Dzina la wowotcha chokoleti Akebia ndikudziwika kwa onse okonda maluwa ochokera ku munda. Pamodzi ndi kobe, amadzinenera kuti ndiye amene amakwera kwambiri osakonda. Pokhala chomera chopanda chidwi, akebia amamva bwino osati m'minda, koma chikhalidwe champhika. Mtundu wapadera wa maluwa akulu ndi kutulutsa mabala ochititsa chidwi liana samataya mawonekedwe. Ndipo ngakhale si aliyense angakulitse akebia, kwa olimawo omwe amakonda ntchito zosangalatsa, kukongola kwakumaloko kumatha kupezeka zenizeni.
Akebia quinata (Akebia quinata).
Chipinda Choyang'anira Munda Wakebia Creeper
Akebia sikuti ndi chimodzi mwazomwe chimapezeka kwambiri m'nyumba, komanso chimayimira banja, mbewu zina zomwe sizimere m'chipindacho. Liana ili ndi la Lardizabalevs (Lardizabalaceae) - gulu lodabwitsa la mitengo yazipatso yochokera ku Far East.
Mwachilengedwe, akebias amapezeka ku China, Japan ndi Peninsula ya ku Korea kokha. Ndizowona zenizeni, oimira zomera zapadera za East Asia. Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yokha ya mbewu ku mtundu wa Akebia. Mu chikhalidwe chathu, ndi mtundu umodzi wokha womwe umalimidwa - akeba kasanu (Akebia quinata) Ndi mbewu iyi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito molima.
Acebias amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ngati mipesa ya chokoleti kapena mipesa ya chokoleti. Mbiri yotere ya akebia sinamveko konse utoto, ngakhale kuti mithunzi ya bulauni imakonda kupaka utoto wofiirira, ndipo fungo lawo ndi lofowoka, labwino komanso chokoleti.
Akebias ndi amodzi mwa mipesa ya thermophilic semi-evergreen. Yosalala, yofiirira, yokhala ndi masamba otumphukira m'litali imatha kupitirira 3 m, ngakhale muchipinda cha chikhalidwe cha liana ndi malire mpaka mamita awiri m'litali. Kukula mwachangu ndichimodzi mwazinthu zabwino zosakayikitsa za acebia, ndikumulola kuti azitha kukongoletsa kwambiri nyengo imodzi yokha.
Zithunzi za Akebia ndizodabwitsa kwambiri. Masamba achikopa amaso asanu amakhala ndi zingwe zapamwamba komanso zokongoletsera, zimawoneka zokongola modabwitsa. Masamba okhala ndi mphukira akukhala moyandikana ndi wokwanira, odulawo ndiwotalikirapo, ndipo loboti ndi obovate kapena yoboola-pansi yozungulira. Mtundu wowala wobiriwira wamtundu wakumtunda kwa masamba owala a akebia amaphatikiza ndi mbali yotsika yobiriwira matte. Garden Akebias ndi mbewu zabwino, ndipo muzipinda izi mipesa imasunga zobiriwira.
Akebia maluwa akuyenera kuyamikiridwa. Sizimangoyambira m'minda yamphesa - mu Epulo, kuwunikira kosakwanira - mu Meyi, kosatha mpaka Ogasiti, ndipo ndi chisamaliro chabwino kumangokhala popanda yopuma. Akebia limamasula modabwitsa. Zomera zokongola komanso zoyambirira, osati zazikulu kwambiri, koma maluwa owoneka bwino a malowo amawala mosiyana ndi masamba ndi mtundu wawo wofiirira.
Maluwa achikazi a Akebia okhala ndi mapangidwe apamwamba patatu amasonkhanitsidwa mumabampu achidule, modabwitsa ndi mawonekedwe okongola amtundu wofiirira komanso mawonekedwe osazolowereka. Ma pedicels opepuka amachititsa chidwi chamaluwa. Maluwa aimuna ndi opepuka pinki; ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi maluwa achikazi owala kwambiri.
Munthu amatha kutsutsana kosatha ngati fungo la maluwa acebia limakumbutsa chokoleti. Zonunkhira bwino, vanila-zonunkhira, chokoleti, ndipo nthawi zina zolemba za khofi, kununkhira kwa kukongola uku ndi chimodzi mwamafungo abwino kwambiri pakati pa mbewu zonse zamkati.
Pambuyo maluwa, akebias amatha kumangirizidwa ndikuwoneka pang'ono ngati nkhaka, wandiweyani, zipatso zosiririka mpaka 8 cm, zomwe zimadabwitsa ndi utoto wofiirira waxy. Mafuta a pex ndi yowutsa mudyo, onunkhira, "rasipiberi" zimadabwitsa osachepera kapangidwe ka mabulosi ndi mbewu zakuda. M'malo azikhalidwe, zipatso zimatha kuphatikizika ndi mungu wongopanga (akebia azomera zam'mera) komanso wazaka zabwino.
Akebia amatulutsa kuyambira Epulo mpaka August.
Zofunikira pakukula kwa ziphuphu zakumaso
Chovuta chokha chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupanga malo abwino acebia ndikofunikira kupereka nthawi yozizira. Koma ngati sichoncho, mpesa uwu ndi wozindikira. Kuwala kowala, kupeza mpweya wabwino - ndizomwe amafunikira kuti maluwa ambiri azikula mwachangu. Akebia saopa kutentha mopitirira muyeso, samazizira, amakhala bwino mzipinda zogona.
Akebia imawonedwa ngati chosowa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imalengezedwa molakwika ngati mbewu yomwe imatha kumva bwino kupatula m'munda wozizira. M'zipindamo, mpesa wawukuluwu sukulabe kuposa m'tunda ndi m'munda. Zowona, kukula kwake kumakupangitsani kulingalira mosamala kusankha kosankhidwa ndikuyika malire pakati pa kukula kwa chipindacho ndi chomera.
Chifukwa cha maluwa ake osazolowereka komanso onunkhira bwino, komanso fungo labwino, akebia ndiwofunikira kwambiri kuyika zipinda zodyeramo, malo odyera, m'malo owerengera, kukhitchini, m'malo opumulirako - komwe kununkhira kwake koyamwa ndikofunikira kwambiri.
M'nyengo yotentha, acebias amkati amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi makonde otseguka, masitima, ndi ma verandas.
Kuyatsa ndi kuyika
Akebia idakali imodzi yamipesa yokonda kwambiri dzuwa. Mchipinda chake, muyenera kusankha malo opepuka kwambiri mnyumbamo. Kwa akebias, kum'mwera kapena pang'ono kum'mwera kwa sill ndikofunikira; m'chilimwe, mutha kuyika mpesa pawindo lakumadzulo. Kwa wophatikizira uyu, amasankha malo kuti am'dzoza ndi dzuwa osachepera maola angapo patsiku. M'chilimwe, masana ndi masana dzuwa litha kuwononga masamba, munthawi imeneyi kuwala kumakhala bwino.
Kuunikira kwampangidwe sikuli kwa mbewu iyi. Ntchito ya phytolamp simalipira kusowa kwa kuwala kwachilengedwe, choncho muyenera kuyang'anira mwapadera chisankho cha malo kwa akebia.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, akebia nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati chomera chokhacho. M'malo mwake, akakhala pachiwonetsero, akebia chimakwanira bwino kusonkha, chitha kudzalidwa ndi mpesa zina pamakoma kapena pazenera zobiriwira. Akebia ndi imodzi mwazipangizo zabwino kwambiri zamkati zopangira mawonekedwe osunthira kapena chophimba, kuphatikiza poyang'ana khonde mowongoka kapena popatula malo achisangalalo ndi ngodya yogwirira ntchito mchipindacho.
Kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino
Ngakhale chikhalidwe chotentha kwambiri pakati pa mbewu zamkati, akebia ndi imodzi mwazoletsa kwambiri. Zomera zimalekerera kutentha kwambiri ndipo zimatha kupirira kuzizirira kwakanthawi kachitidwe kazisonyezo zoipa. Akebia iyenera kuzizira nyengo yozizira - pamlingo wotsika +12 ndi madigiri abwino kuchokera ku +8 mpaka +10 madigiri.
Akebias saopa zojambula kapena kusiyanasiyana. Ngakhale mitengo yazipinda yamkati imatha kusunthidwa kupita panja kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kugwa koyambirira kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa loggias, makonde ndi masitepe.
Kuyambira akebia mutha kupanga bonsai.
Kusamalira akebia kunyumba
Chomera chokongola ndi chachilendo ichi sichingatchedwe kuti chovuta kuchisamalira. Akebia ndi osachepera kuthirira ndi chinyezi. Amasowa chisamaliro ndi kumangiriza kapena kuwongolera. Popanda kukonza kapena kupanga mawonekedwe, imataya msanga zokongoletsera zake. Koma kumbali ina, ngakhale wolima wakungoyamba kumene amatha kukulitsa liana lamkati.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Ngakhale kukula kwake kukukula komanso kukula mwachangu kwambiri, akebia safunikira kuthirira kwambiri, amaopa kulemba madzi. Akebia sakusunga momwe mabala osagwiritsa ntchito chilala m'chipinda; kuwuma kwa gawo lapansi kumakhudza chidwi cha masamba.
Akebia amathiriridwa madzi pambuyo poti nthaka yauma. Chinyezi chikhale chopepuka koma chokhazikika. M'dzinja, mmera umathiridwa madzi pafupipafupi 1 m'masiku atatu. M'nyengo yozizira, dothi limaloledwa kuti lizimauma pakati pa madzi.
Akebia safuna chinyezi chachikulu. Koma pakagwiridwe kantchito yamagetsi komanso nthawi yotentha, ndibwino kuphatikiza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa m'dongosolo losamalira. Popanda njirayi, pamatenthedwe otentha, mmera ungavutike ndi kupukutidwa kwa masamba a masamba.
Feteleza ndi kuphatikizira feteleza
Kupatsa thanzi kwa acebia ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zomera zimathothira nthaka ndikuwonjezereka kwa michere m'nthaka iyenera kulipidwa. Munthawi yogwira mpesa, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika pafupipafupi nthawi imodzi m'masabata awiri. Ngati mbewu ikukula mwachangu kwambiri kapena pali zizindikiro zakusowa kwa michere, nthawi yotentha imasinthasintha pafupipafupi sabata imodzi.
Popumula, ndikofunikira kuti acebia asiye kusiya kuvala pamwamba, koma pokhapokha ngati palibe chizindikiro chotsitsa masamba chifukwa cha gawo lomwe latopa. Ngati a liana atawululidwa, mutha kuyesa kuphatikiza kuvala kwapafupipafupi ndi nthawi 1 mwezi uliwonse.
Zophatikiza zakuthambo, zovuta za organo-mineral ndizoyenera kwambiri pa liana ili, chifukwa kuyang'anira zamagetsi zazikulu ndikofunikira kuti zisunge kukongola kwa msipu wa mbewuyi.
Akebia ndi amodzi mwa mipesa yomwe ikukula mwachangu.
Kuchepetsa ndikusintha akebias
Zosintha komanso zopyapyala, zowombera sizimasunga mawonekedwe ake. Ndikosatheka kukula chomera popanda garter. Chifukwa chake, mapangidwe othandizira ndi gawo lofunikira pakukula kwa mbewu. Akebia yokha imatha kudzimata yokha kuzungulira zogwirizira, koma muzipinda ziyenera kuwongoleredwa ndikukhazikika. Chimawoneka bwino pazowoneka bwino ndi makoma, zotsekera zokhotakhota, mizati yayikulu kapena mizati.
Akebia imadulidwa chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono komanso nthambi zambiri. Mwabwinobwino, mtengowo amawudulira ukatha nthawi yogwira, koma mutha kuchita izi musanatsidwe (ndizovomerezeka kuti muzidulira masamba asanatsegule). Kudulira kumachitika, ndikusiya gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwa mphukira, kufupikitsa pamwamba kapena kupanga zitsamba zowerengeka. Kutalika kwakutali, kotalika, popanda mabowo kuli bwino kuduliratu.
Kudulira Cardinal ndi njira yokhayo yobwezeretsanso mbewuyo. Ndikofunika kuti muzitsina pang'ono mphukira kapena kudulira pamwamba kuti chomera chisatambasule kwambiri ndikutulutsa mphukira yatsopano.
Thirani ndi gawo lapansi
Kuika kwakeba kumachitika kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse kapena pachaka (ngati mizu imadzaza gawo lapansi). Mtengowo umakula mwachangu, mizu yake ndi yamphamvu, ndipo ndikusintha kosakhudzidwa sikulimbikitsidwa kupitiliza kubzala chifukwa chakuchepa kwa nthaka.
Akebia amasinthidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yotsika, mwa nthawi zonse - mu February kapena Marichi. Kuchuluka kwa thanki kumakulitsidwa ndi muyeso umodzi wofanana. Zopezeka za acebia ziyenera kukhala zazifupi, zokhala ndi kuya kupyola mainchesi. Chinsinsi cha chowumbachi ndi kupezeka kwa mabowo amphamvu okhala ndi ngalande.
Kwa acebia, muyenera kusankha dothi mosamala. Kukula mwachangu kwa chomera kumafuna dothi losakaniza bwino. Koma chosafunikanso kwambiri ndicho kukana kuphatikizika, kapangidwe, kupuma. Kwa acebia, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito magawo ogulidwa apadera a ogwira ntchito, onjezani zowonjezera pazowonjezera zazonse kapena pangani kusakaniza nokha. Moyenerera bwino msanganizo wamtunduwu wa liana pamagawo ofanana a mchenga, peat ndi masamba. Zochita za gawo lapansi ziyenera kukhalabe mkati mwa mawonekedwe a acidic kapena osalowerera m'ndale.
Asanadzalemo, mbewu mumiphika ndizotsimikizika kuti zitha kukonza. Amakhazikitsidwa ngakhale kwa acebias ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa liana lomwe limakula mwachangu limatambasuka modabwitsa m'miyezi yoyamba mutabzala. Iyenera kumangirizidwa mokhazikika pamunsi ndikuwongolera. Akebia amafunika ngalande zazitali komanso zazikulu.
Zipatso za acebia.
Matenda, tizirombo ndi mavuto pakulima akebia
Mkhalidwe wazopezeka mkati samulepheretsa akebias kuwonetsa kukana modabwitsa. Chomera ichi, chosunthira kuchipinda, chikuwonetsa kukana kupatuka panjira, kuchoka nthawi imodzi ku chisamaliro, ndi matenda aliwonse.
Akebias amalimbana ndi tizirombo, koma amatha kuonongeka chifukwa cha matenda obwera kwathunthu kuchokera ku chimbudzi, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za akangaude ndi tizilombo tambiri tambiri. Zomera zimadziwika kuti ndi mankhwala achilengedwe, ndipo popanda chadzidzidzi zimathandizira thanzi la chophatikiza chilichonse chomera (makamaka zotsatira zabwino za akebias zimawonekera m'malo obiriwira).
Akebia kuswana
Akebia nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kokha mwakulima. Kupukutira kwa kupanga kumapangitsa chomera kubzala, koma kukula ndi nthawi yayitali ya mbande, poyerekeza ndi mphukira ya mizu, nthawi zambiri amakakamizidwa kusankha njira zamasamba.
Mbewu zofesedwa m'dothi loyera, osati m'manda kwambiri, mutatha kuzizira kwa masabata awiri mpaka atatu. Chinyezi chowonjezera cha mpweya, chophimba ndi galasi kapena filimu chikuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kutentha kochepa: akebia amakonda khola + 14 ... +16 madigiri. Zomera zam'mera zitha kuyembekezeredwa mpaka miyezi itatu. Mbewu zotsala, ndiye kuti mwayi wopambana.
Akebia ndiye wosavuta kudula. Pakazika mizu, timagawo tating'ono tating'onoting'ono timadulidwa. Nthawi yabwino kudula akebias moyenera kuganizira pakati komanso kumapeto kwa masika. Mu Epulo-Meyi, zidutswazo zitatha kuthandizidwa ndikukula zolimbikitsa masentimita angapo zimayikidwa mu mchenga uliwonse wowumitsa ndikuyika malo obiriwira. Ndi chinyezi chokhazikika, kuzika kwamizu kumathamanga.
Ndikosavuta kupeza mbeu zazing'ono zamphamvu mwa kuzika mizu. Kusankha mphukira zazing'ono, zokhala ndi lign, zimayikidwa mu malo osaya mu chidebe china, chokhazikitsidwa ndi mabrake, spud ndikuthirira madzi omwe amazika kale. Pakatha kuoneka ngati mizu yazomera, mbewuzo zimadulidwa ku chitsamba ndipo kenako zimakula ngati mpesa wokha.
Okondedwa owerenga! Ngati muli ndi akebia omwe amakula kale kunyumba, gawani zomwe mukukumana nazo mu ndemanga. Pamenepo mutha kufunsa mafunso okhudzana ndi kukulira akebia kunyumba.
