Albert Einstein nthawi ina adanena kuti njuchi zikalekeka, anthu sakhala ndi moyo ngakhale zaka zinayi. Nthawi zambiri zoona. Adzapulumuka, koma adzasintha zokonda zake motsimikizika. Zowonadi, kuchepetsedwa kwa njuchi pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi kudzapangitsa kutsika kwa ntchito zamalimi ambiri komanso kuwonjezeka kwamtengo. Mwachilengedwe, zinachitika kuti popanda kugawana njuchi ndi tizilombo tina, kupukutidwa kwa zipatso zambiri, masamba, ndi mbewu zina sizingatheke.
Chifukwa chiyani alipo ochepa
Zowona kuti kuchepa kwa njuchi, ndidakhutitsidwa ndi zomwe dziko lathu likuchita. Kusintha kwa ulimi kudapangitsa kuti ambiri azikulitsa, makamaka alimi ang'onoang'ono, kuti asakonde kufesa mbewu zopukutidwa ndi njuchi, makamaka mavwende, ndipo ngati abzala ndi mpendadzuwa afesedwa m'malo akulu, awa ndi mahybrids (makamaka mpendadzuwa), omwe malinga ndi alimi maluwa ndi kukolola uchi wochepa.
Osmia (njuchi ya Mason)Kupanga mbewu ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi zambiri kumachitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njuchi, ndipo tizilombo timafa chifukwa cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Uchi ukhoza kukhala maluwa ndi padevy. Maluwa amapangidwa pakukonzedwa ndi njuchi za timadzi tamaluwa tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono totseka maluwa ndi masamba a maluwa. Mitundu yonseyi ndi yofanana.
Ndibwerera ku mgwirizano wathu, momwe muli magawo 75. Zaka zinayi zapitazo, njuchi zimasungidwa m'magawo asanu, ndipo tsopano zikulira mu imodzi yokha.
Mwini wa malowa, Vladimir Nikipelov, akuti:
"Ndinkasungira ming'oma 25, koma isanu yokha." Ndi njuchi yayikulu mavuto ambiri. Ndikofunikira kusunthira kosalekeza, ndipo abwana anga ali ndi bizinesi yokhazikitsidwa m'njira kotero kuti palibe nthawi yopanga njuchi. Chifukwa chake, ndimasungira ming'oma yambiri momwe ndingathere. Njuchi zimabweretsa botolo kapena uchi wambiri pa mng'oma pa nyengo, ndipo tili nazo zokwanira.
Chiwerengero cha njuchi zatsika ndi kasanu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba zidatsalira chimodzimodzi.
Kodi njira yopezekera ndi iti?
Osmia njuchi (Mason njuchi)Ogwira ntchito zamanja
Nthawi inayake, famu yomwe ndimagwirako ntchito yolima nyemba za alfalfa, ndipo njuchi zakuthengo nthawi zambiri zinkakopeka chifukwa cha kupukutidwa kwa nyerere. M'malo omwe amayesedwa mayeso, paliponse panali zida zopangira zisa za njuchi zakuthengo. "Bwanji osatunga mphekesera za mungu wamaluwa ndi zipatso za mabulosi?" Ndinaganiza. Ndinayamba rummage m'mabuku, zidapezeka kuti pali njira yotere.
Fabre (1823-1915) wa ku France adakhulupilira kuti pollinator wabwino kwambiri pakati pa njuchi zamtchire ndi osmia wa genus Cornet: amagwira ntchito kutentha pang'ono, ngakhale ndi mvula yabwino, kuthamanga kothawa kumakhala kokwera kangapo kuposa njuchi zapakhomo, koma mtunda wothawa suwonjezereka 100-150 m.
Ndinaona kuti kusapezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa mungu kumawonedwa ndi mvula, kwamvumbi. Nyengo zoyipa zimalepheretsa tizilombo kuwuluka ndi mungu. Izi zidachitika mchaka cha 2009, pomwe kutentha kudatsika pa Epulo 23, ndipo kuyambira Meyi 3, kudali kugwa kwamvula kwa masiku asanu motsatana.
Tikuyitanitsa osmium
Nyumba ya Mason njuchi© P.I. Nemykin
Ndinayamba kukopa njuchi zokhazokha mu 2007. Chapakatikati, ndidadula bango (pambuyo pake bango) chubu 25-30 cm ndi 7-8 mm m'mimba mwake ndikuwayika m'magawo owongoka a mabotolo a polyethylene a 45-50 ma PC. (chithunzi Na. 1). Monga momwe zidakhalira pambuyo pake, mabotolo a polyethylene okhala ndi malita 0,5-1,5 ndi oyenera bwino pazolinga izi. Kenako adaika mabotolowa mozungulira mpanda, koma palibe osmium imodzi yomwe idakhalamo. Zinapezeka kuti mabotolo amayenera kuyikiridwa (chithunzi Na. 2). Chifukwa chake, mu kasupe wa 2008, ndinayika imodzi mwa maphukusiwo pansi (bokosi lamatabwa) ndikusiya pamalo ake akale. Chapakatikati pa Epulo, osmium adayamba kuzaza (chithunzi No. 3), pomwe ntchentche zimadzazidwa ndi mpumulowo. Mu Epulo 2009, ndidapanga kanyumba kena, ndikuyika chikwama cha bango (chithunzi No. 4), ndipo kumayambiriro kwa Meyi mabango adayamba kudzaza osmium.
Nyumba ya Osmia Bee House (hotelo ya bamboo yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi a Mason bee Osmia)Nyengo yakukhwima
Kuwona osmium, ndidawona kuti kutuluka kwawo kuchokera ku cocoon kumayamba mu theka lachiwiri la Epulo. Pamalo otetezedwa bwino, padzuwa lalunjika, kutuluka kumatha kale. Amuna oyamba amabwera. Dzuwa likawala kwambiri, zimawuluka mozungulira pogona, ngati kuti zitha kudziwa bwino malowa. Kenako amakhala pansi kuphimba ndikusinthana nsanje, kumenya nkhondo wina ndi mnzake. Kenako amadzuka mapiko awo, nkuuluka, ndikukhala pamaluwa ndipo, atakhuta, abwerera kumalo osungirako. Amawuluka mokhazikika kuchokera ku bango kupita ku lina, amaika mitu yawo m'mabowo kuti akawone ngati mkazi wina aliyense aganiza kuti atuluka.
Ndipo tsopano wina akuwonekera, onse mu fumbi komanso "nyansi ya suti" - izi ndi zotsatira za ntchito ndikumasulidwa kuchokera ku cocoon, ndipo amavomerezedwa kuti amaphwetse. Amuna amathamangira kwa iye. Wotsogola akumugwirizira, ena onse akumakwera ndi wina ndi mnzake, ndikupanga chipilala. Ndipo m'modzi mwa iwo, kutenga maziko a chipilalacho mwamphamvu, amapatsa nthawi yonse kuti adziwe kuti agonja ndipo, popanda kumasula nyama, amawulukira nsanje yankhanzayo.
Kubereka
Amuna amakhala osiyana ndi zazikazi zazing'onozing'ono ndi mphumi zoyera - "zisoti", kuchokera kutali zofanana ndi chipewa cha Napoleonic. Nthawi yakukhwima mu osmium ndi yochepa (masiku 3-5). Amunawo, atamaliza ntchito yawo, amazimiririka, ndipo zazikazi zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira, akuyamba kugwira ntchito. Atatenga chubu, amachiyeretsa bwino, kukumbukira malo ake ndikuyamba kumanga chisa. Tiyenera kumuthandiza ndi izi, popeza dothi lonyowa limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza magawo a chisa cha osmium. Pazifukwa izi, ndili ndi chidebe chodzazidwa ndimadzi, chomwe chimakhala chodetsa nthawi zonse. Atamanga chisa ndikupanga chakudya cham'madzi (malo osungirako osmium amenewa amatsimikiziridwa ndi malingaliro omwe amangodziwa), amaikira dzira, ndikuikinya ndi msanganizo wazakudya, ndi "kusindikiza" khomo lolowera kubango ndi dothi lonyowa. Ndizo zonse. Ntchito yatha. Mphamvu zonse zinapita kukabereka. Osmia amwalira.
Nyumba Yodzazidwa ndi Njuchi za Osmia (Nyumba ya njuchi ya Mason)Inde, moyo wa osmium ndi waufupi kwambiri. Amasowa mpaka nyengo yamasika.
Zoyenera kuchita
Tsopano popeza tadziwana mwachidule ndi osmium ndikudziwa maubwino awo, tidzatsimikiza, tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe tikuyenera kuchita ku kanyumba ka chilimwe kuti tiwakope:
- phunzirani za kupezeka kwa bango pafupi ndi malowa;
- pakugwa, mabango atakhwima, kuwaza ndi kusunga m'malo owuma;
- kumasulidwa kuntchito ndikupeza nthawi, kudula mabatani kukhala akuthwa ndi zitsulo hacksaw kukhala zidutswa 25-30 cm kutalika ndi mfundo pakati ndi zidutswa 7-8 mm m'mimba mwake, mangani kapena malo zidutswa za mabotolo apulasitiki amtundu wa 45-50. Pezani chisa cha njuchi 45-100;
- nthawi yamasika, ikatentha, ikani malo okhala m'malo obisika pansi pake (pazitsulo zilizonse zopanda chitsulo) zotenthetsera ndi dzuwa;
- ikani chidebe chamadzi, chizikhala chonyowa nthawi zonse pafupi ndi icho.
Ndizo zonse.
Osmia njuchi (Mason njuchi)Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito:
- P.I. Nemykin - Njuchi ndi mnzake wa anthu okhala chilimwe
