Musanakonzekere bwino dimba, muyenera kuphunzira zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wothana ndi ntchitoyi. Kusinkhanitsa gawo ndikugawa kukhala magawo othandiza pamafunika nthawi yambiri komanso khama. Pofuna kuti musamakumane ndi zovuta panthawi yantchito, ndikofunikira kuti mupange dongosolo la kuchitiratu pasadakhale.
Ntchito ndi kukonzekera kukonzekera
Kuti malo azigwira ntchito mosavuta, ndikofunikira kudziwa pasadakhale komwe nyumbayo ingakhale, nyumba zaulimi, minda ndi minda yamasamba. Ngati mungadumphe magawo okonzekera, zovuta zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo ndi nyumba, mawonekedwe okongola nawonso amakhala operewera.
Kuyamba ndikukonzekera, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi mapulani amalo, malingana ndi komwe kulumikizanirana, nyumba ndi madera omwe ali m'minda yolimidwa. Ntchito yokonzekera imaphatikizapo kuphunzira za nthaka, kupuma, mawonekedwe, kupezeka kwa mayiwe. Nthawi zina, zitha kukhala zofunikira kukonza malo ochotsa zinyalala, kuchotsa kapena kuwonjezera kumtunda kwa dothi, kumanga malo akhungu kwa makoma, komanso kusanja pamtunda. Kuti muwerenge bwino za mtunda, ndikofunikira kuganizira zingapo:
- Kupeza bwino: mabwinja, zitunda, malo oyandama. Kutengera izi, njira yoyendetsera mauthenga imatsimikizika.
- Dothi: dongo, humus, mchenga. Kuti tikule mbewu zamunda, ndikofunikira kusamalira acidity ya nthaka. Chizindikiro ichi chiyenera kukumbukiridwa posankha maluwa, tchire ndi mitengo ya m'mundamo.
- Mawonekedwe a pulodi: lalikulu kapena amakona. Zimatengera mtundu wa momwe mungakonzekere kanyumba koyambira chilimwe momwe mungathere.
- Madzi oyandikira pansi. Pamaso pa nthaka yam'madzi yomwe ili pafupi, ndikofunikira kusamalira ngalande ndikuchotsa madzi.
- Nyengo ndi kuwinduka. Pamalo owombera ndikofunikira kupereka zowonjezera zowonjezera mbewu.
- Kuchulukitsa.
Mitengo yayitali ndi nyumba zaulimi ziyenera kukhala kumpoto kwa mundawo kuti zisapangitse chithunzithunzi tsiku lonse.
Popeza mwaphunzira ma nuances onse, mutha kupitilira kusankha mapangidwe, kapangidwe ndi ntchito yomanga.
Kusankha kachitidwe
Musanakonzekere munda, muyenera kuganizira njira yoyambira. Izi sizitanthauza kuti popanga gawo ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo ena, koma kuti apange malo ogwirizana, umodzi mwanjira zitatuzi ungatengedwe ngati maziko.
Mtundu wa geometric yaminda
Dzinali la kalembedwe kameneka limadzichitira zokha. Kupatula kwake ndi makonzedwe omveka bwino azinthu zonse za kapangidwe. Ili ndiye yankho labwino kwambiri la kanyumba kamnyengo yachilimwe. Poterepa, mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba zobzalidwa mwanjira ya lalikulu, amakona, bwalo, kapena mawonekedwe a cheke.
Kapangidwe ka misewuyo ndichowongoka, m'lifupi sikapitirira 80 cm (gawo ili ndilothandiza mbali zonse). Mukayika mabedi amaluwa, makonzedwe a maluwa, zokongoletsera, mzere umodzi womwe umakhalidwa.
Mawonekedwe
Zojambulazo zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe okongola, njira zopingasa zamunda, ndi mabedi amaluwa owala. Ndikofunika kusamalira momwe mungapangire chiwembu cha dimba pamalopo kale: gulani zokongoletsera zachilendo, sankhani zinthu zowongolera, ndikuganiza zopanga maiwe.
Kamangidwe kameneka ndi kabwino kupulumutsa nthaka, m'dera lomwe muli malo osungirako zachilengedwe, kukwera kapena chigwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lakapangidwe, mutha kusintha zolakwika za malowo kukhala zokopa zazikulu za mundawo.
Mtundu Wosakanikirana
Nthawi zambiri, omwe ali ndi ziwembu amasankha m'malo mwanjira yosakanikirana: kuphatikiza kwa mawonekedwe a geometric ndi pictorial. Izi zimawoneka zopindulitsa kwambiri pamtunda wosakanizika, pomwe theka la chiwembucho likhala lathyathyathya ndipo linalo mulibe.
Mukamasankha mapangidwe palibe chimango chokhazikika, chilichonse chimangokhala ndi ndalama ndi zokonda za eni. Ngati mukukumana ndi zovuta panthawi yopanga, muthane ndi opanga omwe angakuthandizeni kupanga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito malingaliro aliwonse.
Kupanga dongosolo
Chithunzi chojambulachi ndichofunikira pakugawa bwino kwa zinthu pamalopo. Itha kujambulidwa pawokha ndi dzanja, kapena kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta. Izi siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa, ngakhale zitakhala kuti kukonzekera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri. Kukhala ndi dongosolo m'manja, zidzakhala zosavuta kuthetsa mavuto ndi ogwira ntchito ndikuwongolera njirayi.
Zosintha mwatsatanetsatane ziyenera kukhala ndi mfundo zingapo:
- Komwe kuli malo onse omanga.
- Kuyika pamtunda, kuphatikiza malo obiriwira, mabedi amaluwa ndi mitundu yazomera.
- Fomu, malangizo ndi zida zamayendedwe wamunda.
- Madzi dongosolo lamadzi apansi panthaka.
- Dziwe labwino, ngati liperekedwa ndi ntchitoyi.
- Chiwerengero, kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kazowunikira.
- Mtengo wazopangira ndi ntchito ya akatswiri.
Momwe mungapangire chiwembu cha mundawo mwakugawa
Njira yakukonzekera dengalo idzakhala yosavuta kwambiri ngati mungagawe malowa mu magwiridwe antchito:
- malo okhalamo (10% ya malowa);
- malo oyika dimba ndi dimba lakhitchini (pafupifupi ½ gawo);
- nyumba zowonjezera, kuphatikizapo shawa ndi chimbudzi (15%);
- malo okhalamo (25% yotsalawo).
Kuchulukitsa kwa mundawo ndi dimba kumatha kusinthidwa m'malo mokomera, kutengera zokonda.
Ntchito yomanga nyumba
Kusamalira momwe mungakonzere bwino nyumbazo pamalopo, muyenera kudziwa malo omwe angamangidwe nyumba. Ndilo gawo ili lomwe lili pakatikati pa chigawocho ndipo lidzakhala chinthu chofunikira popititsa patsogolo masamba, malo osangalatsa ndi zipinda zothandizira.
Pomwe nyumbayo imakhudzidwa ndi cholinga cha nyumbayo yotentha:
- Pomwe nyumba yamtunda imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yopuma, nyumbayo iyenera kupezeka molingana ndi njira yomwe ikukonzekera, yoyenera moyenera munjira yonse.
- Ngati malo okonzekera kubzala angakonzedwe pamunda, ndikofunika kuti azikongoletsa nyumbayo pafupi ndi malire momwe angathere.
Kuphatikiza pa zofuna zanu, musanagawe malo ndi nyumba, zinthu zingapo ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:
- kuya kwa madzi apansi pansi (maziko a nyumbayo amatengera izi);
- kukhalapo kwa nyumba zapafupi (mtunda pakati pa nyumbayo ndi osachepera mita 6);
- kapangidwe ka mizere yolumikizirana yomwe ilipo kapena idakonzedwa;
- mitengo yayitali yomwe singadulidwe (mkati mwa masentimita 250 kuchokera kwa iwo, zomanga siziletsedwa);
- kuyika kwa nyumba yoyenerana ndi zomanga zina (osachepera 15 mita kuchokera kuchimbudzi, mita 6 kuchokera kuchimbudzi, mita 15 kuchokera nyumba zamafamu);
- kutalikirana kwa misewu ndi misewu (osapitirira 5 metres).
Kutsatira chinthu chilichonse ndikofunikira pantchito yomanga, ndipo zina mwa izo sizingalole kuti mumalize ntchitoyo. Ngati pali mpumulo wosagwirizana, ndibwino kuyika nyumba yokhazikika paphiri kuti isapange mthunzi pazomera. Kuti zitheke, ndikofunikira kusiya misewu yolowera magalimoto, kuphatikizapo galimoto ya cesspool, yaulere.
Kusankha zomwe mungamange pamalowo, muyenera kusankha zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Kufuna kumanga nyumba m'nthawi yochepa, ndikofunikira kupatsa chidwi ndi mtundu wa block kapena chishango.
Ntchito yomanga nyumba
Mapangidwe a nyumba zaulimi nthawi zambiri samaperekedwa chidwi. Izi sizowona, ngakhale atakhala kuti amabisidwa kwa maso awo. Kapangidwe ka dimba kameneka ndi komwe kamapangidwe kameneka mkati mwake. Ndikofunika kuyika nyumbayo mbali yakumpoto, kuti ateteze mbewu ku mphepo, osapanga mthunzi.
Ngati kapangidwe kake sikuloleza kumanga nyumba zogwirira ntchito zakuya kwa chiwembucho, kapangidwe kake kanayenera kukhala kogwirizana ndi kamangidwe ka nyumbayo, kapena kongoletsedwa ndi mitengo yayitali, tchire kapena munda wamphesa.
Nyumba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zapakhomo siziyenera kukhala pamalo otsika m'mundawo, kutero kungakhale kovuta kufikira nthawi yamvula.
Shawa yakunja ndi chimbudzi
M'nyumba yachilimwe, kuyika bafa ndi chimbudzi sikuperekedwa kawirikawiri, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamalira kuyika kwawo pamalowa. Pofuna kupulumutsa malo komanso kuthekera, ndibwino kuti mupange chimbudzi ndi shawa m'nyumba imodzi. Kuganiza momwe tingakonzekere bwino bwino bwino munda ndi zonse zofunikira, ndikofunikira kuganizira zovuta zingapo:
- chifukwa chanyontho kwambiri komanso kutuluka kwamadzi nthawi zonse, nyumbayo iyenera kukhala kutali ndi nyumba zina;
- chipindacho chizilandira kuchuluka kokwanira kwa kuwala kwachilengedwe;
- kapangidwe kokhala ndi dera lalikulu kakhazikike pamaziko.
Osasunga pazopangidwatu, kusakhala bwino kumayambitsa moyo wautumiki pang'ono ndikukonzanso.
Malo opumulirako
Mukafuna kudziwa malo okhala palibe malamulo omveka bwino. Iyi itha kukhala gazebo yopanda mawonekedwe mumithunzi ya mitengo yamunda, kapena magawo angapo omwe ali m'malo osiyanasiyana m'mundawo:
- malo osewerera ana ndi sandpit ndi slide;
- chipinda cham'munda, chomwe chimasewera ndi veranda, khitchini yachilimwe ndi dimba la maluwa;
- patio;
- grill yokutidwa ndi tebulo ndi mipando pansi pa denga;
- mabenchi okongola omwe amakhala pafupi ndi malo osungira (ngati alipo).
Njira zilizonse zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pokonzekera bwino malo osangalalira ndizochepa chabe. Lamulo lokhalo la nyumba zotere ndi limodzi: pakhale maluwa okongola komanso zitsamba zokongola kuzungulira.
Mukamapanga malo opumira ndi abwenzi, kapena kupumula kwatokha, chidwi choyenera chikuyenera kuperekedwa. Pakalibe chingwe chamagetsi, opangira dizilo adzapulumutsa.
Munda wamasamba
Kuti mudziwe komwe mungayikemo dengalo pamalowo, muyenera kusankha malo abwino kwambiri komanso omasuka. Kuti mupeze mbewu yayikulu, malowa ali ndi mabedi sayenera kukhala pamthunzi wa nyumba ndi mitengo yayitali, ngakhale zikhalidwe zina sizimakonda kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa. Mukamasankha masamba obzala, munthu ayenera kuganizira zomwe amafunikira kuti azikhala chinyezi, pafupipafupi kuthirira komanso kuwala. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa zolakwika ndikusankha malo oyenera mbewu iliyonse.
Poyang'ana koyamba, kukhazikitsa kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi nkhani yosavuta, koma poyikidwa mosayenera, kuchuluka kwake ndi mtundu wa mbande zitha kutsika kwambiri. Kukonzekera kanyumba kanyengo ndi wowonjezera kutentha kuyenera kuchitika malinga ndi malingaliro:
- Kuwala Zomera mu greenh m'nyumba zofunika dzuwa, kotero kapangidwe kake sikayenera kukhala mumthunzi wa nyumba zina kapena mitengo. Kucheperachepera, kumakula kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu.
- Mlingo wamadzi oyenda pansi, kupezeka kwa chosungira chapafupi komanso malo otsetsereka pamalowa.
- Makhalidwe a dothi. Ngati dothi lomwe lili mu wowonjezera kutentha silimathandizira kuti pakhale zokolola zambiri, ndikofunikira kuthira feteleza, kapena kubweretsa malo oyenera kubzala.
- Pogona Misewu yolowera ndi yolowera ku greenhouse iyenera kupezeka. Kuti athandizire kuthirira, madziwo ayenera kukhala oyandikira kwambiri.
Mutatha kudziwa komwe angayikemo mundawo ndikukhazikitsa nyumba yobiriwira, mutha kuyamba kulimbikitsa gawo.
Dera lamasamba
Musanakonzekere tsambalo ndikubzala maluwa, muyenera kupanga chojambula chamaluwa chamaluwa chamtsogolo. Izi sizingothandiza kusankha mbewu zoyenera, komanso kuwona momwe duwa lamaluwa lidzawonekera. Zoyala zimafunikira kukonza pafupipafupi, choncho zisawapangitse kwambiri. Kupanda kutero, kudzakhala kovuta kuchotsa udzu wamaluwa ndi manyowa.
Ponena za malowa, itha kukhala malo amderalo, kapena mabedi a maluwa osayimirika, mapiri ndi mapiri ataliatali omwazikana pamalopo, panjira kapena m'mphepete mwa chosungira.
Pofuna kuti musakumane ndi kusowa kwa malo mtsogolo, ngakhale pa siteji yopanga zojambula, ndikofunikira kuzindikira malo omwe mabedi az maluwa ali ndi malire kuti awonjezere.
Opanga ziboliboli, ziwonetsero zachilendo za ngwazi ndi zinyama, ziboliboli, akasupe azithandiza kuwonjezera mgwirizano, kukongola komanso chithumwa. Zinthu zokongoletsera izi ziyenera kuyikidwa m'malo otchuka, kukopa chidwi.
Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira muyeso ndikusankha miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe ili yoyenererana ndi gawo lonse.
Njira yodziwika pakati pa opanga zithunzi ndi yogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokongoletsera zokhala ndi chida chojambulidwa ndi chithunzi cha kapangidwe kake ndi chiwembu cha mundawo: nyumba zosungiramo mbalame ndi zokudyetsa, mipando yazithunzi, maluwa.
Kapangidwe ka munda wamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Njira zosavuta zosankha momwe mungakonzekere chiwembu chamagulu, koma si nthawi zonse gawo lili ndi mawonekedwe. Kutengera izi, zosankha zakapangidwe zingasinthidwe.
Dera lozungulira
Njira yabwino kwambiri yanyumba yachilimwe, yomwe imakulolani kuti muzindikire malingaliro anu onse. Poterepa, dera ladzalirali ndilofunika kwambiri - laling'ono pomwe, malo omwe amagwirako ntchito azikhala.
Ngati muli ndi danga laling'ono, mutha kudzipatula kuti mukhale ndi nyumba yaying'ono, mabedi, malo osanja komanso yaying'ono, maluwa okongola ozungulira mozungulira. M'lifupi mwa njanji ziyeneranso kukhala zofanana ndi malo omwe alipo, osati ambiri mwa iwo.
Maonekedwe okongola
Mawonekedwe apamwambawo amakakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito luso lakapangidwe kuti iwongolere zinthuzo:
- Kuti muwonjezere tsambalo, liyenera kukhala lopanda mayankho. Monga divider, zitsamba zochepa, mipanda, kapena mipanda yolumikizidwa ndi mbeu ndizabwino.
- Mitundu yautoto imathandanso gawo lofunikira: gawo locheperalo limagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mitengo yayitali ndi maluwa owala, ndipo lonse lonse limagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomera zazing'ono zamitundu yozizira.
Ngati simungathe kupirira ntchitoyi nokha, mutha kuyang'ana kwa akatswiri omwe angakuuzeni momwe mungafikire pamalopo.
L-mawonekedwe mawonekedwe
Tsamba ili lili ndi mwayi umodzi womwe sungathe kuwapeza: gawo lake lina sadziwika. Ichi chimakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito gawo lothandizira kuti likhale malo opumira kapena malo ampumulo.
Zosankha izi ndizofala madera omwe ali ndi dera lirilonse, kusintha kwina kumapangidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa maekala.
Makonzedwe a maekala 6
Mukakonzekera chiwembu cha maekala 6, muyenera kudziwa komwe nyumbayo, malo obiriwira okhala ndi mabedi, malo osangalalira ndi nyumba zapanyumba. Nyumbayo imamangidwa pamalire a kumpoto mwanjira yoti mtsogolomo sipabisala malowo ndi malo ogwetsamo. Kwa mitengo yazipatso, chiwembu chimagawidwa kuchokera kutsogolo kupita kumwera. Amayikidwa mtunda wa mamita atatu, kuchokera wina ndi mnzake, mu mawonekedwe a cheke.
Kapangidwe kanyumba yachilimwe pamakadinala amatanthauza kumanga kwa zida zothandizira kumbali yakumwera, pamenepo mutha kukhazikitsa nyumba yobiriwira ndikukhazikitsa mabedi.
Kuyika maekala 15
Ndili ndi maekala 15 sipangakhale mavuto ndi malo a nyumba komanso bungwe la magawo onse ofunikira. Gawo lalikulu limakupatsani mwayi womanga nyumba komanso kudzala miyambo yambiri. Kamangidwe ka malowa kangakhale ndi mayendedwe angapo.
Mukamaganiza momwe mungakonzere chilichonse pachimake cha maekala 15, simungathe kutsatira mafomu, koma konzani zokongoletsera ndi maluwa okongola mwachisawawa. Izi sizingawononge mawonekedwe a dimba, koma zipangitse kuti zikhale zowoneka bwino komanso zachilendo.
Kupititsa patsogolo kanyumba kanyumba kamnyengo yachilimwe ndi njira yosangalatsa komanso yopanga, yomwe imafunikira kuti anthu azitsatira mfundo zingapo. Ngati mungayendere bwino pa mwambowu ndi malingaliro anu onse komanso udindo wanu, zotsatira zake zingakusangalatseni kwa zaka zambiri.
