Cattleya orchid wosalimba amaimira banja la orchid. Adabwera kuchipinda kwathu kuchokera kumadera otentha aku South America. Mtengowu udatchedwa dzina loyimira wokonza dimba William Catley, mu msipu womwe John Lindley kwa nthawi yoyamba adayesa maluwa akutulutsa maluwa ochokera ku nkhalango zaku Brazil. Nthawi zambiri, maluwa a Cattleya ndi ma epiphytes ndipo amatenga mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ndi nthambi. Mitundu ina imakhala kumapiri, ponena za mitundu ya lithophytic.
Kufotokozera kwa Cattleya Orchid
Cattleya Orchid ndiwosakhazikika kukula kapena kukula. Mizu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa amenewa amapangidwa mwanjira yoti imalola mbewu kukhala moyo wa epiphyte kapena lithophyte. Mizu yachilengedwe imathandiza chomera kuti chilumikizane ndi chithandizo: nthambi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yamiyala, mapangidwe a miyala. Zimayenda pang'ono kapena pansi.
Mizu ya mlengalenga - mawonekedwe a membphytic orchidsMizu yakale yomwe ikusowa ikusinthidwa ndi yatsopano. Mizu imachotsa chinyezi kuchokera kumlengalenga chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera: amakutidwa ndi velomen - nsalu ya hygroscopic.
Mizu imagwira ntchito zingapo - kuwonjezera pakukonza maluwa, amatenga michere ndi chinyezi kuchokera kumlengalenga ndi nthaka.
Zomwe zimayambira ndi ziwalo zazomera zabwino za chomera, ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri ndikusungidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa chinyontho ndi michere. Tsinde limatchedwa pseudobulb kapena tuberidia. Tsinde lililonse limatulutsa masamba owala. Masamba achikaso ndi zokoma amatenga mawonekedwe.
Maluwa a Cattleya amapanga inflemose inflorescence kapena pachimake okha. Maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka maluwa a Cattleya orchid ndi amitundu yonse ya maluwa. Amakhala ndi manda atatu ndi miyala itatu itatu, yomwe imasiyana mosiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi manda.
Zomwe zili pakati zimatchedwa "mlomo". Kwenikweni, milomo imakhala ngati chubu kapena cholembera. Mtunduwu ndi wowala kuposa ena ndipo uli ndi m'mphepete.
"Mlomo" ndi gawo la "kufikitsa" kwa tizilombo kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tomwe timayang'ana kulowa gawo lapadera la duwa kuti lipukutire. Corolla imatha kukula kuchokera mamilimita ochepa mpaka masentimita makumi awiri ndi asanu. Khalidwe limadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa.
Maluwa amapaka utoto oyera-oyera, pinki, rasipiberi kapena mithunzi ya lilac. Mitundu yambiri imatulutsa fungo lofanana ndi fungo la maluwa. Maluwa a Cattleya amakhala m'malo odulidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ngakhale osakonzanso madzi.
Cattleya orchid limamasula kwa mwezi umodzi kasupe kapena miyezi yophukirazimatengera zosiyanasiyana.
Kufalitsa maluwa
Cattleya anafalikira pogawa chitsamba. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika zaka zitatu zilizonse kapena zinayi, pomwe chomera cha mayi chija chimasulidwa mu dothi latsopano. Sankhani nthawi musanayambe mizu yatsopano. Maluwa amachotsedwa mosamala mumphika ndikuyika mu chidebe chamadzi kutifewetse gawo lapansi. Kenako mizu imamasulidwa ku dothi, ndikutsuka mosamala m'madzi.
Mukachotsa mizu yowonongeka ndi yakufa, mizu imayimitsidwa pamalo otentha. Tatha kugawidwa kuti pa chomera chilichonse pamakhala masamba atatu okha okhala ndi phula ndi mizu yamoyo. Zida zogwirira ntchito zimawilitsidwa kuti zisawononge mbewuyo ndi matenda.
Magawo owazidwa ndi makala kapena sinamoni, pomwepo mbewuzo zimadzalidwa mumiphika yosiyana.
Mitundu ya Cattleya
Mitundu ingapo ya Cattleya imadziwika, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Cattleya Bowring adabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Guatemala ndi Honduras. Maluwa a utoto wofiirira wa pinki amatengedwa mu inflorescence, wopanga makope asanu mpaka fifitini. Pseudobulbs amakhala ndi masamba awiri. Mtundu uwu imatha kuphuka nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Cattleya Bowling orchid blooms chaka chonseCattleya Forpent amakulira mu vivo ku Brazil. Maluwa amakhala sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri, pachimake mu Meyi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala a Satana. Amaluwa chaka chilichonse, kwa anthu omwe ali m'ndende sikufuna.
Cattleya Varshevich kuthengo amakhala kumapiri atali ku Colombia. Maluwa ndi akulu kwambiri, ma pseudobulbs amakhala ngati mpeso. Amasungunula pepala limodzi lalitali, lomwe limatha kufalikira kuyambira mainchesi khumi mpaka atatu.
Cattleya ndi mbadwa wakuthengo ku Brazil. Maluwa ake amapakidwa utoto wapinki ndi wachikasu. Pseudobulb wokhala ndi tsamba limodzi amakula mpaka masentimita makumi awiri ndi asanu. Masamba ndi achikopa.
Cattleya wosakanizidwa chimagwirizanitsa mitundu yonse, adapangidwa ndikuwoloka mitundu yazachilengedwe a orchid ndi masamba wamba.
Cattleya Ekland yamaluwa maluwa achikasu ndi azitona. M'mphepete mwa maluwa ndi wavy. Milomoyo imakhala yodzaza ndi pinki yokhala ndi rasipiberi. Ma pseudobulbs amafupikitsa masamba awiri aliyense. Zomera zimayambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chirimwe.
Orchid Ekland limamasula miyezi yochepa chabe - m'chilimweCattleya Percival adabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Venezuela. Maluwa amenewa amakula pamtengo komanso pansi. Ma piligine amatulutsa maluwa awiri okhala ndi mainchesi 6 mpaka asanu ndi atatu sentimita iliyonse. Mbale zamtunduwu ndi mawu osokonekera. Cattleya Percival limamasula mu Disembala ndi Januware.
Cattleya osasiyana komanso awiriwiri: onse a Cattleya amagawika m'magulu awiri - osagwirizana komanso awiriwiri. Zosiyanasiyana zoyambira zakometsedwa zimayambira zomwe zimakhala ngati mphete. Mitundu yachiwiriyo imakhala ndi ma pseudobulbs wooneka ngati silinda omwe amafika mpaka mita imodzi m'litali. Momwe nyumbayi ili, mitundu iwiri ya masamba awiri imakhwima.
Percival Orchid - Mitundu ya ku Venezuelan Cattleya yokhala ndi maluwa angapo pamutu uliwonseKusamalira Panyumba
Kuti musangalale ndi maluwa osalala a Cattleya kwa nthawi yayitali, mikhalidwe ina ifunika.
Kuwala ndi kutentha
Kuwala kumakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakukula kwa maluwa. Windo lomwe kuwala kambiri kumalowera ndi malo abwino. Kotero kuti dzuwa lowongolera silimawononga chomera chofowolacho, icho mthunzi wokhala ndi nsalu yotchinga.
Dongosolo lokonda maluwa pazenera zamawindo okhala ndi mawonekedwe akumwera, kummawa kapena kumwera chakumadzulo.
M'miyezi yachilimwe, Cattleya amasangalala kwambiri ndi chipika cha masamba owala ndi mawindo otseguka, kudzera momwe mpweya watsopano umayenda nthawi zonse. Cattleya amatetezedwa ku usilikali. Chongani kuchuluka kwa kuunikira ndi mtundu wa masamba: chikaso chakuda chimawonetsa kuwala kwakukulu, ndipo mtundu wobiriwira wakuda umaonetsa kusowa.
Cattleya amakula bwino firiji. Masamba sayenera kuloledwa kuwaza pakuwala. Ngati masamba adatenthedwa ndipo amawoneka ofunda akakhudzidwa, amapukutidwa ndi madzi kutentha kwa firiji.
Phula limayamba kukala pamene thermometer imawonetsa madigiri 16 mpaka makumi awiri. Cattleya limamasuka bwino ngati amaperekedwa kutentha kusiyanasiyana sikisi - zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
M'chilimwe, kuthirira ndizambiri. Kuthirira pafupipafupi kumadalira pakuwuma kwa gawo lomwe maluwa amakula. Kutsirira kotsatira kumakonzedwa pokhapokha dothi litakhala louma kwathunthu. Madzi pa kuthirira siziyenera kukhala pa zikumera zazing'ono.
Mukathirira, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti gawo lapansi likhala ndi nthawi youmaPambuyo pakutha ng'ombe, gawo silikhala madzi, koma lothira. Mwezi uliwonse amakulangizani kuti muzisambitsa
Chinyezi sichichita gawo lapadera.
Cattleya amasangalala kukhala mu poto lamadzi m'miyezi yotentha. M'masiku otentha, madzi abwino: osungunuka, okhazikika kapena mvula, amathiridwa pansi panthaka ndi orchid palokha. Njirayi imachepetsa kutentha ndipo imawonjezera chinyezi.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Manyowa orchid pa nthawi ya pseudobulbs. Kukula kukayima, mbewuyo sikadyetsedwanso. Yambitsanso njirayo pomwe peduncle iyamba kukula. Nthawi yamaluwa, mmera sukudyetsedwa.
Zosunga feteleza ndizofunikira kuzigwiritsa ntchito pozindikira zomwe zimayambira zaka za orchidZomera zimagulidwa m'misika yogulitsa masamba. Ayenera kukhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Kuphatikiza kudyetsa sankhani kochepetsetsa.
Kusankha kwa mphika ndi dothi
Kwa ng'ombe mphamvu iliyonse ndi yoyenera. Zabwino ndi mapoto apulasitiki owoneka bwino omwe samatenga kuwala. Nthaka imakhala ndi kutumphuka kocheperako komanso kakang'ono, sphagnum moss.
Kupatsirana kwa Orchid
Cattleya akukhala ndikuvutikira kovuta. Ngakhale matenga atatha, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti munthu achire, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imadzalidwa mosamala kwambiri.
Chomera chimasunthidwa ku gawo latsopanolo, pomwe chakalecho sichingasinthike, chimatulutsa ndi kutulutsa. Asanabzala, khungubwe limanyowa kwa masiku awiri, pambuyo pake madziwo amawathira, ndipo khungayo limatsukidwa ndi madzi abwino.
Kugulitsa ndikutanganidwa kwambiri ndi Cattleya wanu. Onetsetsani kuti mbewuyo ikuifunikiraValani pansi pamphika ngalande ndi makungwa akulu, mutabzala orchid ndikuwaza ndi mbali zazing'ono za khungwa.
Chisamaliro cha dzinja
Kusamalira kunyumba kwa Cattleya kumasiyana pakati pa nthawi yachilimwe ndi nthawi yachisanu. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri: Cattleya amamwe madzi kamodzi sabata iliyonse. M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisunge chinyontho motere: mphikawo umayikidwa mu thireyi lodzaza ndi timiyala tonyowa.
Njira inanso yowonjezera chinyezi ndikutsuka madzi kuchokera ku botolo lothira kuzungulira duwa.
Kumbukirani kuti Sizoletsedwa kupopera mbewu panu nthawi yozizira!
M'nyengo yozizira, Cattleya alibe umuna.
Nthawi yozizira ndi nthawi yomwe mikhalidwe ya chisamaliro choyenera cha orchid imasintha kwambiriMatenda ndi majeremusi
Imathandizira kuwunika thanzi la duwa mumphika wowonekera. Kusintha kwa mizu kumayimira kachilombo. Zowola ndi kachilombo zimayambitsa mbewuyo ngati yathiriridwa molakwika.
Amalimbana ndi mliriwo pochotsa mbali zowonongeka za chomera ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito mwapadera. Cattleya amakhudzidwa ndi matenda otsatirawa:
| Matendawa | Zizindikiro | Chifukwa | Chithandizo |
| kuvunda kwa mizu | kuda kwa masamba ndi mphukira | chinyezi chambiri chinyezi | chomera chodwala chikuwonongeka kapena kuyesera kuti chitsitsimutse |
| chlorosis | mawanga achikasu pamasamba | chitsulo chosakwanira | Maluwa amadzalanso, masamba amawaza ndi feteleza, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa okha |
| kachilombo ka mosaic | Kusintha kwa masamba ndi maluwa | chinyezi chochulukirapo cha gawo lapansi | kuwononga mbewu |
| imvi | mawanga amiyala pamasamba, wokutidwa ndi zolembedwa-zokhala ngati zolembedwa, zoyera za maluwa | chiwonongeko cha magawo owonongekakupopera mbewu gawo ndi maluwa ndi Kuprozan kapena njira zina | |
Zozungulira - matenda oopsa kwambiri omwe angayambitse kufa kwa duwaCattleya amagwidwa ndi majeremusi otere:
| Parasite | Chithandizo |
| chishango chachikulu | kuyeretsa pamwamba pa pepalalo ndi kukonzekera kwapadera |
| choyera | kusisita masamba ndi sopo ochapira kapena kuvula kosewera |
| mealybug | mmera umathiridwa mankhwala ndi sopo wamchere |
| aphid ndi kangaude mite | ntchito tizilombo |
Cattleya sachita maluwa: choti achite
Cattleya sikhala pachimake ngati zinthu zofunika pa izi sizikwaniritsidwa. Nthawi yakula, mbewu imasamalidwa bwino. Madzi othirira sayenera kukhala ndi laimu.
Mitundu ina imapanga maluwa pokhapokha ngati maola angapo amdima wathunthu. Komanso musaiwale za kutentha kofunikira osachepera madigiri atatu mpaka anayi.
Musaiwale za bungwe loyenererana la orchidNdemanga pazomera ndizosiyana: ena amaona kuti maluwawo ndi onyenga, ndipo wina awona kusinthasintha kwa orchid. Komabe, maluwa a Cattleya maluwa aliwonse azikongoletsa nyumbayo ngati atalandira chisamaliro choyenera ndi chisamaliro kuchokera kwa wobzala.
