Pakumapeto kwa chilimwe, minda yathu ili ndi mitundu yambiri yowala, yosanunkhira bwino. Komabe, alimi odziwa bwino ntchito yamalimwe nthawi ya chilimwe amakumbukira nthawi yozizira kwambiri komanso maluwa osimba bwino - mbewu zomwe zimatha kusunga chikumbukiro cha chilimwe ndikukongoletsa nyumba zathu mpaka nthawi yamalimwe ikubwera. Mwa zina mwazomera zambiri zotere (miscanthus, udzu wa nthenga, maneba, chifanizo, luntha, chitowe, udzu wamapasi, ndi zina zotere), ndizofunika kwambiri kuyang'anira kubzala tiyi kapena chopukutira, chopukutira, sichofala m'minda yathu, ndi yachikhalidwe cha banja la tiyi.
Banja la tees limaphatikizapo pafupifupi genera 10 ndi mitundu yopitilira 300. Chotupa chimadziwika ndi kapangidwe kake ka maluwa: cholandiracho chimakhala nthawi zambiri ndimakanda akulu kapena opindika; Maluwa ang'onoang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala a nubescript maluwa "amathawa" ozungulira kuchokera pansi kupita m'mwamba. Kutulutsa ngati mafunde mwa mbewuzi ndikosangalatsa: "mafunde" amatulutsa kuchokera pakatikati kakang'ono mpaka pansi, kuchokera pansi pa inflorescence ndi pakati - kumtunda komanso kuchokera kumtunda wa inflorescence kupita pamwamba. Kuphatikiza pa izi, kwenikweni munda wamabotolo ndi teti ali ndi chipangizo choseketsa kuchokera kwa alendo osafunikira ochokera kudziko la tizilomboMasamba awo olimba amakula palimodzi, amapanga zidebe zooneka ngati chikho momwe madzi amadzisonkhanira; Sizotheka kuthyola misampha yotere kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri timene timakwera.
Teasel (Dipsacus sativus) - mawonekedwe azikhalidwe - amatenga malo apadera pakati pa teel. Masikono ake ndi mamba opanikizika, olimba komanso otanuka, otsogozedwa komanso owongoka pansi, pomwe mitundu yambiri yamtchire imakhala yowongoka komanso yopanda kanthu. Ndiye chifukwa chake, kuyambira kalekale, zitsamba zake zachonde (zamisala zodziwika bwino) zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nthabwala. Popanga nsalu zofewa za thonje (malata, ma velvet) komanso makina apamwamba kwambiri owumba ubweya, kong'onoyi yakhala yofunikira kwa nthawi yayitali. Zolinga zachuma za mmera uno zimadziwika ndi mayina ena - chingwe, nkhanambo. Mtunduwu udawadula m'maiko onse aku Europe chifukwa cha mafakitale ndikugulitsa kunja, komanso kuchokera theka lachiwiri la XVIII century. odziwika mu chikhalidwe komanso ku Russia, ngakhale pambuyo pake - ku America. Komabe, ndikuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito makhadi achitsulo popanga nsalu, phindu la mafakitale lambiri ma penti lachepa. Ku USSR, tiyi adalimidwa ku Crimea, Caucasus ndi Central Asia. Mbewu zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri (mpaka 30%), zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha zovala za nyimbo. Zomwe kufesa kwa tezi sikudziwika kwenikweni, koma pali lingaliro loti idayamba kale kuchokera ku zipatso zakutchire zaku Mediterranean (D. ferox).
Masiku ano, maluwa okhaokha owoneka bwino ndi omwe adaletsa mbewu izi kuwonongeka m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku.. Mwa mitundu inayi ya teti, yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa owuma, teel ndiyabwino kwambiri, ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, chimakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu komanso zamphamvu - "cones". Chomera ndichinthu chomwe amakonda kukonda kwambiri maluwa monga mawonekedwe okongoletsera nyumba, komanso nyimbo. Teasel imawonekanso bwino m'munda. Ndipo nthawi yozizira, yotsalira pamalopo ndikuchita fumbi, imawoneka yosowa kwambiri.
© OliBac
Kufesa tchire - chomera chachikulu chopendekera 1 - 2 m kutalika ndi masamba osiyana, ophatikizidwa ndi masamba awo. Masamba oyambira ndiopatsa mphamvu, opangidwa ndi masamba khumi otambalala. Maluwa okhala ndi maluwa pamtunda wonsewo amakhala odabwitsika, nthambi komanso kubereka "ma cones" 20. "Ma cones" awa ali ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical, kutalika kwake kumafikira 10cm, ali akulu osiyanasiyana ngakhale pachitsamba chimodzi.
Kudula nthawi zambiri kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, nyemba zikafika kukhwima, koma zisanakhale zofiirira ku mvula, zithandizeni mu nyengo youma.. Opsa kwathunthu, amakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni, ndipo ngati wadulidwa kale, amakhala wobiriwira (nkhani ya kukoma). Pofuna kupewa kuvulaza manja anu, valani zovala zolimba kapena magolovu, chifukwa apo ayi magazi sangapewe. Teasel ilibe ma prickly prickly okha, komanso ma splintery olimba olimba. Asanayime, ndikofunikira kuchotsa minga pachitsamba ndi mpeni wakuthwa, ndikuchotsa mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti mpeniwo ukhale kangapo kuchokera pansi mpaka pansi. Mitambo yodulidwa ndi gawo la peduncle imayimitsidwa masiku 4 - 5 mumthunzi, atapendekeka ndi inflorescence. Zitatha izi, chotsani masamba m'munsi ndikutsikira pamwamba, ikani kabokosi kamakatoni ndikusungira m'chipinda chouma chopanda.
Ngakhale chomera chonsecho sichichedwa kunyinyirika, chomera choletsa chilala komanso chosazizira. mbewu zotukuka kwambiri ndipo ma cone akuluakulu amakhala pamtengo wokwera bwino, m'malo otentha - dothi lodzaliramo liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, lotayirira, lokhalanso ndi mawonekedwe, lofananira bwino, lopanda chonde kwambiri: mbewuyo ikukana kutuluka panthaka "mafuta kwambiri" ("mafuta"), komanso nthaka yonyowa kwambiri, yokhala yofunda.
© H. Zell
Zimayambitsa maluwa mu Ogasiti. Patatha mwezi umodzi kutulutsa maluwa (mu Seputembala), mbewu zimacha - tetrahedral, yayikulu, ndikumera kwake kwa nthawi yayitali (3-4 g). Ngati sizisonkhanitsidwa pa nthawi, zimagona mokwanira, kenako samosevoy yam'magazi imagonjetsa mwachangu magawo atsopano. Amatha kuthamanga kuthengo ndikumera m'malo osiyidwa. Mukamasankha anthu oyandikana nawo tiyi, dziwani kuti ndiwankhanza kwambiri ndipo imatha kumiza zitsamba zapafupi.
Mbewu zofesedwa kuzama 2 - 2,5 masentimita mu kugwa, atangokolola, nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala, kapena koyambirira kwamasika. Ndikwabwino kuzifesa nthawi yomweyo m'malo okhazikika. Mbewu zazingwe ndizokulirapo, mpaka 5cm kutalika, khungu lokhazikika, liyenera kuzikiririka kwa maola 2-3 mu yankho la feteleza wamaluwa kapena njira yapinki yapinki ya potaziyamu; ali ndi mbeu yophukira pafupi ndi 100%, kotero ndikwabwino kuyiyika pakati pa 5 - 7 cm.
© Eugene Zelenko
M'chaka choyamba, masamba a masamba okha amapangidwa omwe amakhalabe nthawi yachisanu. Ngati malo ogulitsawo amakula kwambiri, ndiye kuti kumapeto kwa Seputembala kapena kumayambiriro kwa chaka chachiwiri amapukutidwa ndikudzalidwa - malo awo azakudya azikhala osachepera 60 x 30 cm, apo ayi ma cones adzakhala ochepa. Zomera zimalekerera kuzomera bwino. Mu nthawi yophukira, ndikofunika kuchotsa masamba akulu akulu obiriwira ochepa chifukwa chobisalako.; nyengo yachisanu, mbewu zimafunikira kukongoletsedwa pang'ono ndikuphimbidwa ndi nthambi za spruce kuti zisazizire mu chisanu; chivundikiro chiyenera kukhala kokha ndi kuyamba kwa madontho (-5 ... -7 ° C), nthaka ikadzala mpaka akuya masentimita 3-5; Pogona sidzangopulumutsa mbewuyi ku chisanu ozizira, komanso kuthana ndi vuto loti lisanachitike (kusanayambe mizu) kukulira masamba; chivundikirocho chikuyenera kuchotsedwa pokhapokha ngati mukuonetsetsa kuti dothi laphwanyiratu. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokukula, mutha kupanga pang'ono feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
Kusiya kumakhala ndi udzu, kumasula nthaka ndi kuthirira.
Teasel (Dipsacus)Teasel amatha kudwala ufa wa powdery, womwe umadziwoneka ngati malo oyera oyera pamabowo ndi masamba, komanso chopindika cha maziko a tsinde. Cinnamaria teel imavulaza teel (mawonekedwe owonongeka owuma kapena ma voids mwa iwo), komanso mbewa.
Kuti mupeze chipatso chomera chophukira, tsinani pakati pa tsinde, ndipo panthambi za yoyambayo chotsani mphukira zonse, ndikungokhalira zitsamba 6 - 10 pachitsamba. Njira izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupange ma cone akuluakulu opangidwa pazitali zazitali.
Chonde chofufumitsa ndichabwino kwambiri komanso popanda chithandizo. Koma amawoneka bwino atapaka utoto. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito utoto wamadzi, inki, inki, aniline ndi mitundu ya chakudya, mabala.
Pachaka chatsopano, mutha kudabwiza alendo pochiza mchere wambiri wa pine ndi mchere.
- Thirani mtsuko wa lita imodzi ndi madzi otentha, momwe mumapangira njira yowonjezera ya sodium chloride, pang'ono pang'ono. Panjira iyi, tsitsani pang'ono kupendekera ndikuchoka kwa masiku awiri. Pang'onopang'ono miyala yamchere imatha kukula ndikukula. Kenako chotsani ndikuumitsa chipatsocho, ndipo mudzapeza "mafunde oundana" owoneka bwino.
Teasel (Dipsacus)Musaiwale izi zisanafike opareshoni kuti muyike waya wolimba mu tsinde kuti lisasweke, chifukwa chulucho chimakhala cholemera. Ngati, pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwewo, mulu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi mkuwa wa sulfate, umawoneka wocheperako.
M'nyengo yozizira, maluwa owumitsa a zouma, omwe safuna chisamaliro chilichonse kapena kutsirira, amasangalala!
