Pakati pa phokoso ndi misasa yambiri komanso ma faar a tsarist Russia, mawu akulira kwa ogulitsa maswiti anali kumveka kawirikawiri: "Phukusi la Tsaregradsky! Nyanga zokoma! Amakhala kuti wagona omwe wapeza ndalama!"
Panali china chake choti mungang'ambe makosi anu: maswiti sanali ndalama zambiri, koma phindu lalikulu limalonjeza.
Mtengo wa Carob, kapena Ceratonia siliculose, kapena nyemba za Tsaregradsky (Ceratonia siliqua). © Juan CaparrosM'malo olima ma poti a Tsaregradsky, amapita kukadyetsa ziweto, ndipo osaukawo nthawi zina ankazidya. Kwa ma ruble 400,000 agolide, nyanga zinkalowetsedwa ku Russia chaka chilichonse, ndipo ndalama zomwe zinkagulitsidwa sizinawerengeredwe.
Kodi zopindulitsa izi zidachokera kuti? Ndikusintha kuti ziphuphu za Tsaregradsky ndi zipatso za mtengo wamoto, ceratonia. Chikhalidwe chake chidadziwika kale m'maiko aku Mediterranean.
Dzinalo lasayansi la genus Ceratonia limachokera ku Greek κεράτιον (ceratiοn), κέρcyς (makamera), kutanthauza "nyanga." Mawu akuti carat, kutanthauza kulemera kwina, amachokera ku Chi Greek chomwecho (ceratiοn), pokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbeu za mitundu ya Ceratonia siliqua ku Roma wakale ngati muyeso wa kulemera.
Ceratonia ndi mtengo wawung'ono wamamita 10 kuchokera ku banja la nyemba zomwe zimawoneka ngati mthethe woyera. Komabe, korona wawo wobiriwira nthawi zonse amakhala wonenepa kuposa wa mthethe, maluwawo ndi ang'ono, osawerengeka, omwe amakhala ndi bulashi.
Zipatso za carob zobiriwira. © Julio ReisZipatso zofiirira - nyemba za carob - awa ndi nyemba zosankhomera, kapena nyanga zabwino. Akuluakulu, ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 25, m'lifupi mwake mpaka masentimita 4 ndi makulidwe a 1 sentimita. Mbewu za chipatso cha ceratonia zimamizidwa mu zamkati zotsekemera (pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya shuga).
Mitengo iyi imabala zipatso pafupipafupi, imapereka zipatso zolemera ma kilogalamu 200 pachaka. Zipatso za ceratonia nthawi zambiri zimachotsedwa osapsa ndipo zimasiyidwa masiku angapo padzuwa mpaka zamkati zimawakomera. Ogulitsa amalonda atagulitsidwa osakhutitsa a ma poti a Tsaregradsky amawaza madzi ndikuwawagulitsa ngati madzi kapena kuwamwetsa mowa, ndikumakonzera pulawo yotsalayo kuti ikhale m'malo mwa khofi.
Mbewu za mtengo wa carob, kapena Ceconia. © PhilmarinAtafufuza kwakutali, miyala yamtengo wapatali yakale komanso akatswiri opanga mankhwala anaonetsetsa kuti njere zolimba, za bulauni za ceratonium - mtengo wa carob ndizofanana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, adayamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati zolemera zachilendo poyeza miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali: diamondi, emeralds, golide, platinamu. Tinapeza kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo - mbewu za mtengo wa carob komanso mu pharmacopeia.
Pakadali pano zipatso za carob sizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala.
Wolemba S. I. Ivchenko
