Zomera monga Tagete ndizachikhalidwe kapena zakale ndipo zimachokera ku banja la Asteraceae. Marigolds amachokera ku Central ndi South America. Mafuko amtundu waku America akuchikhalidwe chawo adawagwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso mbewuzi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Marigolds adawonekera ku Europe m'zaka za zana la 16, ndipo adakhalanso maluwa oyamba obwera ku Russia ochokera kumaiko akunja. Dzinalo lotere linaperekedwa ndi K. Linney. Adatcha dzina la Etruscan demigod Tages, mdzukulu wa Jupiter, yemwe anali wokongola kwambiri ndipo anali ndi mphatso ya wambwebwe. Marigolds amatchedwa chornobyobtsy. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu 40, yomwe imakulidwa mosangalala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Mawonekedwe a Marigold
Mphukira zokhala ndi nthambi kapena zowongoka zimapanga chitsamba cha 20-130 sentimita. Mizu ya fibrous, mumakhala masamba opindika kapena olekanitsidwa pang'ono, omwe ali osiyana kapena osiyana. Mtundu wa masamba amtundu wochokera kumdima mpaka wobiriwira. Mabasiketi amaluwa amatha kujambulika mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulauni, chikaso ndi lalanje. Maluwa am'mbuyo ndi abodza, ndipo apakatikati amakhala amitundu iwiri, tubular; Ma pichesi amakhala ndi stigmas, ndipo ovary ndi pansi. Maluwa ndi ochulukirachulukira, amayamba m'masiku oyamba a Juni, ndipo amathera ndikuyamba kwa madambidwe oyamba. Zipatsozo ndi mzere achene. Izi mbewu amatha kupereka zambiri kudzilimbitsa. Nthawi yomweyo, kumera kwa mbewu kumatha kupitilira zaka zitatu mpaka zinayi. Zomera zimatulutsa fungo lamphamvu la zonunkhira, ndipo masamba ake amanunkhira kwambiri kuposa maluwa.
Katundu wa Marigold
Marigolds akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Anaphunziridwa mosamalitsa ndi asayansi, ndipo adatsimikizira kuti maluwa amenewa alidi ndi machiritso. Motere, marigolds sangathe kukongoletsa dimba lanu, komanso kuchiritsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, lutein omwe ali momwemo amawathandizira kupewa kuyambitsidwa kwamatope. Chomerachi chimathandizanso kutulutsa kapamba, komanso shuga. Kulowetsedwa komwe kumapangidwa kuchokera ku marigolds kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ammimba, chimfine, matenda a m'mimba, mphumu, komanso kumayeretsa magazi. Kupanga kulowetsedwa, muyenera kusakaniza 1 lalikulu supuni ya maluwa osankhidwa ndi 1 lita imodzi ya madzi owiritsa kumene. Pambuyo maola atatu, kulowetsaku kuyenera kusefedwa. Imwani 200 ga kwa mphindi 30 musanadye kwa milungu 4.
Pankhani ya kukomoka kwa mitsempha ndi kukhumudwa, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti azisamba, momwe zimasinthira ma marigold, chifukwa zimathandiza kuchepetsa nkhawa, kuchepetsa mitsempha, komanso kuthetsa nkhawa. Ndipo kwanthawi yayitali, anthu okhala ku South America amagwiritsa ntchito zomerazi monga chakudya, komanso zokometsera, komanso kupanga ma marinade, soseji ndi makeke osiyanasiyana. M'misika ya ku Caucasus, mutha kugula marigold ufa, omwe amatchedwa "Imereti safroni", amakhala ndi satsivi, pilaf ndi soup. Ku France, maluwa amakulira pamalonda, chifukwa amafunidwa kwambiri pakati pa gourmet. Ngati mungayike masamba a mbewu zotere mu marinade, ndiye kuti masamba azonunkhira bwino kwambiri, ndipo adzasungika nthawi yayitali.
Mutha kupanganso ma cookie okoma ndi marigolds. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupatula mapuloteni anayi ndikuwawaza kuti apange chithovu. Phatikizani magalamu 100 a shuga granured ndi 2 zikuluzikulu zazikulu zamaluwa zatsopano za chomera ndi kupera zonse bwino. Supuni 4 zazikulu za batala la ng'ombe ziyenera kupitilizidwa kuphatikiza ndi maulalo otsala, ndi shuga wosakanizidwa ndi marigolds, ndi magalamu 100 a ufa wa tirigu. Pambuyo pake, pamwamba pa misa yofunikira, muyenera kuyika mapuloteni mosamala ndikusakaniza zonse pang'onopang'ono. Mafuta poto ndi mafuta ndi kuyikamo mtanda. Keke iyenera kuphikidwa mpaka kuphika kwathunthu mpaka nthaka itapeza golide. Keke yochokera ikayamba kuzizira, iyenera kugawidwa m'magulu awiri ndi mpeni.
Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Wamaluwa amalima mitundu yambiri ya marigolds, koma mitundu ya mitundu itatu yokha ndiyodziwika kwambiri, monga: anakana (otsika pang'ono), owongoka (nthawi zambiri amakhala wamtali) komanso wowonda-matendawa (samapezeka pakati pa lat latini). Zosiyanasiyana zamtunduwu zimadziwika ndi kusiyanasiyana kwawo. Chifukwa chake, maluwa awo amatha kukhala akulu kapena ochepa, okhala ndi miyala yayikulu kapena iwiri, komanso kujambulidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lalanje, bulauni ndi chikasu.
Tagetes eounda, kapena African
Mumtunduwu, ndi zimphona, motero kutalika kwake kungafike mamita 0.3-1. Nthawi zambiri, ma terry inflorescence amapaka utoto wamtundu umodzi, pomwe awiri awo saposa masentimita 15.
Mitundu yotchuka:
- Vanilla - kutalika kwa chitsamba mpaka 0,7 m, mainchesi a terry oyera-zonona inflorescences afika masentimita 12.
- Kilimanjaro - chitsamba kutalika 0,6-0.7 m, inflorescence yamtchire imakhala ndi mawonekedwe.
- Antigua - mitundu yosasinthika, kutalika kwa chitsamba sikupitilira 25 cm. Tchire ndi zowongoka, ndipo pamwamba pawo pamakhala maluwa akuluakulu (mainchesi pafupifupi 15 sentimita), opaka utoto wachikasu, chikasu chozama, chagolide kapena lalanje.
Marigolds ndiwodalirika, kapena kukanidwa, kapena French (Tagetes patula)
Kutalika kwa tchire nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika kuposa mamilimita 0.6. Pa tchire zowoneka bwino pali anthu ambiri osakhala pawiri, komanso ma inflorescence apakati, omwe mainchesi ake nthawi zambiri saposa masentimita 8. Mtunduwu umatchedwanso kufalikira. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndiyomwe ili ndi mndandanda wa Bonanza, kutalika kwake sikupita masentimita 30, mwachitsanzo, Bonanza Bolero, Bonanza Orange, Bonanza Flame ndi ena. Tchire lawo lokhala ndi ma terry ang'onoang'ono (mainchesi pafupifupi masentimita 5-6) opaka utoto wamtali, Amawoneka bwino kwambiri. Komanso ma Carmen marigold amakongoletsa kwambiri. Terry inflorescence amapangidwa ndi petalsated petals. Ziphuphu pakati penipeni pautoto ndi utoto wachikasu, ndipo zofiirira zofiirira zimakhala kumapeto.
Marigold woonda thupi, kapena waku Mexico
Kunja, ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina. Chifukwa chake, ali ndi masamba onunkhira otsekemera a masamba obowoka omwe amawoneka akuwuluka mlengalenga. Ndipo amakhalanso ndi mitengo yaying'ono yama inflorescence yaying'ono, yomwe imapangitsa kuti moto uzitha. Zitha kupakidwa utoto wachikasu, wagolide, ofiira komanso lalanje. Akulidwa kuyambira 1795. Mpaka pano, pali mitundu pafupifupi 70 ya mtunduwu. Kutalika kwa tchire sikupita masentimita 40. Dongosolo lomwe ali nalo ndi lamphamvu kwambiri, komanso mizu yofikira pansi pa mphukira. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Ursula (lalanje-golide), Golden Jam, Gnome, Lulu (wachikasu-golide), Paprika (lalanje-lalanje).
Kukula pang'ono kwa mbewu
Kubzala mbewu panthaka
Ngakhale novice amathanso kulima ma marigolds kuchokera ku mbewu. Mutha kubzala mbeu zonse ndikubzala chitsamba chamaluwa kale. Kubzala mbande kapena kufesa mbewu kuyenera kuchitika nthaka itayamba kuotha bwino. Muyenera kupanga mzere wowaza ndi wowaza, womwe ukhale wozama mainchesi asanu. Iyenera kuthiriridwa, kenako ndikuyika njere. Pambuyo pa izi, poyambira ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi. Pakatha theka la mwezi mbande zoyambirira ziziwoneka. Ngati mbande ndi wandiweyani, ndiye kuti iyenera kubzalidwe.
Kukula kudzera mbande
Mbewu za Marigold zidzayenera kugulidwa kokha pofesa koyamba. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbewuzo mutakula, mutha kusonkhanitsa mbewu zambiri. Kuti muchite izi, dikirani mpaka inflorescence ipume bwino, ndipo tsiku lamvula, tulutsani mbewuzo. Ayenera kuyesedwa ndi kusungidwa mpaka nthawi yamasika. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya hybrids yomwe ikugulitsidwa, ndipo mbewu zomwe zimatengedwa ku tchire zotere sizingasunge zinthu zamitundumitundu, chifukwa zimatha kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chamtundu uliwonse wa kholo. Ambiri olima dimba amakonda kubzala mbewu zomwe zamera kale. Phimbani pansi pa sopo ndi nsalu yonyowa, ndipo ikani njerezo pamalo ake. Kenako msuzi uyenera kuikidwa m'thumba la polyethylene ndikuyika malo otentha. Pakatha masiku atatu, mbewuzo zimaswa.
Nthawi yofesa mbande
Mukamasankha tsiku lofesa, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mutabzala mbewu, mumatha kuona maluwa mwachangu. Mukakulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mbeu zazing'ono komanso zowoneka bwino zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe m'masiku oyamba a Epulo, ndikuwongoka - m'ma March. Poterepa, tchire lonse limaphuka nthawi imodzi - mu June. Kukula mbande ndikosavuta, komabe pali zovuta zambiri. Konzani kusakaniza, chifukwa kuphatikiza peat, mchenga, humus ndi sod (2: 1: 2: 2). Kenako iyenera kukhala yophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi yankho la fungicidal wothandizila kapena potaziyamu permanganate (mtundu wakuda wa pinki). Pangani danga la masentimita atatu la mchenga, miyala kapena miyala yofutukuka pansi pa thankiyo. Manyowa gawo lapansi ndi feteleza wachilengedwe (musagwiritse manyowa atsopano). Pangani ma grooo, pomwe mtunda pakati pawo uzikhala 15-20 mm. Ikani mbewu mmenemo ndikuphimba m'miyala ndi woonda woonda. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika mosamala, chifukwa mbewu zimatha kutsukidwa mosavuta. Ikani chidebecho pamoto (kuchokera pa madigiri 22 mpaka 25) ndikunyowetsa nthaka m'nthawi yake, kuti isapume. Mphukira zoyambirira zimayenera kuwonekera patatha masiku 7, kenako chidebecho chiyenera kukonzedwanso m'malo abwino omwe kutentha kwa mpweya ndi madigiri 15-18.
Nthawi yobzala mbande
Kubzala mbande panthaka kumachitika pokhapokha popanda kuopseza chisanu. Kumbukirani kuti marigold amaopa chisanu. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti marigolds obzalidwa ayenera kukhala ndi timapepala tokwana 3, komanso mizu yamphamvu. Monga lamulo, ikamatera ikuchitika m'masiku otsiriza a Meyi, woyamba - mu June. Pakubzala, muyenera kusankha malo omwe ali ndi dothi lodzaza ndi michere, loamy, osalowerera ndale, omwe amakhala osungunuka bwino kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka pakati pa nthawi yachilimwe. Pakakhala kuti nthaka ndi yopanda chonde, ndiye kuti mbeu nthawi ya kukula ikufunika kudyetsedwa kawiri kapena katatu.
Mtunda pakati pa tchire mwachindunji umatengera mitundu ndi mitundu. Ngati mbewuyo ndi yopanda pake, ndiye kuti pakati pa tchire ndi mizere ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kutalika kwa masentimita 20, kwa yayitali ndi yayitali masentimita 30, ndipo kwa yayitali - 40 sentimita. Mbewu zikabzala, zimafunika kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri mokwanira komanso bwino. Ngakhale ma marigold amatha kuthana ndi chilala, ngati amathiridwa madzi kawirikawiri komanso moperewera, ndiye kuti tchire limakhala lofooka, ndipo maluwa amakhala ochepa.
Chisamaliro cha Marigold
Zomera izi zimakonda kumera m'malo a dzuwa, ndipo m'malo ano ndimomwe maluwa ake ndi ambiri komanso amawoneka bwino. Mutha kukulanso duwa lotere mumthunzi ndi mthunzi. Ngakhale duwa limakula mwachangu, liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, koma mapangidwe a inflorescence atayamba, kuthilira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, chifukwa ngati sichoncho, mizu imatha kuvunda chifukwa chazinyowa m'nthaka, ndipo izi zimathandizanso kuti pakhale maluwa. Marigolds amafunika kudyetsedwa monga amafunira, kwinaku akumbukira kuti amayankha bwino kuvala. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani feteleza wovuta. Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika pamene chomera chikukula masentimita khumi, nthawi yachiwiri - kumayambiriro kwa budding, komanso kachitatu - pomwe chomera chimamera.
Mitundu yotere imafunikira kudulira pafupipafupi, komanso kumasula kwa dothi lapansi. Zikadzachitika kuti m'chilimwe tchire limamera, zitheka kupanga kutengulira kolimba. Mukachotsa nthawi, inflorescence yomwe yayamba kuzimiririka, ndiye kuti maluwa ambiri adzachuluka. Fungo lamphamvu lomwe limachokera ku chomeracho, komanso ma phytoncides omwe amapanga, amateteza marigolds, komanso maluwa omwe akutuluka m'deralo, ku matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Nthawi zambiri alimi wamaluwa amabzala ma marigold m'mphepete mwa munda wonsewo. Ngati mvula yamvula ikatuluka, ndiye kuti ma marigold amatha kuvulaza kapena kuwira. Pothamangitsa tizirombo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mitsuko yodzadza ndi bulichi pakati pa tchire. Nthawi zina, imvi zimayamba kuphukira masamba ndi mphukira. Tchire lomwe limayambukiralo liyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwotchedwa, chifukwa limatha kupatsira mbewu zina. Ngati nthawi yotentha ilipo chilala chambiri, ndiye kuti nthata za kangaude zimangokhala phee. Kuti muchotse, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito tincture wa yarrow, anyezi kapena tsabola wofiyira. Pazifukwa zodzitetezera, nthawi ya chilimwe, tchire liyenera kumunyowa ndi utsi kangapo patsiku.
Marigolds pambuyo maluwa
Zodzikongoletsera za marigold nthawi zambiri zimakhala pachaka. Pankhaniyi, atatha maluwa, ayenera kutulutsidwa. Kuti muzisangalala ndi kukongola kwa marigolds a chaka chamawa, ndikofunikira kutola nthangala zacha nthawi.
Ma inflorescence owuma amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa famu komanso mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumagwira ntchito pakompyuta kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi iliyonse musanadye, idyani mitu iwiri kapena itatu ya maluwa oterowo, ndipo amathanso kuwonjezeredwa ku saladi.
Ngati pali ntchofu kapena zowonda, ndikofunikira kudya mitu ingapo ya marigold kwa masiku 7 madzulo (kwa ana - 2 kapena 3 zidutswa, achikulire pazidutswa 5).
Kuti muchotse ma midges akuwuluka pafupi ndi dzenje la kompositi, muyenera kuthira chidebe chonse cha marigold zouma.
Mukayika maluwa a marigold pawindo pafupi ndi khomo lakutsogolo, alendo okhala ndi zolinga zoyipa adzadutsa.
Maphikidwe othandiza
- Mlomo wabwinokotero kuti amakhala ofewa. Pukusani mitu ya choterocho ndipo tengani zida zazikuluzikulu ziwiri zoyambira. Phatikizani ndi supuni imodzi yayikulu ya mafuta apulosi komanso ndi kapu yachitatu ya mafuta a azitona. Chotsani osakaniza mu masiku 7. Zitatha izi, ziyenera kusefedwa, pomwe musaiwale kufinya marigold. Zotsatira zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kupakidwa pakhungu la milomo, ngati pakufunika kutero.
- Pamaso pa nkhope. Tengani zikuni zingapo zazikulu zamitu zodulidwa ndikusakaniza ndi 200 g madzi atsopano owiritsa. Aime usiku. Kenako kulowetsaku kuyenera kusefedwa, kufinya marigolds. Thirani supuni 1 yaying'ono ya mandimu ndi supuni 1 yayikulu ya vodka mu kulowetsedwa. Kuti zisungidwe, zochitikazo ziyenera kuyikidwa padera la firiji. Pukutani khungu lanu katatu patsiku.
- Njira yothetsera thukuta, ndi mkwiyo kapena kutupa kwa khungu la nkhope. Tengani zikuni zingapo zazikulu za marigold inflorescence zosakanikirana ndikusakaniza ndi 300 g madzi otentha. Lolani kusakaniza kuwira, kuphimba ndikukakamira kwa pafupifupi maola 3-4. Finyani msuzi, kwinaku akufinya maluwa. Onjezerani supuni zamadzi zingapo ndi madzi otsekemera kuchokera ku tsamba lalikulu la aloe. Kuti zisungidwe, zochitikazo ziyenera kuyikidwa padera la firiji. Malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo omwe amayenera kugwira kawiri pa tsiku.
