Mitundu ya Camellia imaphatikizapo mitundu 80 yazomera za banja la tiyi. Kukhazikika kwawo ndi malo otentha ndi madera akum'mawa ndi Asia Southeast. Maluwa amatchedwa dzina lake Kamelius, amene adabweretsa ku Europe.
Zomera za Camellia ndi mitengo kapena tchire lokhala ndi masamba owonda, opezeka okha kapena awiriawiri. Maluwa omwe amawombedwa ndi miyendo yambiri amakhala ofiira, oyera, komanso ofiira, ndipo palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Oimira ena amtunduwu adakulidwa kuti azikongoletsa, chifukwa cha masamba ndi maluwa okongola.
Mukamatsatira malamulo onse osamalira camellia, imatha kubereka zipatso, koma chifukwa cha zolakwa posamalira, mmera nthawi zambiri sukula zomwe ungakhale.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Camellia phiri kapena sansakva (Miyagi, tagmentoza) adabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Japan. Ndi shrub yokhala ndi nthambi zoonda zokutidwa ndi ofiira pansi, imafika mita isanu. Zomera zowaza, zokhala ndi phokoso. Ma inflorescence ndi osavuta, akukula mpaka 7 cm. Limamasula nthawi yozizira.
Camellia Wachichaina kapena ma synensis (Bohea, teahouse) kapena tchire la tiyi. Uku ndikuwona kwakuthengo, kukafika mita 15 kutalika. Masamba ndiwotalikirapo, ozungulira, okongola, wobiriwira. Ma inflorescence ndi axillary, oyera mu utoto.
Camellia waku Japan kuthengo, mtengowu umafikanso mochititsa chidwi mamitimita 15. Udzu umalowedwa, umaso, utoto, wobiriwira, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyananso imawuma. Maluwa siakulu kwambiri, osavuta, awiri kapena awiri. Limamasula nthawi yozizira komanso koyambirira kwamasika.
Ponena za mitundu, zotsatirazi ndizodziwika:
- Camellia Alba Simplex,
- Camellia Pink ungwiro,
- Camellia Japan Isitala Morn,
- Camellia Debbie,
- Camellia Imbani California,
- Msungwana Wamaloto a Camellia.
Kusamalira kunyumba kwa Camellia
Mukamasamalira camellia kunyumba, muyenera kutsatira malamulo osamalira.
Camellia amakonda kuwala kosunthika kowala, choncho ndibwino kuyiyika pazenera lakumadzulo kapena lakumawa. Kumbali yakumwera, duwa lidzavutika ndi kuwala kowonjezereka ndipo lidzafunika kutetezedwa kuchokera ku cheza chachindunji, ndipo kumbali yakumpoto ya camellia padzakhala kusowa kwa banal.
Kuti muchepetse kukula, muyenera kutembenuza chomeracho nthawi ndi nthawi, koma musachite izi masamba atayamba kuwonekera - chifukwa cha izi, adzagwa.
Munthawi yachilimwe, camellia ndi lingaliro labwino kusamutsa kumunda kapena khonde, koma kuyikidwa kuti dzuwa lisawalire mwachindunji.
Mu nthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe, kutentha kwa mpweya kuti pakhale maluwa abwino azikhala pafupifupi madigiri 20-25. Kuti masamba ayambe kuwoneka, amafunika kuchepetsedwa mpaka madigiri 18, ndipo akamayenda nthawi yozizira, thermometer sayenera kupitirira +12. Ngati kwatentha kwambiri, ndiye kuti duwa limatha kutaya masamba.
Komanso, duwa silimakonda kuwinduka kwa mpweya, motero ndikofunikira kuti chipindacho ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kuthirira camellias
Maluwawa sakonda chinyezi chowonjezera - amafunika madzi ambiri, koma kuthirira kuyenera kukhala yunifolomu ndikuchitika pamene pamwamba pamtunda pakuuma. Ndikofunikira kuthirira ndi madzi okhazikika, makamaka mvula, kuti ikhale yofewa.
M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kocheperako, apo ayi acidization nthaka ingachitike. Izi zitha kuzindikirika ngati masamba atuwauka ndipo masamba aguluka. Ngati masamba ayamba kugwa, ndiye kuti kuthirira mwina kunali kosakwanira.
Insellor camellia imakonda chinyezi chambiri, motero m`pofunika kuyika muli ndi chomeracho chinyalala ndi pepala lonyowa, komanso kupopera masamba. Pukutira pakati pa maluwa, osaloleza madzi kuti afike pa inflorescence.
Feteleza ndi kudulira camellias
Manyowa kunyumba Camellia tsiku lililonse 20 masiku chaka chonse. Gwiritsani ntchito kuvala pamwamba paminayi.
Kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa impso, mmera umafunika kudulira. Izi ntchito ikuchitika kumapeto kwa tsamba kugwa.
Kupatsira Camellia
Maluwa achichepere amafesedwa chaka chilichonse. Kwa mbewu zakale, njirayi imachitika kamodzi zaka zingapo.
Opaleshoniyo iyenera kuchitidwa kasupe, limodzi ndi kukhomekera mphukira, kuti nthambi zikule bwino. Dothi limasankhidwa acidic - pafupifupi 5 pH, komanso litha kumera mu nthaka yokhala ndi acidity pansipa 4.
Mutha kugula dothi, kapena mutha kudzipanga nokha posakaniza peat, tsamba ndi turf nthaka ndi mchenga mulingo wa 2: 2: 1: 1. Musaiwale kupanga zosanja zabwino zotchingira mumphika.
Mbewu ya Camellia
Mbewu zofesedwa mumiphika yaying'ono 5 masentimita, chimodzi chidebe. Ndikapangidwa ndi masamba enieni, mbande zimakhazikika m'miphika yayikulu. Akadakulabe, kupatsirana kuzinthu zazikulu kumachitidwanso. Kumbukirani kuti mukamakulitsa mbewu, mitundu yamitundu ya chomera nthawi zambiri imatayika, ndipo kuti muwasunge muyenera kutengera zodulira.
Kufalitsa kwa Camellia ndi odulidwa
Pofalitsa ndi odulidwa, zinthu 7 cm zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe sizinapatsidwe ulemu. Ndondomeko amachitika pakati chilimwe kapena dzinja. Zidutswa zokhala ndi masamba 3-5 zimabzalidwa mumipanda ndi mchenga wothira peat. Kutentha kwakula kuyenera kukhala kozungulira 22 degrees. M'nyengo yotentha, mizu imayamba mu miyezi iwiri, nthawi yozizira pang'ono.
Musaiwale kuthirira ma cutowo ndikuwapopera nthawi ndi nthawi. Zithandizo zoyenera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pothamangitsa mapangidwe anu. Ndikapangidwa ndi mizu, mbewu zazing'onozi amazika mu miphika yayikulu ndikusamalidwa ngati mbewu zachikulire.
Kubalana wa camellia katemera
Ngati mitundu yosakhazikika bwino, ingafalitsidwe mwa kumalumikiza. Izi zimachitika pakati pa dzinja. Katemera akuchitika ndi impical impical.
Zimamera pakatha miyezi iwiri. Duwa laling'ono liyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino, chifukwa ndilovunda kwambiri.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ngati muphwanya malamulo osamalira camellia, mavuto osiyanasiyana amatha kuchitika nawo.
- Mphukira zikagwa, ndiye kuti zikuwonetsa chinyezi chochulukirapo, chomwe chidayambitsa acidization wa dothi, kapena munasuntha mbewuyi popanga mapangidwe ake.
- Maonekedwe a mawanga pa masamba, nthawi zambiri, amawonetsa kuyaka. Kuti izi zisachitike, duwa liyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa.
- Ndikusowa chinyontho, masamba a camellia amawuma.
- Ndi chinyezi chotsika kwambiri, dothi losayenera kapena kusowa kwa kuwala, komanso ngati duwa limakhala lotentha, mbewuyo imangofa.
Tizilombo tambiri ta camellia ndi nthata ya akangaude, yomwe imadzipangitsa kumverera m'mabokosi masamba. Amalimbana nayo, nthawi zambiri ndi acaricides.
