Penstemon ndi shrub wamuyaya kapena mbewu ya semi-shrub. Malo omwe mbewuyo idabadwira ndi North ndi Central America. Maluwa ndi a banja la clover, ngakhale kuti zakunja zachilendo zimati ndi banja lodyera, lomwe mumakhala mitundu yoposa 250.
Zambiri
Dzinalo Lachilatini la mmera, lomasuliridwa ku Russia, limamveka "pafupifupi stamen." Chifukwa chakuti duwa limakhala ndi mawonekedwe osamveka amitundu yosiyanasiyana, likuyang'ana patali kwambiri m'malire a miyala, ndipo ku England cholembedwacho chimatchedwa "lilime lokhala ndi ndevu", chifukwa cha kusamvetseka kumeneku.
Kwa minda yathu, chikhalidwechi ndidakali chosowa. Koma chifukwa chowala komanso mawonekedwe ake osadziwika bwino, ayamba kukula mdera lathu lanyengo. Zomera zimayamba kumayambiriro kwa Juni ndipo zimamasula kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Sikovuta kuzikulitsa, chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira uphungu wa wamaluwa waluso kenako mbewuyo imakondwera ndi maluwa ake owala nyengo yonse yamasika.
Mitundu ya Penstemon ndi mitundu ya zithunzi zokhala ndi dzinalo
Penstemon Perennial - ndi udzu wokhala ndi udzu wokhala ndi mizere yolunjika komanso masamba obiriwira okhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Kutalika kwa chikhalidwe kumafikira 1.2 metres. Maluwa amatha kukhala a tubular kapena belu. Amasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwopa inflorescence, okhala ndi zoyera, zofiira, lilac, pinki ndi mitundu ina. Zomera zimayamba pachilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Penstemon digitalis -chikhalidwe chimafika kutalika kwa mita 1. Ma inflorescence ndi akulu, opepuka pinki. Nthawi yamaluwa ya chomera imagwera kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndipo imatha mwezi umodzi. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zosagwira chisanu ndipo zimatha kulekerera nyengo yachisanu popanda kutentha.
Penstemon Kumangidwa - Mitundu iyi imadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri komanso oyambirira. Kutalika kwa tchire kumafika mpaka 90 sentimita. Ma inflorescence ali ndi khungu losadziwika - ndi loyera mkati komanso ofiira kunja. Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba mu Meyi ndipo imatha mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi.
Mapulogalamu amdima a Penstemon - Chomera chimawetedwa posachedwa. Amadziwika ndi kukana chisanu komanso maluwa ambiri. Masamba osalala a maroon, lanceolate. Maluwa a pinki amatengedwa mosakanikirana ndi inflorescence. Chikhalidwe chimakhala chokulirapo mpaka masentimita 70 ndi maluwa pachilimwe chonse.
Penstemon Carillo Red - Kutalika, chikhalidwe chimafikira masentimita 60. Masamba masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Zimayambira ndizochepa thupi, zokhala ndi lite. Panicle inflorescence ofiira wofiirira. Izi zimamasula kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala.
Penstemon Hartweg
Kunja, mitunduyi imafanana ndi maluwa. Kutalika, chomera chimafikira masentimita 70. Ma inflorescence ndi akulu, amatengedwa ndi mabulashi achilendo. Mithunzi yamtundu imatha kukhala yoyera-yofiira, lalanje, yofiirira ndi yofiirira. Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala pakati pa chilimwe mpaka chisanu choyamba.
Penstemon Davidson - udzu wofupikitsa udzu, wotalika mpaka 30 cm. Masamba osalala ndi apakatikati, lanceolate, wobiriwira. Ma inflorescence ndimthunzi wawung'ono wa lilac. Zomera zimayamba pachilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Penstemon Mystic - mbewuyo imafikira masentimita 70 ndipo imakhala ndi masamba ndi thunthu. Mitengo ya inflorescence ndi yoyera, mtundu wa fungo labwino. Amaluwa kuyambira Juni mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti.
Penstemon Bellflower - zimayambira za mbewuzo zimatalika mpaka 90 cm. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, ofanana ndi mabelu a pinki-lilac hue. Mapepala okhala ndi ma sheet ndi lanceolate komanso obiriwira owoneka bwino. Zomera zimayamba kutulutsa mu June mpaka Sepemba.
Penstemon Hasker Red - wamtali wa herbaceous osatha afika masentimita 70. Masamba osalala a lanceolate, obiriwira. Inflorescence ndi yoyera pinki, racemose. Nthawi yamaluwa imatha kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala.
Pystemon Zophatikiza
Ndiwowoneka bwino pachaka, mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 80. Masamba a masamba obiriwira amdima, lanceolate okhala ndi malekezero akuthwa. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, owoneka ngati mabelu amtambo komanso wofiirira. Amaluwa kuyambira Juni mpaka Sepemba.
Penstemon The Hairy - ndi yaifupi, yosachedwa chitsamba, mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Masamba ndi obiriwira amdima, lanceolate ndi pubescence pang'ono. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, ofanana ndi belu la hule. Nthawi yamaluwa ya mbewuyi imagwera nthawi yotentha.
Mapulogalamu a Penstemon - zosiyanasiyana ndizodumphadumpha ndipo zimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 45. Masamba ndiwobiriwira wakuda omwe amatha. Ma inflorescence ndi mtundu wa genemose, wautali, wamaonekedwe awiri oyera-abuluu kapena oyera-ofiira. Amaluwa kuyambira Julayi mpaka Sepemba.
Penstemon Rubra - chitsamba chachikuda chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 70. Masamba ndiwobiriwira pang'ono, apakatikati okhala ndi malekezero osaloledwa. Ma inflorescence ndi akulu, ofiira-awiri-ofiira, ofiira-oyera ndi oyera-burgundy. Chikhalidwe chimamasula nthawi yonse yotentha.
Penstemon Pygmy - zosiyanasiyana zimatsitsidwa, mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 20. Chitsamba chili ndi masamba obiriwira, masamba obiriwira obiriwira komanso masamba opindika. Inflorescences racemose wotumbululuka lavenda. Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba mu Juni mpaka Ogasiti.
Penstemon Cobo
Mtengowo uli ndi ma masamba akuluakulu owoneka bwino obiriwira okhala ndi malekezero ake komanso okhazikika, mpaka masentimita 120. Ma inflorescence ndi akulu, mtundu wamtundu. Ali ndi zovala zoyera, zofiirira, zofiirira, zofiirira zoyera komanso zofiirira.
Penstemon the Redleaf - Chikhalidwe chosatha chimafikira masentimita 70 ndipo chili ndi masamba akuluakulu okhala ndi malekezero a maroon. Ma inflorescence ndi belu looneka ngati zoyera, zapinki, zofiirira komanso zofiira. Nthawi yamaluwa ya mbewuyi imagwera nthawi yotentha.
Penstemon Alpine - Chomera chachifupi chokhala ndi masamba ataliitali amtundu wa azitona amdima. Ma inflorescence ndi wandiweyani, ofanana ndi snapdragons, thambo lamtambo lalitali lalitali. Nthawi yamaluwa a penstemon imagwera mu Juni ndipo imatha mpaka Seputembara.
Penstemon Darkleaf - Kalasi iyi ya penstemon imafika kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 60 ndipo imakhala ndi masamba a masamba a maroon okhala ndi malembedwe ochepa. Inflorescences chikhalidwe racemose pinkish-oyera. Nthawi yamaluwa pachomera imatha chilimwe chonse.
Mtundu wa ayisikilimu wa Penstemon - chikhalidwechi chimafikira kutalika pafupifupi 80 sentimita ndipo chili ndi ziphuphu zazitali. Masamba a mbewuyo ndiwobiliwira, ndipo amatha. Maluwa ndi akulu, opaka kirimu wokhala ndi pakati pofiirira komanso Madontho. Zomera zimayamba kutulutsa mu June mpaka Sepemba.
Penstemon - Kutalika, chikhalidwe chimafikira 30 cm. Zimayambira ndizowongoka ndi masamba obiriwira amtambo wakuda. Ma inflorescence ndi akulu, achikasu owala, akutulutsa maluwa. Nthawi yamaluwa ozungulira imakhala mu Juni mpaka Ogasiti.
Kubzala kwa penstemon ndikusamalira poyera
Penstemon ndiyomera wokonda mopepuka, pachifukwa ichi, malo omwe kubzala kwake amayenera kusankhidwa yoyatsidwa bwino, koma zokongoletsa ziyenera kupewedwa. Dothi lachikhalidwe liyenera kusankhidwa mopepuka ndi ngalande zabwino.
Mbewu poyera ikabzalidwe ngati njira yokomera, ndi mbewu. Kuti mukule mbande, muyenera kutenga chidebe ndi nthaka yachonde ndikubzala mbewu mu February, kuzikulitsa pang'ono m'nthaka ndikunyowetsa nthaka ndi botolo lothira. Pamwambapa mbewuyo imayenera kuwazidwa ndi mchenga wokazika, kenako ndikukhwimitsidwanso, kuphimba ndi filimu komanso kuyeretsa pamalo otentha omwe dzuwa limamera.
Pakupita milungu iwiri, mbewu zoyamba ziwoneka. Kuti penseton imere mwachangu, kutentha m'malo obiriwira azikhala osachepera + 20, okwanira kamodzi patsiku ndikuwunika chinyezi.
Masamba oyamba atawonekera, nyama zazing'ono zimayenera kubzalidwe m'miphika ya peat. Pamapeto pa Meyi, mbewu zimayenera kusamutsidwira padera, kusamalira dothi ndi kutulutsiratu madzi pasadakhale. Ndikofunikanso kuganizira kuti posachedwa mbewu zikafesedwa pamunda, pambuyo pake zimayamba kuphuka.
Torenia ndi woimira banja la Norichen. Amakula mukamachoka pakhomo popanda zovuta, ngati mumatsatira malamulo aukadaulo azaulimi. Mutha kupeza malingaliro onse ofunikira m'nkhaniyi.
Kuthirira kwa Penstemon
Maluwa amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse, ndikofunikira kwambiri ngati dzinja lili louma. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti dothi liri ndi nthawi youma pakati pa ulimi wothirira.
Kuti madzi asasunthike komanso mizu yake "imatha kupuma", mukabzala nyama zazing'ono, chisamaliro chikuyenera kuthandizidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mchenga wabwino kapena dongo labwino lokwaliridwa pansi lili pansi.
Kuti muchepetse kuthirira, mulch dothi lozungulira mbewuzo ndi kompositi kapena youma peat. Komanso, tikathirira chilichonse, dziko lapansi limafunikira kumasulidwa komanso namsongole kuti likhadzulidwe.
Choyambira
Dothi lachikhalidwe liyenera kusankhidwa ndi acidity yayikulu, yopatsa thanzi, yoyatsidwa bwino komanso yotayirira.
Pachifukwa ichi, dothi la m'munda limasakanizidwa ndi kompositi, peat, mchenga kapena miyala yabwino. Pofuna kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa acidity, makala amawonjezedwa panthaka.
Kuphatikizika kwa penstemon
Kuti mbewuyo isataye zokongoletsera zake, ziyenera kuisinthidwa zaka zisanu zilizonse. Nthawi zambiri kuziika zimachitika mchaka, pobzala chitsamba. Pachifukwa ichi, amatenga chomera chachikulire, ndikuchikumba mosamala ndikuchigawa m'malo, kuyesera kuti chisawononge mizu.
Pambuyo pake, delenki yomwe idapeza imasinthidwa kumunda watsopano, osayiwala za kupanga ngalande. Zomera zikabzalidwa, dothi liyenera kupanikizidwa pang'ono, kuthiriridwa ndi kuphatikizidwa. Zomera zimatenga pafupifupi mwezi.
Fetereza wa Penstemon
Chakudya choyamba chimapangidwa ngati kompositi m'nthaka mutabzala nyama zazing'ono. Feteleza zachilengedwe zimayikidwa pansi pa tchire katatu pachaka.
Maluwa asanafike maluwa, akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta kwambiri ndi phosphorous yambiri. Ndi iyo, mutha kuwonjezera maluwa ndikusintha mawonekedwe okongoletsera a maluwa.
Penstemon pachimake
Nthawi yamaluwa ya mbewuyi imagwera mu June ndipo imatha kukhalapo mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, komanso mpaka chisanu choyamba. Chilichonse chimadalira mitundu. Maluwa pachikhalidwe chake amatha kuwoneka ngati mabelu kapena snapdragons.
Makamaka, masambawa amaphatikizidwa mumibulu yayikulu yoyera, yapinki, ya buluu, yofiyira, yofiirira, ya lalanje, yachikaso, ndipo pali mitundu yokhala ndi mitundu iwiri. Pambuyo maluwa, mbewu zimayamba kupanga, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa mbewuyo.
Kudulira kwa Penstemon
Chomera chimafuna kudulira kokhacho kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira pokonzekera dzinja.
Mukukula, ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba, zitsamba ndi inflorescence, komanso zitsamba zopyapyala.
Kukonzekera Penstemon nthawi yachisanu
Mitundu ina ya penstemon mdera lathu lanyengo imakulidwa ngati zipatso zosatha, chifukwa cha kumwera kwawo. Nthambi zokonzekera nyengo yozizira zimadulidwa pansi pa muzu ndipo zimakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza masamba owoneka bwino kapena nthambi za spruce.
Pofuna kuteteza chisanu kusungunuka mchaka kuti mizu isanyowe, mbewuyo imafunikira kupereka ngalande zabwino nthawi yobzala komanso kuchotsa chisanu chambiri pamalo obzala nthawi iliyonse kasupe ikayamba kusungunuka.
Kukula kwa Mbewu za Penstemon
Njira yodziwika kwambiri yopezera mbadwa za mbewu ndi kukula kwa mbeu. Mbewu zitha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsira kapena kusonkhanitsa palokha atacha.
Ngati mukumera mbewu, ndiye kuti iyenera kubzalidwa nthawi ya kugwa kapena yophukira, pomwe chisanu chikutha. Bzalani mbeu pansipo, ndikuwaza ndi dothi laling'ono.
Mitundu ina imafunikira kupindika, monga Alpine penstemon. Kuti muchite izi, zitha kufesedwa chisanachitike, mu Okutobala-Novembala, poyera, koma ndizodalirika kufesa mu chidebe, chosakidwa ndi mchenga kapena dothi pamwamba.
Chidebe chokhala ndi njere zofesedwa chimasungidwa kwa pafupifupi milungu itatu chipinda chofunda, nthimbizo zimadzala ndi dothi lonyowa komanso kutentha. Kenako amaphimba ndi chotengera chimodzi cha lutrasil ndikuchichotsa kumunda.
Lithrasil pachidebe iyenera kukhazikika mwanjira iliyonse yabwino, mwachitsanzo, imamangidwa mozungulira mumphikawo ndi gulu la zotanulira, apo ayi idzaphulitsidwa - pobisalira iyi imachitika kuti mbewu za udzu zisalowe mumtsuko ndi mbewu zofesedwa ndi mphepo.
Chidebe chimasiyidwa m'mundayo kwa miyezi iwiri, pomwe nthawi yozizira imayamba kuyanjana. Ngati pali chipale chofewa pansi, chidebe chomwe chimachotsedwa chimakutidwa ndi chilichonse - kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa kumathandizanso kumera.
Chapakatikati, mbale ya mbewu imabweretsedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena chipinda chomera. Mphukira zoyambirira zitha kuwoneka masiku khumi. Zina mwa mbewu zimaphuka chaka choyamba cha kufesa.
Kufalitsa kwa Penstemon ndi odulidwa
Kuti mupeze zakuthupi, dulani mphukira zomwe mulibe maluwa. Kenako amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi chosangalatsa cha mapangidwe a muzu ndikuyikika pamalo onyowa pakama, ndikuphimba theka la botolo la pulasitiki.
Mizu ikapangidwa, zodulidwa zimabzalidwe pamalo okhazikika pomwe zimakula.
Kufalitsa kwa Penstemon mwa kuyala
Mitundu yoluka ndi yosasanjika ndioyenera kuzika mizu pomata. Pachifukwa ichi, mphukira yozama iyenera kugwada pansi ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi.
Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mizu imadzakhala yolimba kenako imayenera kupatulidwa, kukumba pansi ndikuzikhomera kudzenje lomwe lakonzedwa.
Kufalitsa kwa Penstemon pogawa chitsamba
Njira yobala imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poika zina. Kuti munthu abzala, mbewu yayikulu imafunika kukuchunidwa, ndipo mizu imayeretsedwa dothi ndi chitsamba kugawidwa mbali zingapo. Kenako gawo lirilonse libzalidwe pobowola mosabisalira pa malo okukula.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mbewu zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi zaka zitatu zokha ndizoyenera kufalikira pongobzala mitengo. Mukagawa koyambirira, adzafa.
Gawoli pofuna kukonzanso zinthu kumachitika zaka zisanu zilizonse. Simuyenera kukana njirayi, chifukwa chikhalidwe chimayamba kukalamba, chimaleka kupanga mphukira zatsopano, pachimake, ndipo chifukwa chake chimataya kukongoletsa.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Nthawi zambiri, akamakula mbewuyi, wamaluwa amakumana kuyanika nsonga za penstemon. Ngati vuto lotere lapezeka, dulani cholembera pansi pamizu. Kulephera kuchitapo kanthu mwanjira imeneyi kudzatsogolera pakufa kwa mbewu. Pambuyo pokonza, imachira msanga ndikutulutsa mphukira zatsopano.
Ndi kusefukira kwamphamvu kwa dothi komanso madzi osunthika mumizu, imvi imayamba, yomwe imadzipangitsa kumera ngati chomera. Kupulumutsa penstemon, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi ndikuthirira chikhalidwe ndi yankho la fungicide.
Popeza chomera sichosangalatsa kwa tizirombo, kukoka kwawo sikungachite mantha.
Pomaliza
Kukula chomera sikovuta. Ngakhale woyambitsa wamasamba akhoza kuthana ndi ntchitoyi. Chikhalidwe ndichabwino pang'ono, ndikosavuta kufalitsa ndipo chimatha kukula bwino mdera lathu lanyengo.
Ndi chifukwa chake kuti wolima dimba aliyense amene amakonda mbewu zokongola, zowala komanso zachilendo amangokakamizidwa kuti azikhala ndi cholembera m'munda mwake.
