Ngati mulibe ntchito yotolera zipatso zamatcheri posachedwa, muyenera kuyesa kubzala zipatso zamtundu wa Shpanka m'munda. Chitumbuwa ichi chidawonekera chifukwa cha kusankha kwa wowerengeka ku Ukraine chifukwa chodutsa ma cherries ndi ma cherries, chifukwa chake, pakufotokozera kwa Shpanka wamitundu mitundu ndipo pachithunzichi pali zodziwika bwino za onse awiri. Nthawi zambiri Shpanka amatha kupezeka m'minda yaku Ukraine, koma ku Russia ndi Moldova, mitunduyi idalandiranso.
Kufotokozera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitumbuwa Shpanka, chithunzi cha masanjidwe ake
Mtengo wa chitumbuwa pawokha umakula kwambiri - mpaka 6 mita, korona wamtundu wapakati. Nthambi zikuluzikulu ndi nthambi zakale zimakhala ndi khungwa lozama, ndipo nthambi zazing'ono ndi zofiirira. Chifukwa chakuti ku Shpanka, nthambi zimamera mbali yakumanja kufikira kuwombera kwa amayi, nthawi zambiri zimasweka chifukwa cha nyengo, nyengo yambirimbiri ya zipatso kapena pokolola.
Masamba a haibridi (osiyana ndi yamatcheri wamba) amawongoka, m'malo mwake, ngati chitumbuwa, amakula mpaka 8 cm. Ali ndi utoto wopindulitsa kawiri: kuchokera pamtunda wobiriwira kupita pamtambo wobiriwira wamtambo. Anzanuwo ndi pinki. Nthawi yamaluwa, chitumbuwa chimaponyera inflorescence ndi maluwa akuluakulu a 2-3, mitundu isanu iliyonse.
Zipatso za Spanky ndizambiri, mpaka magalamu 5, mtundu wa burgundy, palinso tint yofiirira. Monga mukuwonera pazithunzi ndi kufotokoza kwa Shpanka chitumbuwa, amawoneka ngati ma cherries mawonekedwe - osachedwa kupendekeka, 1 cm mulifupi, pafupi kuwononga poyambira pakati. The zamkati zipatso, chikasu ndi yowutsa mudyo, ali ofanana ndi lokoma chitumbuwa - yemweyo wandiweyani homogeneous kapangidwe amene sapezeka mu yamatcheri. Chifukwa chake, msuzi wochokera kumatcheri oterewa ulibe utoto wofiirira. Koma, kuti tileke ku chitumbuwa, fupa laling'ono limachoka pachitsime.
Kucha zipatso sikofanana, kumachitika mu June-kumayambiriro kwa Julayi. Kapangidwe kazithunzithunzi zamtunduwu ndizofanana ndi yamatcheri - kutalika konse kwa mphukira yapachaka kapena chovunda chamkati mozungulira nthambi. Pazifukwa izi, mphukira imafunikira kudulira kwakanthawi. Koma mosiyana ndi yamatcheri, kukhomera nthambi ku zipatso ndiosalimba, chifukwa chake kucha kwamatcheri kumatha kutha.
Zosiyanasiyana za chitumbuwa Spanka zimabala zipatso zochuluka kuyambira chaka cha 6 cha moyo. Komabe, pa zitsamba, zipatso zochepa zoyambirira zimatha kukolola mchaka chachitatu cha moyo wa mmera. Chaka chilichonse chotsatira, zokolola zimachuluka, ndipo patatha zaka 15, mpaka 50 kg za zipatso zimachotsedwa pamtengo umodzi.
Zosiyanasiyana sizilekerera mayendedwe, choncho ndi bwino kuzigwiritsa ntchito popanga kupanikizana, ma compotes, vinyo, kupanikizana kapena kuphika.
Spanka Cherry ali ndi masamba angapo, zithunzi zomwe zimaperekedwa pansipa:
- Dzala shpanka (osapitirira 3 metre kutalika).
- Shpanka Bryansk (wamkulu pakati 3 mpaka 4 mita).
- Shpanka Kurskaya (4 mita).
- Shpanka Shimskaya (mitundu yayitali-yosagwirizana ndi chisanu ku zigawo zakumpoto).
- Shpanka Donetsk (woyamba kucha wosakanizidwa yamatcheri Valery Chkalov ndi yamatcheri Donchanka).
- Shpankka yayikulu-zipatso.
- Shpanka koyambirira (amakolola koyambirira kwa chilimwe).
Ngakhale kuti Shpanka amadziwika kuti ndiwopatsa thanzi, amafunika ma pollinator owonjezera. Ndi mitundu ina yamatcheri ndi yamatcheri. Cherry Griot wa Ostheim, Cherry wokhazikika amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakupanga kwa Mapani.
Shpanka yamagetsi imalekerera bwino onse muzilimwe zowuma komanso kuzizira kwambiri, komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi coccomycosis. Kuti ikule ndikukula zipatso, mitunduyi imafunikira nthaka yopepuka komanso yopatsa thanzi. Ngati dothi silikhala bwino pazinthu zabwino, mtengowo umayamba "kulira" - kuwoneka kuti kwawotchedwa ndipo zikatulutsa zofanana ndi utomoniwo zidzaonekera pachitengo chachikulu ndi nthambi zammbali.
Zambiri zodzala mbande
Spanka chitumbuwa chili ndi chake chodzala ndi chisamaliro. Ponena za kubzala, malo oyenera kubzala mmera ndi malo padzuwa mpanda - amateteza chitumbuwa ku mphepo yowononga chifukwa chake. Ndibwinonso ngati ndi phirili, makamaka chifukwa chopezeka pafupi ndi nthaka. Pankhani yodzala dimba lonse pakati pa mbande, muyenera kusiya mtunda wa mamita 4.
Monga tanena kale, mitundu yamchere ya Shpanka imakonda dothi lotayirira, lopatsa thanzi. Ndi kuchuluka acidity nthaka, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera laimu kuchokera pakuwerengera:
- kwa malo oyesa mchenga - 500 g pa 1 sq.m.;
- kwa loamy - 800 g pa 1 sq.m.
Pamaso pa dothi lolemera, mchenga umawonjezedwamo.
Pofuna kuti isatenthe mizu ya mmera, ikaulowetsa m'nthaka ya laimu, ili bwino pansi.
Kubzala kwa Autumn (Seputembala) ndi koyenera kum'mwera, koma kum'mawa ndibwino kubzala shpanka kasupe. Mukabzala yamatcheri mu nthawi yophukira, kukumba dzenje ndikunyowa masabata awiri musanabzale. Mbali yodzala masika ndikuti dzenje lobzala (50x100 cm) likonzeke mu kugwa. Dothi lochokera kudzenje limasakanizidwa ndi feteleza. Pa mmera umodzi (kutanthauza dzenje limodzi), tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza motere:
- Chidebe 1 cha humus;
- 500 g chosintha phulusa;
- 200 g wa superphosphate;
- 100 g wa feteleza wa potashi.
Mbewu za Cherry ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti ziwonongeke musanabzala. Ngati mizu yathyoledwa, iyenera kudulidwa. Ngati mizu youma yapezeka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mmera m'madzi ofunda, omwe kuwonjezera uchi wochepa.
Thirani mtengo wofesedwa ndi madzi ofunda (zidebe 3), kwinaku mukuyang'anira malo omwe khosi limayambira. Malinga ndi malamulo oyendetsa, ayenera kukhala pamtunda ndi nthaka.
Magawo a chisamaliro cha chitumbuwa: kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba, kudulira
Ngakhale kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yolekerera chilala, ndikofunikira kuthirira tchuthi kwambiri nthawi yakula. Nthawi yoyamba - nthawi yamaluwa (Epulo-Meyi), chachiwiri - pa kucha kwa zipatso (khumi yachiwiri ya June). Ngati simumatsanulira ndowa ziwiri kapena zitatu zamadzi pansi pa nthawi iliyonse, zipatso zimatha kusintha kakomedwe kawo. Pofuna kupewa kunyowa, mulch nthaka mozungulira mmera ndi kompositi kapena utuchi. Nthawi ndi nthawi mumasula pansi pa mtengo ndikuyeretsa udzu.
Chapakatikati, mtengowu umadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, Bordeaux acid, ndipo kumapeto - ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. M'malo otumphukira komanso ozizira, alimi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wowerengeka amalangiza kupopera mbewu yamatcheri ndi madzi otentha ndi uchi. Yankho lofananalo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukopa tizilombo nthawi ya maluwa. Ponseponse, mtengowo umayenera kukumezeredwa katatu pachaka: kawiri pakula ndipo kamodzi mukugwa mukakumba.
Mu nthawi yophukira, muyenera kukonzanso cherries kuti muzitha nyengo yachisanu: chotsani masamba ndi udzu pansi pa mtengo, kukumba, kuphimbira thunthu. Kupaka laimu yoyera, onjezerani sopo ochapira ndi sulfate yamkuwa. Matalala akawoneka, adzazeni ndi bwalo lozungulira, mupondereze bwino, kuphimba ndi utuchi kuchokera kumwamba. Manipulogalamu oterowo amalola kuti pakhale chiyambi chamaluwa ndikuletsa kufa kwa inflorescence ku masika a masika.
Kotero kuti korona wa chitumbuwa samakhala wokulirapo pakapita nthawi, ndipo nthambi siziphula pansi pa mbewuyo, zimakonzedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthambi zoyambilira zimayamba kuuma patadutsa zaka 7 mitengo itabzalidwa.
