kuchepetsa ululu wolumikizana.!

Strawberry amapangira kuchepa kwachitsulo mu kuchepa kwa magazi. 200 g ya mabulosi atsopano adzakhala ndi: 60 calories, 4.6 g wa fiber, 0 g mafuta, 1.2 g mapuloteni, 14 g mafuta, 28 mg wa calcium, 0,8 mg wachitsulo, 20 mg wa magnesium, 38 mg wa phosphorous, 54 mg wa potaziyamu, 1.4 mg wa selenium, 113.4 mg Vitamini C, 35.4 μg Folic Acid, 54 IU Vitamini A.

Masks a Strawberry amauma bwino ndikuchiritsa ziphuphu zakumaso, pores yopapatiza. Mafuta onunkhira a sitiroberi watsopano ndiye mafuta abwino kwambiri! Uku ndi kuchiritsa kozizwitsa pakuchotsa mawanga azaka ndi ma freckles.

Strawberry ndiwodziwika bwino pochiritsa, koma ndiosavuta kutaya monga ilili. Chifukwa chake, kusungidwa kwa sitiroberi ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale!

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti sitiroberi sangathe kusungidwa mufiriji nthawi yayitali. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mabulosi, omwe amatha kupangidwa bwino ndikuchita ma nitrate, amasintha kukhala chisokonezo chamadzimadzi. M'malo mwake, ndibwino kusasungira mabulosi onse. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti idye pasanathe masiku awiri mutakolola. Ngati, komabe, pakufunika kusungirako zipatso mufiriji, ndiye kuti musatsuke sitiroberi musanasungidwe.

Strawberry (zipatso) ndiwathanzi monga momwe alili wamkulu, chifukwa chake samalani ndi "mtendere wamalingaliro" wake!

Udzu wamasamba udawoneka m'zaka za XVIII chifukwa cha kupukuta kwamodzi kwa mitundu iwiri yaku America - Chile ndi Namwali. Kuchokera pa mtundu wosakanizidwa, mitundu yonse yamakono inapita.

Strawberry - Super Intensive chikhalidwe. Mukadzabzala kumayambiriro yophukira, ndiye kuti nthawi yotsatira chilimwe mungathe kusankha zipatso. Koma ngakhale sitiroberi limakhala pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri, limapereka zokolola zambiri pazaka zitatu zoyambirira. Ndi chilimwe chilichonse chotsatira, chilichonse chidzachepa ndi kuchuluka: zipatso, kukoma kwake ndi kukula kwake. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga sitiroberi sitimadzakulitsa.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya sitiroberi. Ndipo chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa obereketsa, kuchuluka kwawo kukuchulukirachulukira. Izi ndi zochepa chabe. Choyamba, awa ndi mitundu yoyambirira 'Alfa' (wokoma, wowawasa), mchere "Vega 'ndi' Holiday ', wokoma komanso wowawasa' Talka '. Zoyambirira zapakatikati zimaphatikizapo zipatso zazikuluzonse 'Vityaz', 'Zodabwitsa', 'Ducat'. Pali ambiri amakalasi onse apakatikati: lalikulu 'Kokinsky wangwiro', mchere wotsekemera 'Zokoma', supu yayikulu 'Troitskaya', 'Fireworks', 'Relay mbio'. Zosiyanasiyana 'Bounty', 'Red Gauntlet', 'Zenith' - wapakatikati mochedwa, ndi 'Borovitskaya' - osiyanasiyana mochedwa.

Kukonzanso mitundu ndizodziwika kwambiri masiku ano - ndiko kuti, zomwe zimapanga zokolola kangapo pachaka. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yotereyi imakongoletsa kwambiri - nyengo yonseyo imakhala ndi maluwa ndi zipatso. Ndipo ngati mutabzala tchire zingapo mumtsuko kapena basiketi, ndiye kuti kuponya masitulu moyenera kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ma masi. Koma kumbukirani: pakati pa msewu, masimba amenewo amawotchera mu chosungiramo kapena pa khonde lokhazikika.

Pa mbande zikuyenera kukhala masamba atatu kapena anayi obiriwira athanzi. Malovu sayenera kuchita mantha - atha kupanga bwino chifukwa chouma kuchokera mumtengowo posinthanitsa. Chachikulu ndichakuti "mtima" (impso yapakati, tsamba lomwe silidaphutse) lonse. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugula mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekedwa - ndiye kuti mbewuyo idzagwera mizu.

Zosiyanasiyana

Pali mitundu yambiri ya sitiroberi. Ndipo chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa obereketsa, kuchuluka kwawo kukuchulukirachulukira.

Mpikisano wapaulendo - Mitundu yakucha-sing'anga, yolimbana kwambiri ndi matenda. Mbewu zimabweretsa pamwamba. Zipatsozo ndizazikulu: zoyambirira - mpaka 35 g, kulemera kwakukulu - 16 g.
Ducat - mchere zosiyanasiyana kukula sing'anga. Yokolola, osagwira matenda ndi chilala. Zipatso ndi zazikulu: woyamba - mpaka 30 g, kulemera kwakukulu - 13-18 g.
Utatu - mchere zosiyanasiyana kukula sing'anga. Zima-Hardy, kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda. Mbewu ndizokwera. Zipatso ndi zazikulu: woyamba - 22 g, kulemera kwakukulu - 11 g.
Zemklunika - wapadera, onunkhira kwambiri, pakati koyambirira. Zimapezeka podutsa masamba a udzu ndi zipatso zamtchire. Zambiri zokolola zimangopereka chilimwe kutentha ndi kuthirira kwambiri. Chifukwa chosowa moto ndi dzuwa, mbewu zimasanduka zakuda zipatso.
Borovitskaya - Imodzi mwa mitundu ya nthawi yakucha kwambiri. Tchire ndi lamphamvu, lokhazikika, lolimba. Zipatsozo zimakhala zazikulupo, kukolola koyamba zimafika 35 g, mawonekedwe oyenera onenepa. Khungu limakhala lofiira mpaka lalanje. Kuguwa kwake ndi kofiyira, kofiyira pang'ono, konunkhira, makomedwewo ndi okoma komanso wowawasa. Kukana kwazizira ndikokwera. Kukanani ndi zovuta za matenda.
Corrado (Phwando) - sing'anga yoyambira yosiyanasiyana, chitsamba chachikulu-pakati, wowongoka. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu, zopusa nthawi zonse, zimakhala ndi khungu lofiirira. Kuguza kwa chipatso ndi kofewa, kotakata, kununkhira kumakhala kokoma komanso kowawasa. Hardiness yozizira ndiyambiri. Chokoma kwambiri mwatsopano mawonekedwe ndipo ndi abwino kuzizira. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi zovuta za matenda.
Mlendo - mitundu yakucha yakucha, yamphamvu yolimba, yophukira. Zipatsozo ndizazikulu, zozungulira zozungulira, zodulidwa pansi, zimakhala ndi khungu lofiira. Guwa ndilopakika, lofiirira lakuda, kukoma kwake ndi kotsekemera komanso kowawasa, kununkhira. Chokoma chatsopano, chosungidwa bwino kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zolimba, zosagwirizana ndi matenda a fungus.

Kukonzanso mitundu:

Mfumukazi Elizabeth II - kalasi yodziwika kwambiri yokonza. Ngati mwakula pa khonde lotentha kapena m'munda wozizira, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imatha kuchotsedwa Chaka Chatsopano chisanachitike. Zipatso ndizabwino kwambiri, kukoma kwa mchere, wokhala ndi zamkati, cholinga chaponseponse. Hardiness yozizira ndiyambiri. Zipatso kuyambira Epulo mpaka Novembala.
Chozizwitsa chachikasu - zopatsa mphamvu komanso nthawi yozizira. Zipatso mu June mpaka chisanu. Zipatsozo ndizing'ono, zolemera 8 g, zonunkhira zamtchire zamtchire. Khungu limakhala lachikaso. Guwa ndi loyera, osati loyera kwambiri.

Mitundu yokongoletsa:

Pink panda - Mtundu wokongoletsa mwapadera ndi maluwa achilendo a pinki. Izi sitiroberi sizimabala zipatso.
Baron Solemacher - Alpine sitiroberi wamtchire, yemwe amapatsa zipatso zazing'ono zotentha zonse chilimwe. Imalekerera mthunzi wosakhalapo ndipo imazika mizu ngakhale pazenera za nyumba zamatawuni.

Mitundu yolimba yozizira:

Knight
Ma Tidbits
Cinderella
Sudarushka
Nightingale

Zowonongeka kwambiri ndi chisanu:

Zovuta
Gigantella
Kadinala
Msonkhano
Brighton
Tristar

Mitundu ya Powdery mildew:

Msungwana
Zozimitsa moto
Cinderella
Zokopa
Kadinala
Ma Tidbits

Mitundu yolimbana kwambiri ndi tsamba loyera ndi loyera:

Zokopa
Zosangalatsa
Zozimitsa moto
Torpedo

Zopatsa zipatso kwambiri:

Knight
Chirich
Alefa
Alumali

Mitundu yolekerera (mitundu siyingatengeke ndi matenda amtundu wa masamba):

Cinderella
Knight
Chirich
Nightingale
Utatu

Malo okula

Strawberry imamera bwino pachitunda, pamalo pomwe panali malo oyang'ana kumwerapadu. Mutha kulima sitiroberi pamalo otsetsereka, komanso malo otsika momwe mpweya wozizira umasonkhana, pomwe mbewu zimalandilidwa mochedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa matenda kumakulirakulira.

Zotsatira zosakhutira zimapezekanso pamalo otsetsereka kumwera, komwe matalala amasungunuka mwachangu, zotulukazo zimawululidwa. Strawberry ndimakonda chinyontho, koma salekerera kuthirira kwamadzi. Malo omwe mabulosi amakula ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo, popeza gawo la mizu imazizira pakumazizira kwambiri kwa 10-12 ° C, motero ndikwabwino nthawi yozizira pansi pa chipale chofewa chomwe chimakhala ndi 20-25 cm.

Strawberry sayenera kukhala wamkulu zaka 4 m'malo amodzi (Zaka 2-3 ndizabwino), popeza matenda osiyanasiyana ndi fungus matenda amadziunjikira, monga: wilt, imvi ndi zola zowola ndi matenda ena.

Kuswana

Masamba opangidwa ndi mbande (matako). Mbande zimagulidwa kapena kubzala paokha malo obzala, omwe amabzala pamiphukira (masharubu) a tchire la chiberekero. Maseke abwino kwambiri ndi awa omwe ali pafupi ndi chitsamba. Palibe zopitilira zitatu zomwe zatsalira pa mphukira, mpaka mpaka 5 zingasiyidwe, koma mu izi zomaliza ziwiri sizipanga zochepa kuposa zitatu zoyambirira. Mphukira mpaka 5 nthawi zambiri zimasiyidwa pachitsamba chimodzi cha chiberekero, chilichonse chimakhala ndi ma rosette atatu. Kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi landirani zidutswa 15 zodzikongoletsa bwino.

Monga ma rosette amawonekera pa mphukira, okhazikika mu dothi lonyowa, i.e. mizu yaying'ono imalowera munthaka. Mutha kubzala zitsulo m'miphika yaying'ono yamafuta, pomwe miphika imadzalidwa ndi dothi.

Simungathe kubzala zipatso ndi zipatso pa tchire la chiberekero nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chake, zoyambira zoyambirira zomwe zimawonekera zimachotsedwa. Mbande zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka ku tchire la chaka chachiwiri cha zipatso.

Dothi limakhala bwino acid pH = 5-6, makamaka loamy ndi sandy loamy nthaka yokhala ndi humus ndi michere. Dothi lozizira ngati Clayy popanda kulima silabwino. Pa dothi lonyowa lomwe lili ndi madzi ochepa pansi, mabulosi amayenera kulimidwa pamabedi akulu. Pa dothi lamchenga, sitiroberi, monga lamulo, limapereka zokolola zochepa ndi zipatso zazing'ono, popeza nthawi zonse pamakhala kusowa chinyezi ndi mbewu za sitiroberi pamadothi awa amamva kuponderezedwa. Chifukwa chake, pakubzala sitiroberi, mundawo umalimidwa miyezi iwiri isanabzalidwe.

Mabedi achinyengo

Zilonda m'malo otsika, komanso komwe pansi pamayandikira, pangani kutalika kwa 30-30 cm. M'malo owuma, zitunda sizitali, 8-10 cm, popanda zitunda. M'litali mwake muli masentimita 90-100. Chidebe cha ndulu ndi chidebe cha peat zimawonjezeredwa padothi lodzaza, ndipo chidebe cha dothi louma, peat ndi humus ndi makilogalamu 3-4 a utuchi zimawonjezeredwa pamadothi amchenga.

Pa peat dothi kuwonjezera 10 mchenga ndi 6 makilogalamu ndowe humus, ndi dongo 12 makilogalamu mchenga, 10 makilogalamu ndowe kapena manyowa ndi 5 makilogalamu a hafu wakucha utuchi.

Mwa feteleza wachilengedwe pachikuta chilichonse, onjezani supuni ziwiri za nitrophosphate kapena ROST-1. Ngati timapanga mabedi m'dzinja, ndiye kuti timawonjezera magalasi ena awiri a ufa wa dolomite ndi kapu imodzi ya phulusa, ndipo ngati mabedi ataphika mchaka, kuphatikiza nitrofoska kapena ROST-1, theka la lita imodzi (0.5 l) ya phulusa lamatabwa ndiwonjezerapo.

Sitimangowonjezera feteleza ndi chlorine pansi pa sitiroberi, popeza chlorine ndiowopsa kwa ma foloko.

Dongosolo la ufa wa Dolomite kapena zinthu zina zopatsa thanzi zitha kuyikidwa pansi pa sitiroberi kokha nthawi yophukira osati masika, popeza ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu wa fluffy umakhala ndi calcium pakapangidwe kake, kamene kamakhudza mavuto a mbewu, ngati atengedwa musanabzalidwe.

Bedi limakumbidwa mpaka pakuya masentimita 30 mpaka 35, kwinaku likuyang'anitsitsa maudzu onse, namsongole (tirigu, mmero, mitengo), ndikuchotsanso mphutsi za chikumbu cha May ndi chikumbu cha waya wachikasu.. Pambuyo pokumba, timawongola bedi ndi kuwaza ndi kachigawo kakang'ono kozungulira (mpaka 2 cm) mchenga wowuma, apo ayi, ma slog, nkhono, centipedes amakula kwambiri, chifukwa tizirombo timayamba kukhazikika pamtunda wonyowa, ndipo mchenga umadzuka mwachangu, amawotchera ndipo izi zimawakhudza. .

Mizere yokonzekera kubzala sitiroberi mu nthawi yophukira kapena masika itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito musanadzalemo sitiroberi pakukula mbewu zotsatirazi: saladi zonse zamasamba, sipinachi, nyemba, katsabola, kabichi, kohlrabi. Asanabzala sitiroberi, bedi liyenera kumasulidwa ndi ma pitchfork, opendekera mosavuta, oponderezedwa, amathiriridwa pamlingo wa malita 10 pa mita imodzi ndipo amathandizidwa ndi njira ya mkuwa sulfate (supuni ziwiri za sulfate yamkuwa zimapukutidwa ndi malita 10 amadzi) ndikuthirira bedi pamlingo wa 1.0-1, 5 malita pa lalikulu mita.

Tikufika

Tsiku labwino kwambiri lotentha ndi chilimwe, kuyambira pa Julayi 20-25. Kubzala kumachitika nthawi yamitambo kapena nthawi yamadzulo, kuti mbewu zimayambirane usiku. Mbande zibzalidwa (matako) okhala ndi masamba 3-4, mtima wopangidwa bwino ndi mizu. Mbande zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba chamchiberekero ndipo zimakumbidwa ndi mtanda wonyowa wa dziko lapansi ndipo nthawi yomweyo zibzalidwe m'mundamo. Ngati mbande zimagulidwa kuchokera kunja, zimatsukidwa ndi mizu yankho lotsatira. Tengani supuni zitatu za mchere wa tebulo ndi supuni imodzi ya sulfate yamkuwa ndi kulowetsedwa mu 10 malita a madzi ndikuthiriridwa mu njira iyi ya kutulutsa kwa mphindi 10-15. Kenako amachotsedwa ndikutsitsidwa ndi madzi oyera ndipo mbande zimakhala ndi mizu yoyeretsedwa.

Pambuyo pa mankhwalawa, mbande zimabzalidwa pabedi. Mukabzala mbande zamtundu uliwonse, mutha kuzama kapena kukulitsa mtima, mwinanso nthawi imodzi imazika, ndipo winayo, kumawuma.

Mukabzala, muyenera kufalitsa mizu bwino, onetsetsani kuti sagwada. Kapena monga chonchi: mulu umathiridwa m dzenje ndipo mbande zimayikidwamo, ndikumwaza mizu mosamala ndikuwaza ndi lonyowa.

Mutabzala, sitiroberi la sitiroberi nthawi yomweyo liyenera kuthiridwa mosavuta kuchokera kuthirira yaying'ono ndikumwaza.

Mbande zobzalidwa bwino zimapanga chitsamba chabwino nthawi yozizira, zomwe zimathandizira kuchulukira kwakanthawi. Chaka chotsatira (chilimwe) ku tchire izi timapeza zokolola zabwino - ma sitiroberi a chaka choyamba cha zipatso.

Kwa mitundu yoyambirira komanso yapakatikati, kubzala chaka choyamba kumapangidwa kukhala kofinya, i.e. pakati pamizere 60 cm, mzere 15 cm. Ndi chodzikirira chonchi mchaka choyamba cha zipatso, sitiroberi zimapereka zipatso zambiri chifukwa chakuthwa. Mbewu yokolola ikatha, chitsamba chilichonse chimachotsedwa, ndipo chitsamba chongotchera chitsamba chimangokhala pabedi mzere wamtunda wa 30 cm.

Mitundu ya mochedwa, njira yodzala mchaka choyamba ndi pakati pa mizere 60 cm, mzere - chomera kuchokera 20 cm. Mukatola koyamba mbewu yotentha, sekondi iliyonse imachotsedwa, ndipo chomera chimakhalabe pamzere kuchokera pa chomera mtunda wa 40 cm.

M'chaka choyamba cha zipatso, sitiroberi zimapereka zokolola zambiri chifukwa cha kukulira m'mizere. M'chaka chachiwiri cha zipatso, zipatso za sitiroberi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizopamwamba kwambiri komanso zipatso zazikulu. M'chaka chachitatu, zokolola sizimachepa, koma zipatsozo ndizocheperako pang'ono. M'chaka chachinayi pali kuchepa kwa zokolola ndipo zipatso zimaphwanyidwa. Chifukwa chake, pambuyo pa chaka chachitatu cha zipatso, sitiroberi zimachotsedwa, i.e. amakumba ndi kuwotcha mlengalenga lonse ndi mizu.

Chisamaliro

Mbeu zobzalidwa pabedi zimakutidwa ndi mapepala kwa masiku awiri oyambilira, kenako tsiku lililonse, katatu patsiku, zimathiridwa pamadzi kuthirira ndikuwaza malita 2-3 pa mita imodzi kwa sabata, kuti mbande zimalandiridwa bwino. Kutsogololi, kuthirira kamodzi tsiku lililonse la 6-7, nyengo yotentha, kuthilira madzi ambiri, pambuyo masiku 4-5 pamlingo wa 8-10 malita pa lalikulu mita. Ngati mapesi amodzi amaoneka pazomera, amachotsedwa.

Mwezi wa Ogasiti, amapanga dothi kuti lifike masentimita 5. Mu Okutobala, bedi lokhala ndi malo okalalalidwa limalungika (kuwazidwa) ndi wosanjikiza kwa masentimita 5-6 bwino ndi peat kapena utuchi wamatabwa. Mwezi wa Novembala, kuphimba ndi nthambi za nthambi za spruce kuti chipale chofewa chisakhale pakama. Pazisanu zoyambirira (mphindi 8-10 ° С), sitiroberi ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chipale chofewa mpaka 10-12 cm.