Mpweya wabwino kwambiri umatchedwa herbaceous yokongola mbewu yozizira panthaka. Pakakulitsa maluwa osatha, mitundu ina ya mbewu imafunabe pobzala nyengo yachisanu isanayambe. Komanso, posamalira perennials, ndikofunikira kuwona zofunikira zina pakufunika kwa kuwala, chinyezi ndi nthaka. Pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ofunikira, mutha kusintha munda wanu kukhala maluwa okongola.
Mukabzala ndikusamalira maluwa osatha, zinthu zitatu zofunika kuziwona.
1. Mthunzi ndi wosiyana.
2. Madzi, koma osasefukira.
3. Nthaka "Native" pachomera chilichonse.
Zachilengedwe ndizosiyanasiyana kotero kuti mmenemo mutha kupeza mitundu yachilendo kwambiri yazomera zodabwitsa. Ntchito ya wokonza dimba wabwino, kutengera momwe zinthu zachilengedwe zimagwirira ntchito, kuti asankhe mitundu yayikuluyawo yazokha. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa zamakhalidwe azomera zomwe zalimidwa ndi lamulo loyamba la wokonza munda.
Zakhala zikudziwika kale kuti moyo wa chomera umatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zisanu zachilengedwe: kuwala, kutentha, madzi, chakudya, ndi mpweya wa nthaka.
Choyambirira chomwe wokonza dimba amasamalira mukamakula zipatso zosankhira nthawi yayitali ndikusankhidwa kwa mbewu zolimba nthawi yozizira zomwe sizikufunika malo apadera nthawi yozizira.
Wowoneka bwino kwambiri, koma, mwatsoka, mbewu za thermophilic, dahlias ndi gladioluses, wolima mundawo amakakamizidwa kukumba ndi kusunga malo otentha kumapeto.
Zomera zina zimakula pokhapokha ngati nyakulimira atawapangira zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, alpine edelweiss - mtundu wa chizindikiro cha mapiri a Alps - amakula bwino m'madambo, koma kokha pamiyala yamatope; Perovskia imafuna mchenga wamphamvu. Goniolimon amakonda malo amiyala. Ndipo mosiyana ndi iye, Jeffersonia ndi tsamba la fern amakula bwino mumtambo wakuya. Zidole zitatu zimafunikira mthunzi wakuya komanso dothi la nkhalango.
Chisamaliro chazaka: kupepuka ndi kutentha
Zomera ndi ana a dzuwa. Mphamvu za dzuwa zokha, mphamvu zawo, zimalola mbewu kukhalapo. Komabe, pali mitundu, nthawi zambiri yamitengo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imamera ndipo imaphukira kwambiri. Ndiye kuti, zachilengedwe ndizosiyanasiyana kotero kuti mutha kupeza chilichonse chosangalatsa kwa wolima dimba. Poyerekeza ndi kuwala, magulu atatu azomera amasiyanitsidwa.
Mukamasamalira maluwa osatha, kumbukirani kuti mbewu za zithunzi sizilekerera ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono. Monga lamulo, awa ndi anthu okhala m'zipululu, ma steppes (tulips, irises, etc.), meadows (mpendadzuwa, geraniums, ruffles) ndi miyala (stonecrops, saxifrages, etc.).
Mthunzi-wololera umatha kumera padzuwa komanso pang'ono pang'ono. Adabwera m'minda yathu kuchokera ku nkhalango zachilendo, kuchokera kumayendedwe amtchire ndi maukonde (maluwa, ma phlox, daylilies, etc.).
Mithunzi yamanyazi imadzimva zowawa pakuwala. Awa ndi anthu okhala m'nkhalango zotsekedwa za oak komanso nkhalango zowuma osamva (ziboda, zogulidwa, anemones, miliri itatu, zina zambiri, etc.).
Ngakhale kuchokera pagawoli loyandikira kwambiri, titha kuwona kuti mbewu zonse zokhala ndi mthunzi komanso zachikondi zimatha kumera. Koma mthunziwo ndi wosiyana.
Mthunzi wowonda, wowuma mumunda wamba umachitika pansi pa mitengo yakale, yomwe nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa mitengo; chakumpoto chakumpoto, tchire zazikulu monga ma chokeberry bush, ma lilacs aku Hungary, chipale chofewa, mitengo ya hawthorn ndi mitengo yotentha; mbali ya kumpoto kwa nyumba zazitali, komwe maonekedwe owala a dzuwa samalowa. M'malo oterowo osati kuwala pang'ono chabe, komanso mawonekedwe ochepa a microclimate amapangidwa, ndiye kuti, nthawi yotentha kumakhala madontho ochepa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, chinyezi chambiri chambiri poyerekeza ndi madera. Ndipo nthawi yozizira kumakhala chisanu chochulukirapo ndipo chimasungunuka pang'onopang'ono. Ndi malo awa omwe amakomera kukula ndi maluwa a mbewu zoterezi.
Mthunzi wowala umakhala pansi pa mitengo ndipo ili ndi korona yachilendo, yotseguka, monga phulusa lamapiri, nyanja yamchere, ndi chitumbuwa. Ndizosangalatsa kuyang'ana zitsamba zopanda mafuta zomwe sizimatulutsa magazi (tulips, hazel grouse, daffodils, muscari, crocuses),--rhizome doronikums (oriental doronicum, plantain doronicum), chivundikiro chautali chokhazikika: kasupe omphalodez, periwinkle, shrub ya anemone, ndi shrub ya anemone. Pa dothi lonyowa, losalala, nthawi zonse - nthawi ya masika nthawi yamaluwa, komanso nthawi yotentha, masamba akuluakulu atakula, Kamchatka lisichiton ndi yodabwitsa komanso yosangalatsa. Koma chinthu chodziwika kwambiri, chosavutitsa konse ndi nkhalango yamaluwa kukuiwalayiwala.
Zochititsa chidwi pamthunzi wopepuka wa maluwa (makamaka mitundu), phlox wamantha, geranium wofiira wamagazi, kutentha kwa ozhikovy.
Rogers imatha kukhala chowonekera pamabedi az maluwa pamthunzi wowala, komanso kuchokera kumtunda wamtali - kampu ya elecampane yokongola komanso meadowsweet Kamchatka. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndikofunikira kukongoletsa mundawo ndi zomera zodabwitsa ngati nthiwatiwa ndi onoklea. Penumbra imachitika m'malo omwe ali kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa nyumbayo komanso m'mbali mwa nkhalangoyi. Pano, kuwala kwa dzuwa kumagwera pamalowo mwina m'mawa (zomwe zimakondweretsa kwambiri), kapena masana. Mikhalidwe ya Microclimatic pamthunzi wowala ndi pang'ono pamitundu sizimasiyana kwenikweni ndi malo omwe ali poyera, komabe kutentha kwamasiku onse kumatha. Mwinanso, pazomera zambiri zamaluwa, makamaka zolocha mchenga, pamtundu wokhazikika momwe malo abwino amapangidwira: astilbe, maluwa ndi phlox, lyatris, primroses ndi daisies, makamu ndi aquilegia, dicenters, daylilies ndi swimsuits - iyi ndi mndandanda wosakwanira wa mbewu zomwe zimamera bwino pamitundu. Zosadziwika pang'ono, koma zokhazikika muzikhalidwe zathu zanyengo ndizosangalatsanso - cuff ndiwofewa, malo ndiwofalikira kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, mthunzi suyenera kukhala wovuta kwambiri pazomera zamaluwa, muyenera kungoganiza bwino ndikusankha mtundu wawo molondola.
Zomera, osati kuchuluka kwa zinthu zowunikira, komanso kuchuluka kwa maola amdima ndi masana (photoperiodism). Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi, agawika m'magulu atatu:
- Zomera zazifupi (chrysanthemums, zitsamba ndi aster wa ku Italiya) zimachokera ku zigawo zakumwera, chifukwa chake, zimamasula kugwa patsiku lalifupi;
- Zomera za tsiku lalitali, dziko lakwawo lomwe ndi kumpoto;
- Osalowerera - ambiri a iwo achokera kunkhalango.
Kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi dothi pa nthawi yosamalidwa ndi kulima masamba osatha kumathandiza kwambiri pa moyo wa chomera, popeza njira za metabolic zimachitika pokhapokha pamtunda wina.
Kupanga ma mesophytes, xerophytes, hydrophytes ndi hygrophytes
Madzi amatenga gawo labwino m'moyo wa zomera, chifukwa ndi madzi 90%. Malinga ndi kufunikira kwa madzi, mbewu zimagawidwa m'magulu akulu anayi. Hydrophytes, kapena mbewu zam'madzi, zimamera m'madzi okha. Ma hygrophytes, kapena chomera chokhala chinyontho, chimafunikira chinyezi chambiri m'dothi - awa ndi mitundu yamiyala, m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi. Maganizo a magulu osiyanasiyana amasiyana bwino. Chifukwa chake, pamtundu wa hygrophilous komanso wofatsa, tsamba lamasamba limakhala loonda, lopanda pubescence; mizu yake ndi yapamwamba, yochulukirapo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma rhizomes kapena ma stolon (anemones, tiara, zelenchuk, etc.).
Modgrores hygrophilous (mesophytes) - Zomera za Habitat zokhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira pamtunda, zimaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri yomwe imamera m'nkhalango, mapiri ndi mtunda wamtunda. Mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yomwe imakula bwino m'mabedi a maluwa m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia ndi gulu la mesophytes, i.e. amadziwika ndi kufunika konyowa.
Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chabwinobwino, ndiko kuti, ndi zomera zamitengo ndi mitengo. Amasiyana mitundu yamizu: m'mbuyomu, mizu yake ndi yopanda mphamvu, yopanda mphamvu; chachiwiri - champhamvu, chakuya. Masamba amakhala osiyanasiyana, koma, monga lamulo, ndi owonda, obiriwira, opanda pubescence. Pali mitundu yambiri yosinthira, onse ku hygrophytes ndi xerophytes. Chifukwa chake, tulips panthawi yamasamba ndi maluwa amafunika chinyezi chabwino, koma osalekerera chinyezi chambiri kumapeto kwa nyengo yakula, makamaka nthawi yotentha. Ndipo pali zitsanzo zambiri zotere.
Suckers (xerophytes) ikhoza kukhala ndi masamba okongola (stonecrops, regrowth) kapena spiny (morin, bluehead), pubescent (chikwama chaubweya), chikopa (thyme) kapena yopapatiza, yolimba (nthenga za nthenga). Mizu yake imakonda kupita, ndodo (kachim, kermek) kapena foda (nthenga za nthenga). Gululi lili ndi mitundu yambiri yosinthira, ndiye mbewu zokhazo zomwe zimalola chilala zomwe zalembedwa pamndandanda womwe uli pansipa. Chitsanzo cha mbewu zololera chilala ndi mitundu yomwe imadziwika kuti "tumbleweed" (goniolimon, katran, kachim, kermek).
Mukamakula perennials, kumbukirani kuti ma xerophytes, kapena owuma, amakonda malo owuma, sangathe kulekerera chinyezi, amafunika dothi lowala bwino, chifukwa amabwera pachikhalidwechi kuchokera kumadambo, mapiri, ndi miyala yowuma. Mitundu yosintha imasiyananso: hygromesophytes, xeromesophytes, etc.
Zomera zam'madzi (ma hydrophytes). Zomera zambiri zam'madzi zophatikizidwa ndi dothi zimakhala ndi mizu yolimba (kapu ya mazira, kakombo wamadzi); muzomera zoyandama, mizu yake imakhala kuti siyinaphuke. Ambiri aiwo amabala makamaka mwakulima, kuphatikiza masamba a nthawi yozizira "turion", akugwera pansi mpaka kumapeto. Pambuyo pa mapangidwe awo, chomera cha mayi chimafa. Masamba osiyanasiyana amakhala amtundu wina pomwe masamba oyandama amasiyana kwambiri ndi omwe amizidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu butter buttercup - masamba apamwamba ali athunthu, ndipo amizidwa - amadulidwa m'ming'alu yaying'ono.
Malo abwino kwambiri azomera zam'madzi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi dziwe lachilengedwe lopezeka nthawi zonse ndi madzi ochokera mumtsinje kapena kasupe. Koma gwiritsani ntchito matawuni am'madzi. Mu mbiya (mbiya ziyenera kukhala ndi lamba ndi nsalu yopanda madzi), zikho, zomangira zadothi zimabzala mbewu zam'madzi zomwe zimakongoletsa munda wanu chilimwe chonse.
Zomera zokonda manyowa (ma hygrophytes). Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka (m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi, mitsinje, mitsinje, ndi zina).
Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mizu yowonda, yopanga ndi masamba, masamba akulu ofewa, pakati pawo pali mbewu zazitali.
Dothi lodzala ndi kusamalira maluwa osatha
Pakakulitsa maluwa osatha mdziko muno, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikutsatira zosowa zawo ndi malo obzala. Palibe wolima dimba padera yemwe angasinthe kutalika kwa tsikulo, nyengo yamphamvu ya kutentha ndi chinyezi. Koma pali chinthu china chofunikira mu moyo wa chomera chomwe chitha kufikika pamalamulo - izi ndi nthaka. Dothi limawunika makamaka ndi zinthu ziwiri:
Fizikiki dothi: kachulukidwe, kukongola komanso kapangidwe kake (dongo, loam, mchenga)
Umagwirira dothi: kukhalapo kwa zinthu zofunikira pazakudya chomera - phosphorous, nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi kufufuza zinthu; mchere ndi acidity ya nthaka.
Kuphatikizika kwa nthaka kwadothi kumasinthidwa ndi kuthira feteleza ndi laimu; mwakuthupi - powonjezera mchenga, humus, peat. Lingaliro la "dothi la m'munda" limatanthawuza chizindikiro chowongolera, ndiye kuti, ndi nthaka yosaloleka m'mbali. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'chilengedwe, chomwe chimazindikira ntchito zofunikira zam'mera, ndi momwe nthaka ikuyendera panthaka. Chizindikiro ichi chimatsimikizika. Wotulutsa mchenga, dothi lonyowa nthawi zonse limapangidwa ndi mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mizu ya mbewu ikhale ndi michere moyenera. Pali mpweya wochepa mumtunda wophatikizidwa, makamaka wophatikizidwa, njira za anaerobic (mwachitsanzo, wopanda mpweya), microflora yoyipa imayamba, ndipo ntchito ya mizu yodyetsa imalepheretsedwa. Pakati pa mbewu zobzalidwa, mitundu ya zipatso nthawi zambiri imamera bwino pamadothi okhala ndi dothi lambiri. Ambiri a iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mizu ya fibrous ndipo amakonda okonda chinyezi. Chizindikiro chofunikira chamtundu wa nthaka ndi acidity yake. Dothi limagawidwa acidic (pH yochepera 6); osatenga mbali (pH = 6-7) ndi zamchere (pH wamkulu kuposa 7).
Zomera zambiri zokongoletsera zimakula bwino pamadothi wamba. Koma zikhalidwe zingapo zimafunikira nyengo.
Chifukwa chake, ponena za acidity, mbewu zamtundu wa calciferous zimasiyanitsidwa ("wachikondi" laimu - pH 7-8). Koma mbewu zingapo sizimagwiritsa ntchito limu yambiri chifukwa zimamera bwino pamadothi acidic.
Kuwerengera kwa mbeu kufalikira kwa dothi kumakhala kofunika kwambiri posankha iwo kuti akalimidwe m'matawuni. Amadziwika kuti nthaka yapansi pamizinda imakhala ndi mchere wambiri wowononga. Zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri m'nthaka zimatchedwa halophytes. Ndipo ngakhale mbewu zotere sizimalimidwa kawirikawiri, munthu amatha kudziwa mitundu yambiri yomwe nthawi zambiri imakula ndi mchere wambiri. Monga lamulo, awa ndi mbewu za mapiri, chipululu, nyanja zanyanja: asters (Chitaliyana, shrubby, New English, New Belgian), chimanga (steppe), goniolimon, goldenrod, irises (mitundu yotsika), katran, kachim, kermek, udzu wa nthenga, larchis, mertensia, fescue, stonecrops, chitsamba chowawa.
Dothi la m'nkhalango. Gulu linalake limapangidwa ndi mbeu zomwe zimamera bwino panthaka za m'nkhalango. Dothi lofanana la m'nkhalango limadziwika ndi chonde chambiri, chonde chochepa, sizowoneka bwino ndipo zimadziwika ndi zinthu zazing'onozing'ono. Zomera zamtchire sizimakonda feteleza, zonse organic (makamaka manyowa) ndi mchere. Amakhutira ndi dothi lachilengedwe, lopanda chonde, chinthu chachikulu nthawi yomweyo ndikusunga mitengo yabwino nyengo yophukira. Zinyalala zoterezi zimateteza dothi kuti lisazizidwe kwambiri, kuzizirana kwambiri, komanso kukokoloka kwa mphepo. Chapakatikati, kuwola, michere ndi michere ikalowa m'nthaka. Zinyalala zowoneka bwino, ngakhale sizoyenera, ndizotsata zinyalala, ndizoteteza dothi m'nkhalango: Munda wofunikira wa nthaka yopindulitsa ndi malo omwe mizu yambiri yazomera zamtchire ili. Kupereka kuteteza masamba akagwa pachaka, wokonza dimba atha kubzala mbewu zonse zomwe zikufunika m'nthaka.
Dothi lamiyala. Gulu lapadera limapangidwa ndi petrophytes, ndiye kuti, mbewu zomwe zimamera bwino pamiyala yamiyala, talus, ndi miyala. Ambiri a iwo amalumikizidwa ndi mapiri ndi komwe adachokera. Posachedwa, pokhudzana ndi kulengedwa kwakukulu kwa miyala yamiyala, minda yamiyala ndi malo ena ofanana, chidwi ndi mbewu zotere zidayamba. Kwenikweni, awa ndi mbewu zosagwira chilala zomwe zimapanga mapilo, soti, tchire limodzi. Dongosolo lamizu ndilofunikira, kulowa kwambiri pakati pa miyala (alyssum, gerbil, etc.), nthawi zambiri kumamera mizu (poppy poppy, primrose yokongola yamadzulo). Pakati pa petrophytes, ochulukirapo amapezeka (anyezi a Karatavsky, crocus, etc.).
Pansipa mutha kupeza zithunzi zodzala ndi kusamalira zanyengo m'munda:
Zambiri za maluwa ndi mbewu zamuyaya mdziko muno
Kwa anthu otanganidwa omwe alibe mwayi wopeza nthawi yayitali kusamalira mabedi amaluwa, timalimbikitsa kuti tizingolimitsa mbewu wamba, ndipo okonda maluwa angalimbikitse mitundu yazipatso zamaluwa, kuphatikizapo zikhalidwe zatsopano zomwe zimaletsedwa ndi botanists otsogola.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimakula ndikukula ndikuti simungathe kutsutsana ndi chilengedwe. Muyenera kubzala mbewu zokha zomwe zingakule bwino patsamba lanu, osati mitundu yokhayo yomwe mumakonda kapena yakunja. Kupatula apo, wokonza dimba aliyense amadziwa kuti mbewu zofooka, zodwala, zomwe sizikula bwino sizingakhale zokongola ndipo sizipanga "carpet" wabwino.
Zomera zambiri zamtchire zimatha kusamutsidwira kumtunda, koma nthawi yomweyo muyenera kutsatira malamulo omwe sangawononge chilengedwe.
1. Osamakumba mbewu zomwe zili zochepa.Ndikofunikira kupeza ntchentche ndi mawanga a ferns, komwe chomera chimodzi kapena ziwiri zingatengedwe.
2. Pezani mbewu zabwino za ana.
3. Ndikwabwino kutenga mbewu zachilengedwe theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Zikuwoneka bwino panthawiyi, osati ngati masika, pomwe masamba sanasanduke.
4. Sitikulimbikitsidwa: kukumba mitundu imodzi yokha (iyi ikhoza kukhala yachilendo), izika mbewu posachedwa ndi Ogasiti (sangakhale ndi nthawi yozika mizu isanachitike yozizira); tengani ambiri makope.
Kumbukirani: Ngati mbewuyo imatha kupanga khungwe - ipangireni zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Ndipo ngati imakula ngati chitsamba chosiyana, ndiye kuti m'munda wamaluwa uyenera kukhala umodzi, malo okhaokha.
