M'mundamo, osati zitsamba ndi mitengo wamba zomwe zimabzalidwe, komanso zosowa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo quince yaku Japan. Dzina lina ndi Henomeles. Kwawo mbewuyo ndi Japan. Imapezekanso ku China ndi Korea, ngakhale mitundu yamtchire yokha. Komanso, mtengowo wabzalidwa m'minda ya Ukraine ndi Russia. Quince amakonda kukula m'madambo, malo otsetsereka a mapiri (mpaka 1.4 makilomita pamwamba pa nyanja), m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, kuchotseredwa ndi kuchotseredwa. Itha kupezeka m'malo otetezeka m'mphepete mwa madzi.
Quince achi Japan: chithunzi ndi kufotokoza kwa chitsamba
Mtengowo ndi mtengo wotsika kapena chitsamba chofunda chomwe chimatalika mpaka atatu mita ndikukhala pafupifupi zaka 60-80. Zina mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za quince ndiz:
- Nthambi. Pokhala kuti amakhala ndi zonunkhira komanso kupakidwa utoto wamtambo wobiriwira, patapita kanthawi, akamakula, amapeza mtundu wa bulauni. Nthawi imodzimodzi, kuzindikira kwawo kumakhala kutayika. Mtundu wakuda wa impso. Makungwa ndi owonda, opindika, opaka utoto wakuda kapena wa bulauni. Pa nthambi za petiole pali masamba ofiira, amasentimita 5 omwe ali ndi masamba osalala.
- Maluwa ali ndi mawonekedwe a obovate mawonekedwe a ofiira ofiira, omwe mainchesi ake amafikira 4 cm.
- Chipatsocho ndi apulosi wabodza, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi peyala kapena apulo pafupifupi 4 cm, wokutidwa ndi khungu pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Za zamkati, ndizovuta, zotsekemera, zopatsa chidwi.
Kubwereza kwamankhwala
Zipatso za Quince zimakhala ndi nkhokwe yosungirako zinthu zina zofunika m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, mavitamini C mwa iwo ali pafupifupi 100-150 mg, kupatula apo, mavitamini E, B1, PP, A, B2, K, B6, ma asidi achilengedwe osiyanasiyana (citric, malic, tartronic), mafuta acids, mapuloteni, dzuwa, fructose, tannins adapezeka zinthu, ethyl esters, antioxidants, glucose, pectins, mchere m'magawo monga calcium, boron, iron, phosphorous, mkuwa, zinki, pectins, silicon.
Mbewu za Quince zimakhala ndi: amygdalin glycoside, wowuma, glycerides wa myristic ndi isoleic acid, ntchofu, tannins, kuphatikizapo tannin.
Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Palibe mavuto kukula quince. Kuti mutukule bwino ndikukula bwino, muyenera kutsatira zonse zofunika.
Koyambira
Zitsamba za Quince zimakonda kuyatsa bwino, kotero muyenera kusankha malo owunikira patsamba lanu. Mwakutero, mbewuyo imamera bwino pamthunzi, koma simupeza zipatso zake.
Samalani kwambiri mukadzala ndikusamalira quince achijapani okhala m'mabwalo. Mwa mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo, yambiri nthawi yachisanu bwino popanda kutentha. Koma ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, mbewu zam pachaka zimatha kuzizira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mitengo m'malo omwe nthawi zambiri chipale chofewa chimagwa. Ndipo ngati nyengo yozizira ndiyomwe imakhalapo, zitsamba zimaphimba ndi spruce nthawi yachisanu.
Dothi
Henomeles akumva bwino kwambiri panthaka iliyonse. Makonda ndi dongo losaphika ndi mchenga wosauka. Koma ayenera kuthira manyowa ndi manyowa. Dothi la saline ndi miyala yamiyala ndizosavomerezeka mwapadera.
Tikufika
Kubzala, mchenga, dothi la pepala ndi peat kusakanikirana ndi chiyerekezo cha 1: 2: 2. Kuphatikiza apo, feteleza amawonjezeredwa dzenje: superphosphate (0,2 kg), zidebe za 1-2 za humus (zidebe za 1-2), potaziyamu nitrate (0,3 kg), phulusa (0,5 kg).
A bushishi a Quince amabzala makope 3-5 mu gulu limodzi. Zomera zazikulu zimakhala kutali kwambiri ndi mita, kuti mbewuzo zimakula bwino.
Achinyamata amakula bwino kwambiri pansi ndikubwera masika, nthaka itayamba. Ndikotheka kubzala quinces ku Japan yophukira panthawi yakugwa masamba kwambiri. Koma izi zili ndi vuto loti mbewuyo ilibe nthawi yokwanira kuzika mizu isanayambe chisanu ndipo idzafa.
Konzani mtengo kuti muzu wake ukhale kuti utuluke ndi dothi. Ngati mbewuyo ndi wamkulu kale, wazaka 3-5, kwa iwo muyenera kukumba dzenje ndi 0.5-0.8 m kuya ndi 0.5 m mulifupi.
Kuswana
Quince yaku Japan ikhoza kufalitsidwa m'njira zingapo.
Mbewu
Kuchokera pazipse zakupsa, pachimake chimachotsedwa ndipo mbewu zimatulutsidwa. Bzalani iwo nthawi yomweyo pansi. Kumera kwa mbeu ndi kwabwino kwambiri.
Ngati kufesa sikumalizidwa nyengo yozizira isanachitike, mbewuzo zimatumizidwa kuti ziyankhidwe: zimasungidwa kwa miyezi itatu mumchenga wonyowa pa + 3 + 5ºะก. Zikaswa, njere zimabzalidwa.
Kudula
Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, m'mawa kwambiri, pomwe sikutentha kwambiri komanso kowuma, odulidwa obiriwira amadulidwa kuti akhale ndi mfundo ziwiri. Zingakhale bwino ngati mutadula phesi ndi "chidendene" mpaka 1 cm. Ikani zodulidwazo mu zokupatsani mphamvu (mwachitsanzo, yankho la 0,01% la indolylbutyric acid) kwa tsiku limodzi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "Kornevin." Zakonzedwazo zimabzalidwa gawo lapansi (peat ndi mchenga, 1: 3) malinga ndi pulani 7 * 5 cm yokonzedwa mosakonzekera.
Zigawo zamizu
Quince imapereka mizere yambiri. Kuti mupeze, muyenera kukumba chomera ndikulekanitsa magawo 0,5 masentimita ndi kutalika kwa 10-15 cm. Nthawi yomweyo onetsetsani kuti mizu yake idakhazikitsidwa bwino.
Kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi, mutha "kupeza" zosagawika zopitilira 6.
Zotsatira zake zimabzalidwa vertically ndikusamaliridwa, kusunga chinyezi cha gawo lapansi ndi kuthirira. Pambuyo mulching ikuchitika ndi nkhuni tchipisi, humus, kugundana.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Kwa quince aku Japan, vuto lalikulu ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, mbewu zikaonekera, zitha kufa. Mukangoona zizindikiro zoyambirira za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, muyenera kupereka mankhwala mwachangu ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira komanso yonyowa, yokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, mitengo imatha kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana oyamba ndi fungus. Mwachitsanzo, zitha kukhala:
- cercosporosis, yomwe imadziwika ndi maonekedwe a bulauni, kutembenuka ndi nthawi;
- kuwona masamba ndi necrosis, zomwe zimayambitsa kuyanika ndi kuwonongeka kwa masamba;
- ramulariosis, chizindikiro chake chomwe ndi kupanga mawanga a bulauni pamasamba.
Mavuto atha kuthana nawo pochiza mbewu ndi sopo-mkuwa ndi 0.2% baseazole. Ngati mukuopa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena osazindikira, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi (015 makilogalamu a anyezi mankhwalawa kutsanulira 10 malita a madzi ndikuumiriza tsiku), lomwe liyenera kuthiridwa kangapo ndi tchire pafupipafupi masiku 5.
Kukolola kotsekemera
Quince amadziwika ngati chomera chamafuta, osati zipatso zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso masamba ndi mbewu.
Wamaluwa wa Novice ali ndi nkhawa kuti adzakolola liti zipatso za Japan quince. Zipatso zimakololedwa mu kugwa mpaka chisanu choyamba. Kenako, zipatso zilizonse zimakulungidwa bwino pepala, ndikuziyika mu bokosi la mpweya wabwino ndipo zimasungidwa m'malo ozizira (6-10 ° C), yopanda kuwala. Munthawi imeneyi, mutha kusunga zipatso zosapsa mpaka February. Ngati maapulo ochepa amatha kuikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika mufiriji. Zitha kusungidwa kumeneko mpaka miyezi itatu.
Masamba a Quince amakolola pomwe chomerachi chikadaphukira. Imayikidwa pa pepala lophika ndikuwumitsa pamthunzi kapena chowumitsa pa madigiri 40, kusinthidwa kumakolo otsekedwa mwamphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito monga momwe anafunira.
Ngati mukusowa mbewu, ndiye kuti zimatulutsa zipatso zosapsa, zouma pa 40-50 ° C. Kenako amasamutsidwira mumtsuko wokhala ndi chivindikiro chotseka bwino ndikusungidwa osaposa chaka.
Ndi kubzala moyenera komanso kusamalira a quince a Japan (henomeles), chitsamba sichingakusangalatsani ndi maluwa okongola, ndipo kukolola kwabwino, komanso kuthandiza thanzi lanu.
