Chomera chosatha maluwa Echinacea (Echinacea) ndi nthumwi ya banja Asteraceae, kapena Asters. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa pafupi mitundu 9. Malo omwe mbewu zoterezi zimachokera kudera lakumpoto kwa North America. Dzinalo "Echinacea" kuchokera ku Chi Greek limamasulira "Hedgehog, kapena prickly, ngati hedgehog." Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri ndi Echinacea purpurea, kapena Rudbeccia purpurea, chomera chotere chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala osakanikirana ndi ena, komanso pokongoletsa malo. K. Linney mu 1753 adafotokoza koyamba mbewu yotereyi, pomwe akuti ndi ya Rudbeck. Komabe, patatha zaka makumi anayi, Echinacea adadzipatula pamtundu wina, popeza kusiyana kwakukulu kunapezeka pakati pa mbewuzi.
Zambiri za Echinacea
Echinacea ndi herbaceous rhizome amene ndi osatha. Kutalika kwa mphukira wokwanira kuli pafupifupi 100-150 cm. Masamba a basal masamba ndiwambiri komanso osapindika bwino, m'mphepete mwake mumatha kupindika, amaikidwa petioles lalitali kwambiri. Masamba a tsinde amapezeka pafupipafupi, pafupi ndi sessile kapena sessile, okhala ndi mawonekedwe lanceolate. Zomwe zimapangidwira inflorescence zimaphatikizapo madengu akuluakulu, okhala ndi maluwa apakatikati apakati, opakidwa utoto wofiirira kapena wofiirira, komanso mabango am'maso amtundu woyera, ofiira kapena ofiira. Chipatso ndi tetrahedral achene.
Kubzala Echinacea Kwapa
Nthawi yobzala
Echinacea ingabzalidwe m'malo otentha m'dzinja kapena masika. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mutagawa chitsamba cha Echinacea. Duwa limatha kubzala kuchokera ku njere,, mwanjira iyi, mitundu ya Echinacea imakonda kufalitsidwa; njira zamasamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa mitundu yosakanizidwa.
Malowa oyenera kubzala azikhala otentha komanso opatsa thanzi, okonzedwa bwino, pang'ono pang'ono kapena nthaka yosalowerera. Dothi lamchenga wopepuka kapena dothi lonyowa siloyenera kubzala mbewu yamaluwa. Ngati dothi ndi acidic, mutha kusintha izi powonjezera laimu.
Zowongolera
Mukabzala mbande, kuya kwa mabowo ndi pafupifupi 50 mm, pomwe mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 30. Mukabzala Delenok, kukula kwa bowoyo kumayenera kukhala kokulirapo pang'ono kuposa mizu ya chomera chodzalidwa. Kenako pansi muyenera kuyala kompositi pang'ono, kenako Echinacea imabzalidwa. Zomera zobzalidwa zimafuna kuthirira. Ngati mbande yakula mumzala, ndiye kuti mukufunikira dzenje yokulirapo, pafupifupi 0,4 m. Dzenje ili liyenera kukhala 1/3 lodzazidwa ndi dothi lophatikizana ndi kompositi, mchenga ndi dothi la m'munda (1: 1: 1). Zitatha izi, chomeracho chimathiridwa pamabowo, ndipo chimatengedwa pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko. Mmera ubzalidwe mozama momwe udakuliramo.
Kusamalira Echinacea M'munda
Kukula kwa echinacea m'munda sikovuta, koma muyenera kudziwa malamulo ochepa. Choyamba, chisamaliro chapadera chimayenera kulipira kuthirira, chikhale chokwanira komanso pafupipafupi, pomwe akulimbikitsidwa kuthirira maluwa madzulo. Ndikofunikanso kuti tsambalo lizikhala loyera nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti udzu uyenera kuchotsedwa ukangowonekera.
Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha kukula, duwa lotere liyenera kudyetsedwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni ndi kompositi yozungulira, izi zimathandiza maluwa, omwe akukhala ochulukirachulukira. Echinacea imafunikira kudyetsedwa ma 2 nthawi yanyengo: kasupe, ndi kuzimiririka. Ngati mukufuna kutola mbewu, ndiye kudula inflorescence zomwe zinafota, ndikofunikira ndi gawo limodzi la mphukira kupita ku tsamba loyambilira lobiriwira loyamba.
Kufalikira kwa Echinacea
Wamaluwa amakonda kufalitsa echinacea mwachilengedwe pogawa tchire. Izi zitha kuchitika mu April mu Epulo, komanso masabata a malimwe nthawi ya masamba ambiri. Gawoli loyambirira limachitika pokhapokha ngati ali ndi zaka 4 kapena 5. Chichotsereni dothi, osamala kuti musavulaze. Kenako chitsamba chimagawika m'magawo angapo, chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi masamba atatu kapena anayi opatsidwanso. Delenki obzalidwa chimodzimodzi monga mbande nthawi yobzala koyamba.
Zakhala zikunenedwa pamwambapa kuti wamaluwa amakonda kufalitsa mitundu ya echinacea ndi mbewu. Mbewu ndi zokulirapo. Zofesedwa mu kasupe mwachindunji mu dothi lotseguka, chifukwa madigiri 13 amaonedwa kuti ndiotentha kwambiri pakuwoneka ngati mbande. Mbewu zofesedwa sizigwa m'manda, koma owazidwa pamwamba ndi dothi loonda. Komabe, olima maluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kuti maluwa otere azikhala mbande, zoona zake nzakuti mbande zomwe zimawoneka zanthete kwambiri ndipo zimatha kufa chifukwa cha nyengo yosakhazikika yomwe imachitika mchaka. Zomera gwiritsani zotengera kapena zotungira. Mbewu ziyenera kuyikidwa munthaka ndi 5 mm basi, ndipo pamwamba zimayenera kukonkhedwa ndi dothi loonda. Kenako mbewu zimathiriridwa kuchokera pa mfuti. Mbeu zikamera zimangodikirira nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina zimangobala milungu 6 zokha mutabzala. Mbande zokula ndi zolimbitsidwa ziyenera kubzalidwa pamunda. Kenako amathiriridwa munthawi yake, udzu umachotsedwa nthawi zonse pamalowo ndipo nthaka yake imamasulidwa. Echinacea amakula pambewu pachimake nthawi zambiri mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo, ndipo mchaka choyamba chokha amakula tsamba lophimba, lomwe limatha kutalika masentimita 15 mpaka 20.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Echinacea amalimbana ndi matenda. Nthawi zambiri, mbewuyo imayamba kudwala chifukwa imasamalidwa bwino. Ngati nthawi yotentha imakhala yotentha komanso yotentha, komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kumaonekanso, ndiye kuti maluwawo atha kufalitsa matenda a powdery mildew. Komanso, mbewu zomwe zimapanikizika ndi nayitrogeni zimatha kutenga matendawa. Zovala zowoneka bwino, zokhala ngati zoyera pamiyeso ya masamba, masamba ndi maluwa. Chomera chodwala chiyenera kuthiridwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza kapena sulufule wa colloidal.
Komanso, duwa limatha kudwala matenda a cercosporosis ndi septoria, omwe amakhalanso matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Tchire lomwe limakhudzidwa, masamba amapezeka pambale ya masamba, omwe amachepetsa mphamvu ndipo pang'onopang'ono mbewuyo imafa. Ngati matendawa ali pachigawo choyambirira cha chitukuko, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zokwanira kudula mbali zonse za chitsamba. Ngati matendawa ayamba kale, ndiye kuti echinacea imafunikira kukhathamiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a fungicidal.
Ngati chitsamba chimayambukiridwa ndi kachilombo kachilombo, kakasinthidwe kazovala zidzachitika, komanso chikaso ndi kuyanika masamba. Pazizindikiro zoyambukira za matendawa, tchire odwala amafunika kukumbidwa ndikuwonongeka, pomwe malowo ayenera kupezeka ndi opha tizilombo ndi yankho lamphamvu kwambiri la potaziyamu permanganate. Mpaka pano, matendawa amawonedwa ngati osachiritsika.
Nthawi zina, mavu, nsikidzi ndi zolembera zapakhomo zimakhazikika patchire. Ma slgs akaonekera, ayenera kusungidwa pamanja, pomwe chipolopolo kuchokera ku mtengowo chimayenera kugawidwa pamalowo, chimakhala chopinga chachikulu pa ma gastropods awa. Pakuthana ndi tizirombo touluka, kukonzekera kwazomera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, Karbofos kapena Actellik.
Popewa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutsatire malamulo a ukadaulo waulimi pachikhalidwe ichi.
Echinacea pambuyo maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Mbeu za Echinacea ziyenera kukololedwa kumapeto kwenikweni kwa nyengo, ndipo zimayenera kukhwima kuthengo. Koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti kusonkhanitsa kwa mbewu kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa kucha kwake sikuchitika nthawi yomweyo. Mkati mwa mtanga udayamba kukhala wamdima, muyenera kuchotsa njere pakatikati pake, pomwe amatetezedwa kuti ateteze dzanja ndi golovu. Kenako mbewu zimasanjidwa, ndikuchotsa maluwa, ndikuwuma. Mbewu ziyenera zofesedwa mutakolola, chifukwa zimakhalabe ndi nthawi yayitali.
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu
Echinacea imakhala yolimbana ndi chisanu, koma ngati chipale chofewa chimakhala chambiri nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti tchire limayamba kuzizira. Mitengo yachisanu yozizira imakhala yoopsa kwambiri kwa mbewu zazing'ono zomwe sizinakwanitse chaka chimodzi. Pofuna kupewa kuzizira kwa chitsamba, m'masiku otsiriza a Okutobala mphukira zonse ziyenera kudulidwa, pomwe khosi lozika limakutidwa ndi mulch. Tsambalo lokha limafunikira kuphimbidwa ndi masamba owuma kapena lokutidwa ndi nthambi za spruce.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya Echinacea yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Kuthengo, mutha kukumana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya 9 ya echinacea, koma wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amalima zosakanizidwa ndi mitundu ya Echinacea purpurea.
Echinacea purpurea (Echinacea purpurea)
Kutalika kwa osatha ndi pafupifupi mita imodzi. Mphukira zoyipa ndi zowongoka. Magawo oyambira masamba amaphatikizidwa mu socket, ali ndi mawonekedwe owundana, akuthwa kwambiri kwa petioles lalitali. Masamba a tsinde amapezeka nthawi zonse, osakhwima komanso sessile, ali ndi mawonekedwe a lanceolate. Ma inflorescence ndi mabasiketi, pakati pomwe pali maluwa amtundu wa bulauni-ofiira, ndi maluwa abango ofiira ofiira omwe amakhala m'mphepete, omwe amafika pafupifupi 40 mm kutalika, amawonetsedwa pamwamba. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Makangaza. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi mamita 1. Basiketi mainchesi kufika 13 cm. Maluwa a Reed ali ndi utoto wofiirira komanso kupindika pang'ono, pomwe ali ndi mano awiri pamwamba. Ndipo maluwa ofiirira a mtundu wa bulauni amapanga mawonekedwe a convex mawonekedwe, ofika 40 mm kudutsa.
- Sonnenlach. Chitsamba chimafikira kutalika kwa 1.4 m.Ukukula kwa dengu m'mimba mwake kukufika masentimita 10, mulinso maluwa obiriwira amtundu wakuda, autali pafupifupi 35 mm, ndipo pamtunda ali ndimavalo awiri kapena atatu, komanso tubular maluwa omwe amapanga gawo loyera la bulauni.
Dzuwa la Echinacea (dzuwa la Echinacea x)
Izi ndizosakanizira zingapo zomwe zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito Echinacea paradox ndi Echinacea purpurea, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ntchito ya R. Skol. Zophatikiza izi zimaphatikizira zabwino kwambiri pazomera zotere: zimakhala ndi inflorescence yayikulu kwambiri, mphukira zokhala ndi nthambi zambiri, fungo labwino, miyala yosalala ndi mitundu yokongola monga mpiru, sitiroberi, mango kapena mapichesi. Mbale zamtundu wa penti zimapaka utoto wa henna. Chifukwa cha obereketsa, mitundu idawoneka momwe mabasiketi adapangidwa utoto, oyera, ofiira, ofiira, ofiirira, lalanje ndi achikaso. Mitundu yotsatirayi ya echinacea ndiyodziwika kwambiri:
- Julia. Zimagwirizana ndi mitundu "ya" Butterfly Kisses ". Kutalika kwa tchire lotalikirana sikupita mamita 0.45. Madengu oyamwa a lalanje amatsegulidwa m'masabata oyambira chilimwe, pomwe samatayika mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo.
- Cleopatra. Mitundu iyi idatchedwa dzina polemekeza agulugufe owoneka bwino achikasu. Ma maluwa achikasu otsekemera m'mimba mwake amafika 75 mm, maluwa abango amaikidwa mozungulira, chifukwa mabasiketi amawoneka ngati dzuwa mu chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi mwana.
- Ivnin Glow. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa a bango achikasu achikasu, pomwe pali mzere wamalalanje wa kuwala kwa pinki, ndipo pakati pake pali maluwa am'maso omwe amakhala ngati chitsitsi chamtundu wakuda.
- Cantaloupe. Mabasiketi ali ndi mtundu wa vwende. Mitundu ya Reed imapangidwa m'mizere iwiri ndikuwoneka ngati frill-pinki. Ndipo gawo loyera la shaggy pakati pa duwa limakhala ndi maluwa aubweya wa mtundu wakuda kwambiri.
- Fashoni Yopanga. Izi ndi mitundu yosadziwika bwino. Maluwa a bango amtundu wagolide amapindika kukhala tubules, pakati ndi maluwa aubweya wachimetima wobiriwira. Mitundu iyi imakhudzana ndi mitundu ya Letos Buggy, mbewu izi zimagwirizana ndi chilala, komanso kudziyang'anira kwawo posamalira.
- Double Scoop Cranberry. Mitundu yolekerera chilalayi ndi yosavuta kusamalira. Mabasiketi amtundu waku Cranberry ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso owoneka bwino kwa agulugufe. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito popanga maluwa.
Zothandiza zimatha Echinacea
Udzu wa Echinacea umakhala ndi ma polysaccharides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, hydroxycinnamic ndi organic acid, phytosterols, ma resins ndi mafuta ofunikira. Zomwe zimapangidwira ndi rhizome zimaphatikizanso zofunikira, komanso mafuta amafuta, ma resini, ma enzymes, macrocell momwe amapangira potaziyamu ndi calcium ndikutsatira zinthu selenium, siliva, zinki, manganese, molybdenum ndi cobalt.
Njira zopangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu iyi zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, ma antifungal, antiviral ndi zilonda zochiritsa, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, komanso poganiza kwambiri kapena kulimbitsa thupi. Ndalamazi ndi decoctions, akupanga, madzi ndi infusions wa echinacea.
Tincture wa mbewuyi kumathandizira kuwonjezera potency ndi machiritso achangu amayaka. Madzi, omwe amafunidwa kuchokera ku maluwa atsopano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ochizira mabala, ndipo akagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati, kuthamanga kwa magazi amawonekera.
Echinacea purpurea ndiwodziwika m'maiko ambiri. Zithandizo zochokera ku duwa lotere ku Germany zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a tonsillitis, tonsillitis, chroniosepsis ndi matenda ena otupa. S. A. Tomilin ndi pulofesa waku Russia yemwe adanenanso kuti Echinacea purpurea ali ndi zofanana monga machiritso a ginseng.
Pansipa pali maphikidwe a Echinacea, omwe, ngati angafunike, angathe kutero kunyumba:
- Tincture. Tengani mtsuko wagalasi 500 ml ndikuwudzaza pamwamba ndi maluwa atsopano a echinacea. Kenako mudzazeni ndi vodka ndikusunga botilo ndi chivindikiro chokhotakhota. Chotsani chidebecho pamalo amdima kwa masiku 40. Kenako tincture umathiridwa m'chidebe china. Amamwa m'madontho 15, omwe amasungunuka tiyi 1/3 ya tiyi kapena madzi, pamimba yopanda mphindi 30 asanadye. Zimathandizira pogwira ntchito molimbika, kukhumudwa komanso matenda opatsirana.
- Chinyengo chamizu. Mamiligiramu 300 amadzi ayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi supuni imodzi yayikulu ya mizu ya echinacea. The osakaniza aikidwa mu osamba madzi ndi kuwiritsa kwa mphindi 30. Msuzi utakhazikika, uyenera kusefedwa. Imwani katatu kapena kanayi pa tsiku kwa supuni zazikulu ziwiri. Zimathandizira ndi chimfine, kutopa kwambiri komanso matenda opatsirana oyipa.
Contraindication
Njira za mbewu nthawi zina zimayambitsa mavuto. Sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi amayi apakati, komanso omwe akuyamwitsa, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi vuto loopsa, chifuwa chachikulu, leukemia, collagenosis. Komanso sizitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi tsankho limodzi. Ndipo ambiri, musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukafunse katswiri.
