Tsatanetsatane wa mulching wa dothi

M'zaka zaposachedwa, masoka achilengedwe sakhala achilendo kwa ife: mwina kutentha ndi kutentha mpaka 40 ° C, ndiye kumapiri kwamapiri a mvula. Pansi pa dzuwa lotentha, malo osasunthika amawuma (ngati mchenga pagombe) mpaka + 50 ... + 70 ° С. M'masiku ochepa chabe, nthaka yotentha ndi mpweya wotentha zimawotcha chilichonse chomwe chidalimidwa mosamalitsa m'nyumba zobiriwira ndipo zidabyala m'mundamo. Vuto lopangidwa limatha kuthetsedwa mwachangu komanso motsika mtengo. Pali njira ngati ya agrotechnical, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira zaka za zana la 17, yomwe imadziwika kuti "pogona pathanthwe." M'masiku akale nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakadali pano njirayi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito, pokhapokha pa dzina latsopano - "mulching nthaka", kuchokera ku liwu la Chingerezi "mulch", lomwe limatanthawuza pobisalira.

Mitundu ya Organic Mulch.

Mitundu ya mulching nthaka

Pathanthwe panthaka yotentha ikhoza kuchitika m'njira zitatu:

• chikhalidwe mulching
• mulching organic,
• mulching wazinthu.

Mulching yachikhalidwe Imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Uku ndiye kulima kwanthawi zonse. Amatchedwanso kuthirira. Tamasuka tikathirira kapena mvula imasunga dothi pansi pake kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo limakhala lozizira, ndipo nyengo yadzuwa imachepetsa kutulutsa chinyezi kuchokera m'nthaka. Mwa kumasula, namsongole amawonongeka, kutuluka kwa mpweya mu nthaka kumachuluka. Koma mulching zoterezi, kuphatikiza zabwino, komanso zoipa. Kuchepetsa pafupipafupi kumawononga kapangidwe ka dothi, sikuthandizira kukulitsa chonde chake.

Kuphatikiza Organic - Uku ndikutchingira dothi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zatsalira pambuyo pa zinthu zina za agrotechnical.

Kuphatikiza Kwachilengedwe - uku ndikuphimba dothi ndi miyala kapena kupanga mafakitale.

Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza mulching

Chovala chofunikira kwambiri cha dothi pansi pa mbewu zam'munda chimayesedwa kuti ndi mulch wachilengedwe. Chomera chachilengedwe chimakhala ndi zinyalala zonse zaulimi: udzu, utuchi, udzu wosenda, peyala, mtengo wopindika, matanda a nkhuni, tchipisi, masamba adagwa, humus, manyowa oyipidwa, singano, zinyalala za filakisi, mpendadzuwa, mbewu za chimanga, zonyowa zakugwa. Mulch amatchetchera nyemba, udzu, mazira ophwanyika, manyowa ndi zinthu zina.

Zothandiza zimatha organic mulching

Ma organic mulch amateteza dothi kuti lisamatenthe kwambiri (nthawi yachilimwe) ndi kuzizira (nyengo yozizira).

Njira yophimbidwa ndi mulch mu nthawi yotentha imachepetsa kutentha kwa dothi, lomwe limaliteteza kuti lisasunthike kwambiri komanso limalepheretsa mapangidwe a kuthirira pambuyo pake.

Ngati dothi lozungulira mbande litakutidwa ndi mulch wa masentimita 5-7, ndiye kuti mbande za namsongole (makamaka zophuka) zimachepera kangapo. Namsongole wabwinobwino wamera mu mulch (quinoa, yarrow, euphorbia) angathe kudulidwa pamlingo, chachikulu ndikutchingira maluwa ndi kulowetsedwa. Munda wokhala ndi chisamaliro chotere, kumene, udzataya kukongola kwake, koma mudzapeza thanzi.

Mu maudzu odula pang'ono, tchire la phwetekere, tsabola, ndi biringanya zimaphuka mizu mwachangu, ndikupanga michere yofunikira ndikupanga mbeu yomwe itetezedwa kuti isayake ndi dzuwa. Pali gulu la namsongole woipa (m'munda wopendekera, udzu wa tirigu), womwe umamera mwakachetechete. Koma alipo ochepa a iwo ndipo mutha kuyenda ndi khasu, kutembenuza mulch mu timipata.

M'nyengo yotentha, mulch, pang'ono pang'ono kuwola, imalemeretsa nthaka ndi michere ndi humus, yomwe imakopa nthaka yothandiza ndi mphutsi. Nthaka idzamasulidwa, kupuma. Pansi pa mulch yolumikizira, khwekhwe lakumtunda ndi mvula ndikuwongoleredwa ndi mphepo kumachepa.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa coniferous mulch kumatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa acidity pazinthu zina (sorelo, chicory, mbatata, radish, tomato, kaloti, dzungu). Mutha kusintha pang'ono nthaka ndi udzu, utuchi wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba a tsabola, beets, anyezi, parsnips, udzu winawake, katsitsumzukwa.

Posachedwa, adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mulch yaying'ono kwambiri kuchokera ku ma mpendadzuwa a mpendadzuwa ndi mbewu za mbewu. Mulch chotere sichimaphika, chimadutsa mpweya ndi madzi momasuka, ma multilayer ake amathandizira kutentha pang'ono, ndikuyamba kuzungulira pang'onopang'ono ndikulemeretsa nthaka ndi michere.

Mulch wosaphunzira sangakhale ndi vuto pa dothi. Chifukwa chake, chosanjikiza chake chachikulu mumvula yanyimbo ndi nyumba yabwino nkhungu ndi matenda ena oyamba ndi fungus. Mulch yayikulu (zitsulo zazitali zamasamba, mpendadzuwa, zidutswa za makatoni) ndi nyumba yabwino kwambiri ya nkhono, ma slgs ndi tizirombo tina. Chifukwa chake, sankhani mulch ndikuigwiritsa ntchito mosamala, poganizira momwe dothi limapangidwira, mawonekedwe ake, mbewu.

Zida za mulching

Mulch yachilengedwe imaphatikizapo zinthu zachilengedwe - miyala, miyala, mchenga, miyala, komanso zinyalala zochokera ku njerwa ndi mafakitale ena. Dothi lophimba ndi filimu ya polymer, agrofibre, burlap, dongo lotukulidwa ndi mtundu wa mulching, lopangidwa kuti lizungitsa namsongole ndikuwongolera mtundu wa chisamaliro cha mbewu zokulidwa. Chifukwa chake, paminda ya sitiroberi, minda yamafuta azakudya zamasamba, makanema akuda ndi agrofiber amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi udzu, kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka, kuteteza nthaka kuti isamatenthe kwambiri komanso kuthekera koyeretsa zinthu zoyera.

Kufunika kwachilengedwe mulch

Udindo waukulu wophatikizira nthaka mulinso dothi kuti mutetezere mbewu kuti zisatenthedwe kutentha, kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka komanso kuthana ndi udzu. Mulch yachilengedwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera zokongoletsera m'minda yathu ndi nyumba zanyumba. Ndikwabwino kuyang'ana pabedi lam'munda: mkati momwe muli mbewu zobiriwira bwino, ngati bedi lamaluwa, ndipo kuzungulira njirayo muli miyala yokumbikakumbika, mchenga, miyala, zidutswa za njerwa zosweka ndi zinthu zina zokonzedwa bwino.

Mwachilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mulch yachilengedwe, ngati njira yokalamba, ndikofunikira. Komabe, sizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kugwiritsa ntchito kwake. Mtundu wamabokosi uchoka ndipo padzakhala malo okumba miyala m'malo mwa nthaka yachonde. Indedi, zopangidwa popanga silimachulukitsa chonde, koma limachepetsa mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito.

Njira Zophatikiza

Njira yothira mulching imatsimikiziridwa ndi cholinga chachikulu - kuwongolera maudzu, kusunga chinyezi, kuwonjezera kukongoletsa kwa malowo, kupeza masamba apambuyo kapena kuwonjezera nthawi yotentha.

Kukonkha zochulukirapo

Kugwiritsa ntchito mulch yachilengedwe kwa mbeu ndikofunika kwambiri, ndipo mogwirizana ndi momwe nthaka imakhudzira nthaka, ndiyambiri pafupi ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zimachitika pansi pobisalirapo mulch. Peat, humus, utuchi, kupindika kumadutsa madzi mosavuta ndikutchingira kuti madziwo asamatuluka msanga, kuteteza dothi kuti lisamayime pachilala. Kubola, amalemeretsa dothi ndi zinthu zanyontho. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zomwe zili pansi pa mulch zimafunikira chakudya chochepa komanso kuthirira.

Kuphimba dothi ndi zofunda.

Makanema ochulukitsa amakhala othandiza kwambiri mukamaphimba dothi. Chifukwa chake, kuyika kwakanthawi kokhala ndi ma fayilo akuda kumachulukitsa zokolola zamkaka, zukini, tsabola wokoma, ndi chimanga ndi 20-30%; kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kumathandizira kuti nthaka iziyaka msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke mbewu yoyambirira. Mbande zazing'ono zokhazikitsidwa ndi filimu yakuda zimazika mizu mwachangu.

Kuphatikiza mopitilira ndi filimu kapena agrofibre kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamene mukukulitsa zinthu pamakampani azigawo (malo a sitiroberi, minda ya kabichi). Ndi mulching iyi, zofuna za mmera nthawi zina zimachepetsedwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a feteleza wamba. Komabe, pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kupanga manyowa m'nthaka musanalore (kuyanika) nthaka ndi filimu kapena agrofibre ndipo osadyetsa pambuyo pake kapena kugwiritsira ntchito kuvala kwapamwamba.

Zovala zokutira ziyenera kulepheretsa kuwala. Pazipangizo zowonekera, namsongole akupitilira kukula limodzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito zofunda zapakhomo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pansi pa kanema ndi malo ena okhala nthaka ndi yosauka pazinthu zachilengedwe. M'madela amakono, kugwiritsa ntchito mulch kwaachilengedwe sikuyenera kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito organic. Ndiwothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofunikira pophika nthawi yotentha ndikuyeretsa nthawi yachisanu, pomwe mulch yachilengedwe imatha kukhalabe m'mundamo kapena kumangana, kuwola ndikuwonjezera zinthu zachilengedwe m'nthaka.

Malamulo Okhazikika

Mulching yayikulu ya dothi imachitika kawiri pachaka: m'dzinja ndi masika. Iliyonse ya iwo idzagwira ntchito pokhapokha malinga ndi malamulo omwe amafunikira.

Yophatikiza multing imachitika itatha kukolola. Kuzungulira koyambirira ndi pakati pa Okutobala, pamene ma tizilombo tomwe tikugwirabe ntchito, ndipo namsongole watha kapena akupita kukadontha nyengo yachisanu.

Kwa dimba ndi mabulosi, monga nyalugwe yophukira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosalala ndi zowuma: makungwa, zomangira, zopindika, peat. Munda womwewo ndi wothira manyowa, humus, zinyalala zamasamba ndi zinthu zina zofewa.

Musanalowe pansi, konzekerani nthaka:

• chotsani nsonga zouma, zitsalira zotsalira, magawo a nthambi zodulidwa;
• kudzala;
• tsekani m'nthaka pokumba kapena kumasula.

Dothi louma liyenera kuthiriridwa ndikudikirira kuyamwa kwathunthu kwa madzi othirira. Dothi louma, makamaka m'mundamo ndi mabulosi, silingayikidwe, popeza chinyezi sichimakhala chofika mizu mokwanira.

Autching mulching imachitika ndi wosanjikiza wa 5-8, nthawi zina mpaka masentimita 15. Mulch samaponderezedwa.

Madera omata m'mundamo ndi m'mundamo mulch kuposa wopendekera dzuwa.

Mukabzala mbewu nthawi yachisanu (adyo), siyani kusiyana pakati pa mbewu zingapo ndi mulch. Malo ozungulira mitengo siyimasiyidwa mu mulching m'mundamo. Malo okhala mulching amatsekera mozungulira kuyeza kwa korona.

Kuphatikiza nkhaka ndi zofunda.

Kubentcha kwa masika kumachitika pambuyo pokutentha panthaka pamizere yokhala ndi mizu mkati mwa + 12 ... + 14 ° С. Kuyika dothi lozizira (poyambirira kubzala kaloti, kubzala mbande zoyambira kabichi) kudzakulitsa kutentha kwa nthaka ndipo kungayambitse kuyambika kwa chapamwamba, komwe ndi koopsa kwambiri mbewu zoyambirira.

• Pakulima kwa mbeu, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yolimira ndi pambuyo kuthilira kapena tinthu tina (kumasula, kuvala pamwamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa).
• Ngati agrotechnical miyeso ikuphatikiza kukumba, ndiye mulch yotentha, limodzi ndi zinyalala za nthawi yophukira, namsongole, nsonga zathanzi, zibzalidwe m'nthaka.
• Ngati dimba limalimidwa popanda kukumba ndipo mulchyo amakhalabe pamabedi, ndiye kuti nthawi yophukira, kuti amasuke nthaka, imasunthidwa kumbali, kenako ndikubwerera.
• Ngati dothi lomwe lili pansi pa mulch silizizira, ndiye kuti mu nthawi ya masika silikhudzidwa, kubzala ndi kufesa kumachitika mwachindunji mu mulch yakucha yakucha. Pambuyo pa chithandizo chonse cha masika, dothi limayikidwanso, ndikupanga nthawi ya chirimwe yotsatira yosanjikiza yamoyo. Nthaka imalemezedwa ndi michere, chonde chake chimamera, ndipo zigawo za mulch zimaletsa namsongole, ndikufa.
• Mukalowetsa dothi, udzu womera mu mulch saloledwa kufesa, kudula nsonga ndi inflorescence. Koma ngakhale mbewu zikagwera pa mulch, zambiri sizingamere popanda dothi. Namsongole adzafa.

Chifukwa chake, malowa amachotsa pang'onopang'ono namsongole. Pansi pa mulch, dothi likhala bwino, ladzaza ndi organic kanthu, nyongolotsi, microflora yopindulitsa. Zomera m'nthaka zoterezi nthawi zonse zimakhala m'malo abwino.

Organching mulching.

Zolakwika zazikulu pamene mulching

Mukukula kwa mbewu, ndikosatheka kuyika mulch yodzala m'nthawi yonyowa: njira zowonjezera zitha kuyamba.

Simungaphimbe mbewu ndi mulch wosanjikiza. Mizu sikhala ndi mpweya wokwanira ndikuwunikira, matendawa ayamba.

Palibe kanthu kuti mulch nthaka youma yopanda mphepo: mulch imatha kunyamulidwa ndi mphepo.

Chapakatikati, mulch wosasankhidwa sayenera kusiyidwa m'mundamo. Imachepetsa kutentha kwa dothi.

Mu nthawi yophukira, mulch imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tillage kapena m'tsogolo mzere spacings ndi cholinga chodzikundikira chinyontho m'magawo okhala ndi chipale chofewa komanso matalala.

Kusunga chinyontho cha nyengo yozizira m'nthaka, pomwe pamwamba pazikuma ndipo pali mwayi wolowa m'mundawo, muyenera kumasula nthaka ndi mulch wakale, kumasula mpaka 8-10 masentimita ndikuwubwezeretsanso ndi wosanjikiza. Kupanda kutero, dothi lidzaumbika ndikukulira. Mukabzala mbewu zomwe zimakonda kutentha m'nthaka yosakwanira nyengo ya masika kubwerera chisanu, mbewu zitha kufa.