Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito hydroponics pakukula masamba ndi maluwa?

Masamba, zitsamba ndi maluwa zimamera bwino panyumba, osagwiritsa ntchito dothi. Njirayi imadziwika kuti hydroponics. Chinsinsi chonse chaukadaulo uwu ndikupanga malo abwino pakupanga mizu. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mbewuyo ndi mpweya, komanso michere, imatha kutulutsa mopanda zipatso ndi kubala zipatso. Vuto lokhalo ndiloti muyenera kukonzekera gawo loyera ndi yankho ndi feteleza wa mchere. Zonsezi zimafuna mlingo woyenera. Mwa zina, kukhazikitsa koteroko kuyenera kukhala ndi nyali zapadera. Ngati simutsatira malamulowa, ndiye kuti mbewu zomwe mwalima zimadwala ndipo mwina zitha kufa.

Udindo wotsogola wopeza mbewu yabwino komanso yochulukirapo umaseweredwa ndi yankho la michere. Kuuma kwamadzi ndi zomwe zimakhala zosungunuka mkati mwake ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi zofunikira - 1.5-3 g pa lita imodzi yamadzi.

Mitundu

Osapeputsa phindu la njirayi, yomwe imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi ndi malo. Ndiosavuta kusonkhanitsa chomera cha hydroponic kunyumba kuti chikule zitsamba zonunkhira. Zokolola zake ndizabwino kwambiri mpaka ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamalonda pazinthu zina zongodzipereka:

• anyezi pa nthenga;
• parsley;
• fennel;
• letesi;
• katsabola.

Popeza gawo lapansi lapadera limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dothi, mbewuyo imalandira chakudya chokwanira. Pankhaniyi, imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zonse kuti ipange nthambi yayikulu, osati mizu yamphamvu. Mutha kupanga kapangidwe kotere:

1. Konzani pepala la pulasitiki. Muyenera kusankha zotengera zakuda pomaliza matte. Malo oterowo satulutsa kuwala pakati, ndipo amalepheretsa mapangidwe a algae m'madzi. M'masitolo mutha kupeza ma pallet apadera a hydroponics a m'badwo watsopano.
2. Pangani nsanja yoyandama. Kuti muchite izi, dulani pepala lodzaza ndi kukula koyenera. Pangani mabowo mmenemo, m'mimba mwake momwe muliri yemweyo mumiphika yamafuta. Komabe, ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika mumapaketi osagwera. Mtunda pakati pa mabowo uyenera kusankhidwa sing'anga kuti tchire lomera lisasokonezane.
3. Konzani zodzala muli muzu. Zosungirazi zapadera za hydroponic ndi mabasiketi omwe amawoneka ngati matumba azingwe za Soviet.
4. Gulani makina onyamula mpweya am'madzi. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti hydroponics ndiukadaulo womwe umaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zomera mbewu. Kukhazikitsa koteroko kumapereka machulukitsidwe amphatso ya michere ndi okosijeni.

Mutha kuyala khungu la pallet ndi utoto wakuda. Kuphatikiza apo, ena amagwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo chifukwa cha izi. Danga loterolo limatetezanso gawo lapansi kuti lisatenthe kwambiri, lisasungunike kutentha ndi magetsi owala.

Tsopano mutha kuyamba kubzala mbewu. Choyimbiracho chingakhale moss, hay kapena rockwool. Magawo olimba kapena akulu okulira msipu sioyenera. Musanagwiritse ntchito, zinthu zodzala ziyenera kupukutidwa bwino. Dzazani thireyi ndi yankho kuti 1/3 yamiphika ikhalemo. Bwezeretsani madziwo ndi feteleza masiku 14 aliwonse (m'chilimwe amayenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi), ndipo azisinthidwa kamodzi pamwezi.

M'malo maphika, ena amagwiritsa ntchito bwino makapu wamba. Mwa iwo okha ndikofunikira kudula mosamala mabowo kuzungulira kuzungulira kwina.

Masamba

Kuti mupange nokha hydroponics yakale - zida zokulira masamba zingakhale, ngati mumatsatira dongosolo lina. Komabe, mukugwiritsabe ntchito zida zapadera kuchokera kusitolo. Njira yopangira kapangidwe kameneka ndi njira izi:

1. Kugula chidebe (15 l), komanso miphika zingapo zamaluwa.
2. Chophimbacho chimayenera kudulidwa kuchokera mu thovu kuti chivundikire thanki. Ngati ichi ndi chidebe wamba, ndiye kuti mutha kupanga chivundikiro chapadera chomwe chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zazingwe. Mahatchi amafanana ndi kukula kwa miphika imodzi kapena zingapo.
3. Dulani malilo awiri pansi pa tank. Malinga ndi ukadaulo wa hydroponic, ndizofunikira popereka yankho la michere ndikuchotsa chinyezi chambiri.
4. M'dzenje loyamba muyenera kukonza chubu yolumikizidwa ndi compressor (mwachitsanzo, pampu ya aquarium). Choyimira chachiwiri chimagwira ngati gawo la ngalande kuti madzi asasefukire.
5. Tsopano mphika (ngati mukufuna zingapo) uzitha kudzazidwa ndi zinthu zobzala: dongo lowonjezera, vermiculite (mineral yokhala ndi mapangidwe osakanikirana), miyala yofiirira, chipolopolo cha kokonati wosweka, perlite, zosakaniza zosakanizidwa zamchenga, miyala.
6. Mbande zibzalidwa. Pankhaniyi, mizu iyenera kuwongoledwa bwino kuti isawononge.
7. Dzazani chidebe ndimadzi opatsa thanzi ndi zina zapadera.
8. Yatsani compressor.

Pachigawo choyamba, muyenera kukhazikitsa nthawi ndi mphindi 15. Izi zimathandizira kachitidwe kodzaza posungira madzi ndi gawo lapansi ndi madzi. Pakuyamba kotsatira, chinyezi chambiri chimachoka mumphika.

Tekinoloje ya nokha ya hydroponics imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokulira nkhaka ndi tomato kunyumba. Zomerazi zitha kupatsidwa mwayi wokhala chakudya chachilengedwe. Samakula m'nthaka yomwe imakumana ndi zitsulo kapena zotsalira za feteleza, koma mwanjira yokonzekera mwapadera. Poterepa, wosamalira mundawo asade nkhawa ndi tizirombo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayamba pansi, kapena za matenda omwe amakhudza mbewu.

Maluwa

Ojambula maluwa nawonso adzakondwera ndi ukadaulo uwu. Maluwa otuwa komanso owala pawindo amasangalatsa mabanja komanso anthu oyandikana nawo chaka chonse. Pofuna kuti musazunze kwa nthawi yayitali kuti ma hydroponics ndi ati a maluwa, ndikofunikira kupita pomwepo. Mwina uku ndikosavuta kwa hydroponic kuyika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima dimba. Pamagwiritsidwe ake mudzafunika:

1. Ikani maluwa mu dongo kapena poto wa dongo wokhala ndi bowo pansi, komanso makhoma m'mbali. Danga lamtundu uliwonse waiwo ndi 1 cm kapena 1.5 cm.
2. Kubzala zinthu zachiguduli (zosankha zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa) ziyenera kuzunguliridwa kudzera mu suna kuti ziisiyanitse ndi zosafunika. Dongosolo la maselo ofikira limasiyana kuchokera ku 0,1 mpaka 2 cm. Kenako dothi liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (potaziyamu lamanganidwe).
3. Chomera chomera chimaphukira pang'ono masentimita pang'ono kuposa masiku onse.
4. Imirirani mumphika mu chidebe chamadzi chodzaza ndi theka. Pambuyo masiku 7, sinthani madzi ndi njira yokonzekera.
5. Mizu yatsopano ikawoneka (iwoneka bwino kudzera m'mabowo omwe ali pansi pa duwa), ndikofunikira kuti ipangire "kaphiri" kawo pokweza poto. Kenako mizu yake idzalandira mpweya wokwanira ndipo sudzafa.

Kuika kuyenera kuchitika nthawi yotentha (kasupe kapena chilimwe). Mu mtundu pang'ono wabwinobwino, sangathe kuzolowera zinthu zatsopano.

Mutha kupanga ma hydroponics ndi manja anu kuchokera pamatumba, mabatani kapena mbale wamba zapanyumba. Ndikofunika kuti mugule miphika ya mithunzi yakuda kuti isathe kuyatsa. Mwa zina, akasinja amayenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba zomwe sizilowa mumayendedwe amtundu ndi zinthu zina kapena kusintha kapangidwe kake chifukwa cha kutentha. Komabe, zinthu izi zikulangizidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo loyamba mpaka mizu yatsopano iwonekere.

Hydroponics siyikulimbikitsidwa mitundu yomwe mizu yake imavunda. Ndizoletsedwa kuti ndizomera zokoma (musafunikire kuthirira pafupipafupi, kupirira chilala), komanso maluwa a babu.

Madzi akasinthidwa ndi yankho lodzaza, ndiye kuti mtunda pakati pa mphikawo ndi thanki yakunja umakulitsidwa kuchoka pa 6 mpaka 10 cm. Ngati mumagula zida zapadera za hydroponics, ndiye kuti mumakina otere zonse zimaperekedwa ndi opanga.

Chibwenzi chowonjezera

Komabe, kupezeka kwa chipangizocho sikusintha kupopera mbewu mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kutsina masamba owola kapena owuma. Tsiku lililonse 30-30 ndikofunikira kuti mulamulire kuchuluka kwa acidity ndi kuchuluka kwa michere. Ndikofunikira nthawi zina kusintha yankho. Nthawi yomweyo, amalangizidwa kuphera tizilombo, mizu ndi gawo lapansi. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu wamba wamba, wothira madzi.

M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumachepetsedwa ndi 2 nthawi. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa madzi kuti asakhale ochepa. Kusamalira koteroko kumathandiza kuti duwa lipulumuke nthawi yayitali.

Feteleza ndi kukonzekera njira

Komanso, munthu ayenera kusankha bwino feteleza wa hydroponics. Kapangidwe ka sing'anga wa michere kumadalira zotsatira zomwe wokolola munda akufuna kupeza.
Kwa maluwa, zitsamba ndi masamba, muyenera kusankha magawo osiyanasiyana. Nayi ena a iwo:

• magnesium (sulfate kapena madzi nitrate) ndi calcium (granular nitrate) amathandizira kukulitsa mizu;
• phosphorous (phosphoric acid) imathandizira maluwa, komanso imathandizira kukula kwa tsinde;
• potaziyamu (nitrate kapena monopotassium phosphate) ndiye amachititsa mtundu wamasamba ndi mphukira zachikhalidwe.

Feteleza wachilengedwe (kuphatikiza urea) siabwino paukadaulo uwu. Zida zake zimasokoneza mwachangu tanthauzo ndipo zimakhala zowawasa.

Ukadaulo uwu wa zakudya za muzu ndi luso lonse. Zowonadi, m'malo mwa dothi, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, omwe ayenera kukhala odzaza ndi michere ndi kufufuza zinthu. Nthawi zambiri, ndibwino kugula yankho lokonzekera la hydroponics m'masitolo odziwika. The acidity ya mapangidwe amenewa amasiyana kuchokera 5.8 kapena 6.5 pH. Izi makamaka feteleza zovuta. Kuti akonzekere kudziyimira pawokha chakudya chamagulu, wolima ayenera kutenga:

1. Madzi oyeretsedwa kudzera mu fyuluta. Amayenera kumaima maola 24. Kutentha kwamadzimadzi - kutentha kwa chipinda (18-20 ° С), voliyumu - 1 lita.
2. Pa mulingo woyenera wamagetsi, kulemera 1 g ya nayitrogeni ndi 2 g wa potaziyamu, phosphorous - 0,5 g, ndi magnesium - 0,3 g;
3. Kukonzekera chinsinsi china (Knop), muyenera kutenga 0,25 g ya magnesium sulfate ndi potaziyamu phosphate, potaziyamu mankhwala enaake - 0,125 g, gramu imodzi ya calcium nitrate ndi 0,0125 g ya chloride chachitsulo.
4. Kenako sungunulani mankhwala aliwonse pang'ono.
5. Thirani 700 ml m'mbale ndikuyamba kuthira njira zomwe mwakonza. Pankhaniyi, yambitsani mosamala kwambiri.
6. Zida zonse zikasakanikirana, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi mu lita imodzi.

Ndikofunika kulingalira kuti zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi chitsulo ndiz "zopanda pake" kwambiri, kotero zimatha kufalikira. Njira ina ndiyo iron sulfate (1.5 g) yogwirizana ndi citric acid (1.7 g). Amawadyedwa mosiyana, koma osakanizidwa ndi 0,5 malita a madzi.

Ophatikizidwa bwino sangakhale ndi zipatso. Kuti mupewe izi, simuyenera kusakaniza zosakaniza zonse nthawi imodzi kenako kuzisungunula ndi madzi.

Nyali

Udindo wofunikira pakukula kwathunthu kwamasamba ndi maluwa kumaseweredwa ndi nyali zachuma za hydroponics, zomwe zimawathandiza kukula mwachangu. Ndikofunikira kuti mbewu "zakunyumba" zoterezi zitheke. Mwa izi, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi yamafuta opulumutsa mphamvu:

• luminescent (cholimba, mawonekedwe awo amaphatikizapo mawanga ofunikira a photosynthesis);
• incandescent (perekani kutentha kwambiri, koma ngati mulibe mpweya wabwino m'chipindacho, tsatirani ku nkhungu);
• kutulutsa kwa mpweya (chitsulo cha halide, sodium, komanso mercury).

Amayikidwa motalikirana ndi 0,5 mamilimita kuti zitsitsire mitengo yokonda mthunzi ndi 15 cm kwa mitundu yomwe imafunikira maola opitilira maola 12. Nyali zotere za hydroponics ziyenera kusankhidwa payekha. Kupatula apo, mbewu zobzalidwa mwanjira imeneyi zimawonedwa kukhala zosatetezeka.

Ma hydroponics kunyumba - kanema