Wofesa aliyense amakhala ndi malingaliro ake pazakudya zowonjezera zamaluwa mu April. Malingaliro awa ndi osiyana kwathunthu. Mukungoyenera kudziwa ngati feteleza ndi ofunika kwambiri pa maluwa mchaka ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi ati.
Chifukwa chiyani kuvala masika ndikofunikira?
Kukula kwa zobiriwira zambiri m'miyezi yophukira ndi yotentha, mapangidwe a maluwa ndi maluwa, kukonzekera kwa chomera chatsopano maluwa kumatengera kukula kwathunthu kwa kakombo. Zonsezi zimatheka pokhapokha ndikamadya oyenera omwe ali pansi pa chikhalidwe. Muzu wathanzi lamphamvu chomera chokhacho chimangokhala ndi kuphatikiza umuna nthawi yake.
Nthawi yoyamba feteleza tikulimbikitsidwa kuti izigwiritsidwa ntchito kufunda dothi lotentha, lomwe kutentha kwake ndi madigiri 6-7. Kutengera ndi nyengo ya kudera linalake, izi zitha kukhala kumayambiriro kwa Epulo kapena sabata yoyamba ya Meyi. Pakadali pano, maluwa ayenera kukula mpaka pafupifupi 10 cm. M'mbuyomu kudyetsa kulibe ntchito, chifukwa mababu sanakonzekere kuti azikhala ndi chakudya komanso kusungunuka madzi atha kutenga feteleza nanu limodzi.
Kufunika kwa feteleza mu kasupe kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kapangidwe ka nthaka munthaka zamaluwa. Nthaka yachonde, malo omwe ali ndi humus yochulukirapo patatha zaka 2-3 mutabzala maluwa, safuna kuvala kwapamwamba. Koma pamunda wopanda pake, mbewu zamaluwa izi zimawoneka zofooka popanda feteleza. Popanda chithandizo chowonjezera chazakudya, mbewuyo imataya zokongoletsera zake ndipo idzafunikira kuikidwa kumalo atsopano zaka zikubwerazi.
Zovala za masika zimakhala ndi zovuta zake. Ngati dothi ladzala ndi michere, ndiye kuti kukula kwachomera chonsecho (pamwambapa ndi pansi panthaka) chitha kukhazikika. Ochulukirapo feteleza amakhumudwitsa maluwa. Koma namsongole panthawiyi amayamba kukula mwachangu, pamene amadya chakudya chonse. Amakula kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa mbande zazing'ono zamaluwa, ndipo dziko lonse lapansi kwambiri limapita ku udzu wovuta. Maluwa amafunikira chisamaliro chowonjezereka ndi nthawi kuti atuluke, makamaka kuti muchotse.
Kupanga feteleza kwa maluwa
Kukula kwathunthu ndi kutulutsa maluwa kwa nyengo yonse yachilimwe, mavalidwe azotsatira zam'mawa amalimbikitsidwa:
- 1 tbsp ammonium nitrate pa lalikulu mita ya maluwa m'dera;
- Feteleza wophatikizira - nitroammofosk;
- Kwa 10 l amadzi - 1 l ya mphamvu yothira mullein;
- Kwa ma 10 l a madzi - 1 galasi la phulusa la nkhuni lomwe limasesedwa kale (limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi m'magulu onse a masika kapena kamodzi ndi madzi othirira);
- Manyowa kapena manyowa owola;
- Biohumus yochokera muzochitika ndi machitidwe a mawife;
Omwe alimi ndi odziwa zamaluwa salimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa kapena mullein watsopano ngati feteleza wa maluwa. Kuvala kwapamwamba kotereku kumathandizira kuonekera kwa matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana kapena fungus. Kuphatikiza apo, microflora yolusa ya feteleza imeneyi imatha kubweretsa mwachangu mababu ndi kufa kwa chomera chonse ngakhale nthawi yamaluwa isanayambe.
