Zodzala mitengo yodziwika bwino pambewu Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera chithunziMkazi aliyense wamnyumba amadziwa kuti caraway ndi zonunkhira zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa mbale kukhala ndi mthunzi wosayerekezeka. Zitsamba zazing'ono ndi mizu yamoto zimawonjezeredwa ku saladi, mbale zam'mbali, sopo. Mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwathunthu kapena pansi, mafuta a chitowe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuphika (kwa flavour). Chitowe ndi chabwino kwa mbale zam'mimba (zimayenda bwino kwambiri ndi mwanawankhosa), zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera sopo, soseji, ma pie, tchizi, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira za ophika mkate (makamaka mkate wakuda), komanso kupanga zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Ku India, Caraway ndi gawo limodzi la curry. Anthu ena ozungulira amapera tirigu kuti apeze ufa womwe amaphika buledi.
Kuti mupeze zonunkhira, mbewu za caraway wamba zimakula (lat. Crum carvi) - chomera cha banja la Umbrella. Kuthengo, komwe kumagawidwa ku Europe konse, nyengo yotentha ya Asia, yomwe imapezeka kumadera a Pakistan ndi India. Kudera la Russia mwachilengedwe kumakhala nkhalango zopendekera, nkhalango zachigawo cha ku Europe, ku Caucasus, ku Western ndi Eastern Siberia. Caraway ndi yokondedwa komanso yotchuka kotero kuti imalimidwa kulikonse. Dzina lachiwiri lodziwika bwino la mbewuyo ndi anise.
Chikhalidwe chimakula pang'onopang'ono: mchaka choyamba cha kukula, mawonekedwe a Rhizome okhala ndi duwa lamasamba (limawoneka ngati pamwamba pa kaloti), ndipo maluwa amatuluka mchaka chachiwiri cha kukula. Mapazi amodzi owongoka amafika kutalika kwa mita 1. Mapulogalamu owumbidwa ndi ovate osaphika, osakanizidwa bwino, amafika kutalika kwa 20 cm, m'lifupi mwake masentimita 10. Masamba oyambira ali ndi mbali zazitali, apamwamba amaphatikizika ndi petioles lalifupi. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, oyera kapena apinki, amasonkhana kumapeto kwa mphukira mu ambulera inflorescence. Chipatsochi chili ngati kupendekeka kwapafupipafupi kwa pafupifupi 3 mm.
Mbewu za Caraway ndizazizira, zosalala bwino, ngakhale nyengo yotentha sintha kwambiri. Kukula mbewu zonyamula kumakhala kovuta. Ndikokwanira kuphunzira mawonekedwe ena, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zotsimikizika.
Chuma chokulirapo chiwembu
Kuyambitsa kulima masamba a chitowe ndi kusamalira poyera
Kuti mukulitse katundu, tengani malo abwino. Ngati zibzalidwe pamthunzi, kukula kwake kudzachepera, mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo, mbewu zonyamula sizingathe kuphuka - bwino, zipatso ndizotheka mchaka chachitatu cha masamba. Osabzala m'malo otsika komanso malo osefukira, nthangala zonyamula sizimakonda chinyezi pamizu, ndipo ndikamapezeka madzi apansipansi muyenera kumanga bedi lalitali.
Nthaka imafunika kukhala yopanda dothi, yamchenga komanso yodontha ndiyabwino.
Pakulima mafakitale, mbewu za caraway zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe pambuyo pa chimanga, nyemba, mbewu yachisanu. M'chaka cha zipatso, anise amatulutsa mundawo m'mawa ndipo nawonso, amakhala ngati patsogolo kwambiri pa mbewuzi.
M'mundamo, sikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu zonyamula anthu pambuyo pa abale a m'banjamo (parsley, katsabola, udzu winawake, kaloti, fennel), koma ndioyenera monga oyandikana nawo. Pafupi mozungulira ndi mbewu zonyamula ndi nkhaka, tomato, nyemba. Zoyenerana zoyenera ndi phwetekere, kabichi, mbatata, anyezi, zukini.
Kukonzekera kwa tsamba
Kukonzekera tsamba kumachitika bwino kwambiri pakugwa. Dziko lapansi limakumbidwa mpaka 25-25 cm, likuchotsa udzu ndi zotsalira za chikhalidwe chakale. Tsambali likuyenera kuthiridwa feteleza: pansi pokumba, kuwonjezera 5 g wa mchere wa potaziyamu, 10 g ya superphosphate, 15 g ya ammonium nitrate. Ngati dothi latha, pansi pokumba, onjezani makilogalamu 4-5 a humus kapena kompositi. Kuchulukana kwa feteleza kumawonetsedwa pa 1 m² ya malo.
Kubzala masiku
Mbewu za Caraway ndizosasinthika kutentha. Mbewu zimayamba kumera kale kutentha kwa 8 ° C, ndikukula bwino ndikutukuka kutentha kwa 20 ° C kukufunika.
Chitowe chimafesedwa nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi zambiri zofesedwa mchaka (theka lachiwiri la Epulo), kufesa nthawi yozizira kumachitika pang'ono (kufesa kumachitika kumapeto kwa Okutobala).
Kunyengerera kwa mbewu
Chithunzi cha mbewu ya Caraway
Pakubzala, mbewu zonyamula zimagulidwa ku malo ogulitsa maluwa kapena ku pharmacy.
Amakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, omwe amateteza kumera kwawo.
Kubzala mbewu kumakhudza magawo angapo:
- Kuthira m'madzi ofunda
Kukulani nyembazo mu nsalu ya thonje, kokerani mtolowo ndi bandeti ya zotanuka ndikuyika madzi otentha kwa maola 3-5.
- Chizindikiro
Monga njira yothanirana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, njere ziyenera kutetezedwa. Gwirani njira ya potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 20, ndiye muzimutsuka ndi madzi ndikuwuma kuti mukhale otulutsa.
- Kukula kwa Stimulator Chithandizo
Izi sizoyenera, koma zimachitika. Mbewu zimanyowa mu njira yokhazikitsira kukula kwa maola 12 (yabwino usiku). Ndiye youma kuti pakhale flow flow ndikupita kufesa.
Kubzala mbewu zonyamula panja
Kulima kwa caraway poyera chithunzi
Pamwamba panthaka, pangani ma gogo omwe akuya masentimita 2-2,5, pakati pawo pakhale masentimita 35-45. Thirani madziwo ndi madzi ndikuwasiya. Ikani njere pamtunda wa masentimita 5-7 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Tsekani mbewuzo ndi angatenge. Mukafesa nthawi yozizira, mulch mbewu ndi peat.
- Mbewu za Caraway zimabzalidwa m'mizere iwiri (nthiti) malinga ndi dongosolo la 25x7. Nthawi yomweyo, sungani mtunda wa 40 cm pakati pa matepi.
- Mutha kupirira mtunda wa 20 cm pakati pa mizere, koma sungani mtunda wa theka lamtunda pakati pa matepi.
- Njira yachitatu: pakati pa mizere 30 cm, pakati pa matepi masentimita 45. Ngati dothi ndilopendekeka, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachitatuyo, pomwe njere zimayandikira pafupifupi masentimita 1.5.
Mphukira zoyambirira zidzawonekera patatha masiku 15-20. Woonda, kusiya kusiyana 25 cm pakati pa mbewu.
Kusamalira Caraway mchaka choyamba cha kukula
Nthata zazing'ono mchaka choyamba cha masamba ziyenera kuonedwa mwachidwi.
Patulani kuthirira pang'ono, samalirani pansi panthaka nthawi zonse ponyowa. Weyani mabedi munthawi yake, chifukwa udzu wamsongole umatha "kuvala" anise. Udzu "bwino" mpaka masamba atayandikira kwathunthu. Kuti muwonetsetsetsetsetse okosijeni kulowa muzu, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi pafupipafupi, osalole kuti kuwoneka kutumphuka.
M'chaka choyamba cha kukula, masimba a nthangala zodziphika amadyetsedwa kawiri. Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika pambuyo pa mwezi 1 wa kukula, chachiwiri - kumapeto kwa nyengo yakukula. Kwa 1 m², muyenera 15 g ya potaziyamu ndi 5 g ya superphosphate. Ikani feteleza mu mawonekedwe pang'onopang'ono pansi pake.
Chaka chotsatira, chitowe chimadyetsedwa ndi nayitrogeni asanafike maluwa - 12 g ya ammonium nitrate pa m?
Kusamalira Akuluakulu
Momwe mungasamalire nthangala zonyamula zakuthengo
Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha kukula, chisamaliro chimapangidwa mosavuta.
Kumayambiriro kasupe, manyowa: 12 g ya ammonium nitrate pa 1 m². Madzi pa phesi ndi maluwa nthawi ndi nthawi, koma pang'onopang'ono, osalolera kuti dothi lifukufuku. Nthawi ndi nthawi amasula dothi pakati pa mizere.
Kutenga yozizira
Cumin imalekerera bwino kutsika kwa kutentha mpaka -25 ° C. Samasowa pogona nyengo yachisanu.
Kututa
Masamba otsika akayamba kuuma, mutha kuyamba kukolola. Kukucha kwa njere ndikosasinthika, motero amayamba kusonkhanitsa zokhala ngati sera (pomwe kuchuluka kwa maambulera amatembenukira). Dulani mapesi a maluwa kutalika kwa masentimita 5 pamwamba pa nthaka, ali osasunthika, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pruner kapena mpeni wakuthwa.
Dulani m'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo, chifukwa masana, mothandizidwa ndi kutentha, mafuta ofunikira ofunikira amasuluka kwambiri. Sonkhanitsani timitengo tambiri ndikuwapachika maambulera kuti aumitse (ikani nyuzipepala kapena kansalu pansi pawo kuti asataye nthangala zowonongeka). Pambuyo masiku 7-10, zipatso zimacha. Maambulera oyera, yeretsani zinyalala ndi kuziyika m'matumba.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Powdery mildew ndiye woopsa kwambiri pakati pa matenda chifukwa chodzala nthangala za mitengo. Zovala zoyera bwino zimafalikira mwachangu pamitu ndi masamba. Kutha kwa matendawa kumachitika nyengo yonyowa ndikusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha.
Matenda ena a fungal (zowola zakuda, phomosis, malo owoneka) samawonekera pafupipafupi.
Njira zodzitetezera zimaphatikizira kusala kwa kutetezedwa kwa mbeu, kusinthasintha kwa mbeu, chisamaliro choyenera, ndi kuyeretsa zinyalala za mbewu. Mukadwala, mankhwalawo akonzekereratu ndi kukonzekera kwa fungicidal.
Caraway sichowonongeka kawirikawiri ndi tizirombo. Zowopsa pachomera: nthata zam'madzi, njenjete, ambulera ndi zingwe zopota, waya. Mukamakulitsa nthangala zokha zokha kuti zitheke, ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito agrochemical kukonzekera (Karbofos, Fitoverm, Spark bio) kuwongolera tizilombo. Pokhudzana ndi mbewu zowononga zomwe zimalimidwa chifukwa cha amadyera, kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chitani nkhokwe ndi kulowetsedwa kwa adyo, chitsamba chowawa kapena mbatata.
Mphamvu zochiritsa za mbewu zonyamula
Mphamvu zakuchiritsa zonyamula chithunzi
Zida zopangira mankhwala ndi chipatso (njere) za mbewu wamba zonyamula.
Mafuta ofunikira amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala, mafuta pawokha ndi antiseptic ndi anthelmintic.
Mbewu za Caraway ogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala m'maiko ambiri (Bulgaria, Romania, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, Finland, USA, Norway). Cumin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzimbidwa, matumbo atomu, ngati othandizira, antimicrobial, kuti apititse patsogolo dongosolo logaya chakudya. Mbewu ndi gawo la chindapusa cha choleretic. Kuphatikiza pa mbewu zina, caraway amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a chiwindi, matenda a mtima, kukonza mkaka, monga kusinkhira.
Cumin wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kale ndi mankhwala azikhalidwe. Tiyi ya Caraway amathandizira kukonza chilakolako cha chakudya, kumawonjezera mamvekedwe onse ndi kugwira ntchito kwa thupi. Kwa mutu, chibayo ndi bronchitis, matenda a ndulu, matenda am'matumbo, kulowetsedwa kunatengedwa.
Mankhwala azitsamba, chitowe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati flatulence, colitis. Umafesedwa mu clover, womwe umapangidwira kudyetsa misa yobiriwira yatsopano ku ziweto. Kwa "" zopindika "njere zamoto zimakhala zapoizoni.
