Momwe mungatolere bwino ndi kusunga zipatso zamasamba

Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwona zotsatira zogwirika ndi ntchito yanu kugwa, kuyeseza moyenerera malinga ndi zokolola, komanso kuyembekezera maphwando azisanu omwe akubwera. Komabe, kulima masamba ndi chinthu chimodzi, koma kuisunga m'nthawi yake ndikuisunga bwino ndichinthu chinanso. Chikhalidwe chilichonse chili ndi masiku ake okucha, zofunika zake zokolola, kukonzekera kusungirako, ndi kusunga nyengo. Kuwadziwa komanso kuwagwiritsa ntchito mwaluso kumatanthauza kupindulitsa.

Kukolola masamba. © Dave Gunn

Mbatata

Chimodzi mwazomera zazikulu m'minda yathu ndi mbatata. Ndipo patebulo sichingasinthidwe. Chifukwa chake, kusungidwa kwa mbatata kuyenera kuchitika molingana ndi ukadaulo, kuti masamba omwe amafunidwa azikhala mpaka masika.

Kodi kukolola ndi motani?

Kukumba mbatata ndikofunikira msuzi wake utakhala wouma. Ngati kukolola kuimitsidwa, tubers ziyamba kuchepa.

Ndikotheka kugwiritsa ntchito fosholo ndi pitchfork kuchotsa mbewu pansi, pomwe madera okhala ndi lotayirira nthaka yachiwiri ndiyothandiza.

Kukolola mbatata. © Ishikawa Ken

Ambiri, panthawi yokumba mbatata, amazisanja nthawi yomweyo, makamaka kubzala ndi "chakudya". Komabe, njira zotsatirazi, zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pouma masamba, musanazisungire, ndikofunikira, chifukwa ndikofunikira kusankha osati mbewu zokha, komanso mbatata zowonongeka, mbatata zopanda mawonekedwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kumawonekeranso pakusunga mtundu: ma tubers akuluakulu ndi oyenera kusungidwa mpaka nthawi yozizira (ndiye kuti kukoma kwawo kumachepa kwambiri), apakatikati - mpaka masika, komanso ang'ono kwambiri - ndibwino kudya nthawi yomweyo.

Kukonzekera kosungirako

Kukonzekera mbatata kumayambira ndi nthawi yotchedwa chithandizo kapena nthawi yakucha pambuyo yokolola. Zabwino, zimatha pafupifupi masiku awiri mpaka asanu, koma zimatha kutenga milungu ingapo (kutengera nyengo nyengo). Panthawi yomwe imachitika, mabala a tuber amachiritsa, amachepetsa khungu, amasintha chakudya cham'mimba kukhala chakudya, ndikuwonjezera vitamini C.

Pakadali pano, mbatata "zodyera" zimasungidwa m'malo otetemera, owombedwa ndi mame ndi mvula, koma mbewu m'malo mwake, zimayikidwa masiku angapo padzuwa kuti zikhale zobiriwira, izi zimawonjezera kusunga kwake komanso kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yosayenera kukhala ndi makoswe.

Kukolola mbatata. © Sinthani

Komanso, nthawi yabwino, nyengo yozizira iyenera kuchitika. Amakhala ndi kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono mu kutentha kwa mbatata kuzisonyezo za +2 - +4 ° C. Komabe, kunyumba, njira zoterezi ndizovuta kuchita ndipo munthu amangokhalira kuyerekezera kutentha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo ya nthawi yophukira.

Kusunga

Yaikulu yosungirako nyengo ya mbatata imagwera pa nthawi yachilengedwe matupi a tubers ndipo zimatha mpaka pafupifupi Marichi. Pakadali pano, mbatata ziyenera kukhala mumdima, ozizira (+2 - + 4 ° C), wokhala ndi chinyezi cha 85-90%. Pankhani ya kutentha kotsika, ma tubers amayamba kuwonongeka, kumtunda - kumera.

Kuphatikiza apo, mothandizidwa ndi kutentha koyipa, wowuma omwe ali mu chipatso amasinthidwa kukhala shuga, omwe amawononga kukoma. Komabe, kusinthasintha kwakanthawi kochepa kwa kanthawi kochepa chabe pa mbatata kulibe kanthu.

Cha kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February (sukulu zoyambirira) - kuyambira pa Marichi, mbatata zimadzuka. Mphukira zimawonekera pa tubers ake. Sangasiyidwe, chifukwa amakoka michere kuchokera ku mbatata, akumakulitsa chiwonetsero chokha, komanso kukoma kwa masamba. Chifukwa chake, ma tubers amasankhidwa ndikuyeretsa chilichonse chomwe chakula pa iwo. Komabe, njirayi imatha kuchedwa pang'ono ngati matenthedwe osungirako asungunuka kukhala + 1.5 - + 2 ° C, mwachitsanzo, mwa kuwulutsa m'mawa.

Kukolola mbatata. © Nick Saltmarsh

Nthawi zambiri, mbatata zimayikidwa muunyinji, m'makola, kutalika kosaposa 1.5 m, koma njira yosinthira bokosi sikugwiranso ntchito. Mbatata sizitha kusungidwa m'matumba apulasitiki.

Kabichi yoyera

Kabichi yoyera sodziwika bwino mu zakudya za Asilavo. Wina amaziyesa, wina amawaza, koma saladi watsopano kabichi ndi njira yosangalatsa pa tebulo yozizira. Kuti musunge kabichi yoyera mpaka masika, palinso malamulo.

Kabichi yoyera. © dirk huijssoon

Choyamba, iyenera kukhala mitundu yakucha komanso yakucha-yakucha, chachiwiri, atsogoleri a mitundu yosankhidwa sayenera kukhala ndi zowonongeka, koma kukhala zotanuka kwathunthu, chachitatu, kabichi yosungirako sayenera kusonkhanitsidwa kale kuposa nthawi yamasana yotentha yofanana +2 - +8 ° C.

Kodi kukolola ndi motani?

Kukolola kabichi yoyera ndikwabwino patsiku louma, lowonekera, ndikudula mitu ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Mukamasonkhanitsa, mutha kutaya nthawi zosayenera kusunga, koma kuchotsa masamba osafunikira abwino, ndikusiya masamba atatu apamwamba pamutu. Kutalika kwa poker kumatha kusiyidwa mosiyana (kuchokera 1 - 2 mpaka 8 cm) kutengera njira yosungira.

Kukonzekera kosungirako

Ngati zinali zosatheka kuchotsa kabichi panthawi yamdzuwa ndipo kunagwa mvula pabwalo - ndikofunikira kupukuta kabichi isanayike kuti isungidwe.

Kabichi yoyera. © Marian Dörk

Ngati mukusankha, ndibwino kusanja kukula: ikani mitu yayikulu pafupi (siyasungidwe pang'ono), yaying'ono - posungira kwambiri.

Ndikwabwino kukonza, ndikuwotcha, kabichi yofewa nthawi yomweyo.

Momwe mungasungire

Mutha kusunga kabichi m'malo osiyanasiyana: m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, chapansi, pantry, pa khonde. Kutentha kosungirako kuyenera kukhala kuchokera -1 mpaka +1 ° C, chinyezi pafupifupi 95%. Nthawi yomweyo, ndibwino kuyika mitu mwanjira kuti osakhudzana.

Njira yosavuta ndiyoika mitu m'mabokosi kapena mashelufu, ndikuwoloweka mtanda. Zotchuka ndizomwe zimapachika ndi poker pazokoka kapena zamtundu, kukulitsa poker (kutalika kwake mu chimodzi cham'mbuyomu, ndipo pankhaniyi ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 8 cm) mumchenga wouma, komanso kukulunga pepala kapena pulasitiki.

Mitu ya kabichi. © timlewisnm

Mukayika mafoloko m'mabokosi, muyenera kukumbukira kuti chidebecho chizikhala ndi mpweya wabwino, ndipo mitu imatsogozedwa mkati ndi chitsa. Atagona pa mashelufu, ndizotheka kupanga timiyala tambiri, ndikuyika mitu ya kabichi mumtundu wa cheke. Mukamakulunga pepala, ndikofunikira kuti musagwiritse ntchito nyuzipepala, chifukwa utoto wawo ndi woopsa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mchenga, mutha kubisa mutu wa kabichi kwathunthu.

Beetroot

Mwinanso chotsatira chodziwika bwino ndi beets ndi kaloti. Popanda masamba awa, palibe borshch sangaphike, komanso saladi sangaphike.

Kodi kukolola beets ndi motani?

Kuti nthawi yakutola beets imatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyanika kwa masamba ake am'munsi, kulumikizana kwa m'mimba mwake kwa mizu mpaka kukula kwakasinthidwe, kapangidwe kazinthu zimakula pamatsenga amodzi. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa mitunduyo, zilembozi zimatha kuwonedwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana, komabe, zambiri, kukolola kwa beet kumachitika kuyambira koyambirira kwa Seputembala mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala (kutengera ndi nyengo yanthawi).

Beetroot. © Dag Endresen

Ndikwabwino kutolera mizu pamanja, komabe, ngati ntchitoyo ndi yayikulu yokwanira, muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito pitchfork.

Kukonzekera kosungirako

Beet yakumbayo iyenera kutsukidwa pansi (ndibwino kuti muchite izi ndi manja mu zovala m'manja), chotsani nsongazo kumtunda ndi mpeni wakuthwa (kutalika kwa mm 2003 kuchokera pamutu), ndikuziyika m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba mutaziumitsa pang'ono.

Kuti muchepetse kusunga mizu, ndibwino kuyamba kukolola munyengo yadzuwa. Ngati izi sizingatheke ndipo mbewu yatuta munthawi yamvula, ndikofunikira kuyipukuta isanasunge beets. Nthawi zambiri pamene chisanu choyambirira chinachitika mwadzidzidzi ndipo beets sanakololedwe, amathanso kuchotsedwanso chisanu, komabe mbewu zoterezi zimakhala zokoma komanso zamadzi ndipo sizitha kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.

Beetroot. © Magalie L'Abbé

Kusunga

Momwe amasungira beets? Pali njira zingapo. Woyamba - kutsanulira beets ndi mchenga wonyowa, wachiwiri - kuvala mashelufu umodzi. Kutentha kokwanira ndi + 2 - +3 ° C, ndipo mulingo wanyontho ndi 85%.

Malo osungira beets akhoza kukhala pansi, cellar, loggia yotsekedwa kapena khonde. Nthawi zina, pofuna kumasula malo ena osungira, amayikidwa pamwamba pa mbatata. Pankhaniyi, imagwiranso ntchito ngati chosilira - imatenga chinyezi chambiri.

Beetroot. © Jeremy Brown

Mukasunga beets, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mizu yotalika masentimita 10, komanso yomwe imakhala yozungulira kapena yotalikilika mawonekedwe, komanso, mitundu yakucha-yakucha, imakhala yotsika kwambiri.

Kaloti

Kodi kukolola ndi motani?

Monga beets, kaloti kosungira nthawi yozizira amakololedwa kumapeto kwa dzinja, chisanu chisanachitike, ndi mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, Chantane, ndikutentha chisanu koyamba. Ngati mumakumba m'mbuyomu, moyo wa alumali wa masamba a Vitaminiwo udzachepetsedwa, chifukwa mbewu yotereyi sinapsebe ndipo imatha kuwonongeka mwachangu.

Ndikosavuta kuchotsa masamba ochokera pansi ndi foloko kapena fosholo, koma amayenera kukumba mosamala kuti asawononge.

Kaloti. © Nick Saltmarsh

Kukonzekera kosungirako

Pofukula karoti, imatsukidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito dothi (koma osati pogogoda, koma ndi magolovu), nsonga zimachotsedwa ndi lumo, mpeni kapena kungopunthwa, ndikuuma pang'ono.

Kusunga

Mtengowu umasungidwa mumabokosi kapena wambiri m'mapewa ochepa, koma njira yabwino ndikuwugoneka mumchenga wonyowa. Mwakutero, mbewuzo muzu zimayikidwa mumbale (m'magawo amodzi mu karoti imodzi) ndikuwazidwa ndi mchenga wosasunthika (kuti mupeze mulingo woyenera wa mchenga womwe umatengedwera m'manja ndikufinya ngati chinyontho sichikhala ndi mawonekedwe ake, koma chinyezi sichimatuluka - ndizomwe mukufuna! ), 1-2 cm wandiweyani.

Kaloti. © Pēteris Caune

M'malingaliro amakono, mutha kupeza njira yosungira kaloti m'matumba apulasitiki. Mu mawonekedwe awa, mbewu za muzu zimatsanulidwa 20-30 makilogalamu m'thumba la polyethylene 100-150 ma micons wandiweyani, omwe amasiyidwa opanda kanthu. Pofuna kupewa kuchulukana kwa condensate, mabowo amapangidwa pansi pa "chotengera" chotere.

Pofuna kuti kaloti akhazikike posungira kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, sikuyenera kupitiliza tsiku kuchokera pakukukolola kuti akaisungire. Mizu itayikidwa m'matumba kapena m'mabokosi amayenera kutsitsidwa (osiyidwa mumsewu usiku ndikuyika pansi m'mawa). Kusungirako kumachitika pa kutentha kwa + 3 ° C (magawo ovomerezeka amachokera ku 0 mpaka + 10 ° C) ndipo chinyezi chokhala ndi 95%.

Kaloti. © MissMessie

Mosiyana ndi beets, choyambirira, kaloti amafunika kudya mbewu zazing'ono zazing'ono, kenako zazing'ono kenako zazikulu. Ngati kaloti amasambitsidwa ndi madzi asanasungidwe, kusunga kwawo kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Pakukhazikitsidwa bwino kwa mizu mu chidebe, kaloti amadziunjikira mosiyanasiyana: mwina ndi mphuno yawo kwa wina ndi mnzake, ndiye mitu yawo.

Anyezi ndi adyo

Kodi kukolola anyezi ndi motani

Mutha kuyamba kukolola anyezi masamba ake ambiri atangofa, mamba akunja ali ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo mababu amawoneka opangidwa bwino. Muyenera kuchotsa pansi mwalawo mosamala: osagwedezeka, kuti musawononge pansi, osalumphana.

Kukonzekera kosungirako

Pambuyo poyeretsa, mitu imayenera kuyanika padzuwa, m'malo opumira, kuphimba usiku kuchokera mame. Mababu akakhala ndi "kulira" (nthawi zambiri mkati mwa sabata), amakhala owonda, makosi awo amatsekeka, ndi masikelo akunja amawuma - anyezi amayeretsedwa nthaka ndi mizu yotsalira. Tsinde labodza limadulidwa, ndikusiya khosi kutalika kwa 4 cm. Kenako, zomwe zimapangidwira zimasanjidwa, kutaya zoyerekeza ndi khosi lokanikizidwa komanso pansi pofewa (ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kuwola zowonongeka), ndipo zimasungidwa.

Kusungirako anyezi

Sungani anyezi m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono, maukonde, masheya, kuyika m'malo ozizira, owuma. Poterepa, malo abwino kwambiri osungira mababu amawona kuti ndi kutentha kwa +1 - +3 ° C, ndi chinyezi 70-80%.

Nthawi zambiri anyezi amasungidwa mu mabamba. Kuti achite izi, samadula masamba kuchokera kwa iye, koma amawaluka ndikuphika, ndikuluka mapasa. Ngakhale ndizovuta, njirayi imawonedwa ngati imodzi yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa imasankha bwino mpweya wabwino komanso kulumikizana pang'ono pakati pa mababu.

Kodi kukolola adyo ndi motani?

Ndikwabwino kuyamba kutola adyo mosankha, monga mababu a zipse. Buku pano likhoza kukhala masamba owuma, mizu youma (mizu yaying'ono yoyera, yakufa - imvi) ndi kuchotsedwa kosavuta pansi (anyezi wakucha atulutsidwa mwa tsinde lonama).

Kukonzekera kosungirako

Komanso zonse zili ngati uta! Mitu imayenera kuyesedwa, osati padzuwa, koma m'malo otetemera, osambitsidwa bwino dothi lomata, kudula masamba, kusiya 4 - 5 cm ya tsinde labodza, ndikuchotsa mizu.

Kusungidwa kwa adyo

Ndikofunikira kusunga adyo am'madzi (ndipo ndioyenera kusunga chisanu nthawi yozizira) pamawonekedwe a mpweya wa +16 - + 20 ° С ndi chinyezi chachibale cha 50 - 80%. Nthawi yomweyo, imatha kupakidwa mabatani, kulumikizidwa, kuyikidwa mu maukono a nayiloni, matumba opukutira, odzaza ndi mchere, "odzaza" m'mitsuko yagalasi kapena kungoikidwa mabasiketi oyala.

Dzungu

Kodi kukolola dzungu ndi motani

Kututa ndi kusunga maungu nawonso ali ndi machitidwe awo. Kututa kwachikhalidwe ichi kumachotsedwa nthawi imodzi, zipatso zimakololedwa pamodzi ndi tsinde, zimayikidwa pamiyala kapena pallets. Komabe, nthawi yochotsa zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mitundu yake ndipo zimatha kusiyanasiyana miyezi ingapo. Chifukwa chake kucha kucha kumakolola kale mu Ogasiti, miyezi itatu ndi theka mutabzala mbewu panthaka, yakucha - mu Seputembala, mochedwa kucha - kutangotsala pang'ono kuzizira. Mutha kudziwa kukonzeka kwa dzungu ndi mawonekedwe ake. Zowona kuti nthawi yakwana ikuwonekeranso ndi mtundu wa zipatso zomwe zimakhalapo, masamba achikasu kapena zouma, tsamba lokwera komanso loboola.

Kukonzekera kosungirako

Ngati nyengo ilibe chilolezo kuti mukolole masamba odabwitsa awa molingana ndi malamulo, mutha kuthana ndi vutoli osadikirira chifundo kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Ndikokwanira kupukuta dzungu lomwe lang'ambika mumvula m'chipinda chouma komanso chotsekemera, ndikuchiyika pa utuchi, ndikupukuta chosapsa pakasungidwa.

Kusunga

Ndikofunikira kusunga maungu ndikuyang'ana pa zabwino zamitundu mitundu. Zipatso zosakhwima kwambiri zimakhala mitundu yakucha-yakucha, yochepa okhwima mkati mwa mitundu yakucha ndipo imafuna kukonzedwa koyambirira koyambirira. Kuphatikiza apo, moyo wa alumali umatengera nthawi yakututa - zipatso zomwe zimatisonkhanitsidwa patsiku masana zidzagona nthawi yayitali, koma maungu omwe atulutsidwa mumvula - yochepa. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kudya maungu ndi zowonongeka, komanso kung'ambika popanda mchira.

Osatengera ngati dzungu litumizidwa ku chapamwamba, kuyikapo loggia kapena kubisidwa chapansi, njira yabwino kwambiri yosungirako ndi matalikidwe a kutentha kuchokera + 3 mpaka + 10 ° C ndi chinyezi chachiyuda kuchokera 70 mpaka 75%. Nthawi yomweyo, zipatsozo zimasungidwa nthawi yayitali zomwe sizimagona pansi, koma pa udzu, utuchi, udzu, osakhudzana wina ndi mnzake ndikukhala ndi mawonekedwe omangira mchira.