Mitundu ya Oxalis (Oxalis L.) ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 800 yazomera zokhala ndi acidic, zomwe zimamera ku South Africa, South ndi Central America, ndipo mitundu yochepa yokha ndi yomwe imapezeka kawirikawiri ku Central Europe.
Dzinalo Lachilatini la mtunduwu limawonetsera kukoma kwa chomera (lat. Oxys - "wowawasa").
© Kutchire
Oxalis, oxalis (lat.Óxalis) - mtundu wa udzu wapachaka, nthawi zambiri wosatha, nthawi zina zitsamba za banja la Oxalidaceae.
Izi ndi zomera pachaka komanso osatha, zina zomwe zimapanga ma tubers. Masamba awo ndi onyansa kapena amaso, peti; maluwa okhazikika, okhala ndi miyala isanu. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chowawasa ndi mitsempha yake yokongola ya pinki pamiyala ndi "kumaphulika" zipatso, zomwe zikakhwima, zimatha kuwombera ndi njere zazing'ono zofiira. Mbewuzo zokha zimatha "kudumphira" pambali, ngati mupumira mosamala. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chinyezi chikasintha, zipolopolo zake zimaphulika, ndikusintha mawonekedwe kwambiri. Chinthu china chosangalatsa: ndikayamba kwa usiku, nyengo yoyipa, kuwala kowala, kukonza mawotchi, maluwa awo amatseka pang'ono, ndipo masamba ndikupinda ndikugwa. Kusunthika motsogozedwa ndi zinthu izi kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kukakamiza kwamkati (turgor) m'maselo amasamba ndi masamba.
© Kutchire
Mawonekedwe
Maluwa: Zomera zitha kutulutsa kapena sizikutulutsa, kutengera mitundu.
Kutalika: kukula wowawasa kumathamanga.
Kuwala: chowabalika chowala. M'chilimwe, kuyambira masana masana amayenera kuzimitsidwa (kuyambira maola 11 mpaka 17).
Kutentha: zolimbitsa nyengo ya masika-chirimwe (20-25 ° C). Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi nyengo yotsika, kutentha kumachokera ku 12 mpaka 18 ° ะก.
Kuthirira: mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, nthawi yogwira ntchito, yochulukirapo, monga mawonekedwe a kumtunda kwa gawo lapansi. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, kuthiridwa madzi pang'ono.
Chinyezi chamlengalenga: mmera umakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, makamaka kasupe ndi chilimwe. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira - popanda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba: kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti ndi feteleza wophatikizira wa michere ya m'nyumba. Kudyetsa kumachitika pambuyo pa masabata awiri kapena atatu.
Nthawi yopumula: osiyanasiyana malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyengo yophukira-yozizira. Mitundu ingapo ya masamba azotaya zinyalala.
Thirani: pachaka kasupe mu dothi losalala.
Ntchito: njere, zopindika, kudula.
Mitundu momwe gawo la mlengalenga silifa mu nthawi yozizira limasungidwa mu chipinda chozizirirapo bwino, chabwino (16-18 ° C) ndikuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono, patatha masiku awiri mpaka atatu atayanika mbali yapamwamba ya gawo lapansi, ndi madzi ochepa.
M'mitundu yomwe gawo la mlengalenga limafa nthawi yachisanu, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa 1.5 miyezi isanathe (October kapena Disembala, kutengera mitundu). Timalimba timatsalira pansi, titha kusungidwa m'chipinda chocheperako komanso chovindikira bwino (12-14 ° C). Gawo laling'ono liyenera kusungidwa m'malo opyapyala, koma osapukuta. Zomera zoyambirira zikaoneka, mbewuyo imasinthidwa m'chipinda chofunda. Maluwa amachitika patatha masiku 30 mpaka 40.
© Kutchire
Chisamaliro
Mpweya wa okosijeni umakonda kuwala kosiyanitsidwa kwambiri. Mulingo woyenera ndi kuyika kwake pawindo ndi mawonekedwe am'mawa. Mukayikidwa pazenera loyang'ana kum'mwera, ndikofunikira kuti mupeze kapena kupanga magetsi owunikira kuyambira maola 11 mpaka 17 ndi nsalu kapena pepala lowonekera (mwachitsanzo, gauze, tulle). Ikaikidwa pazenera ndi makonde okhala ndi mawonekedwe akumadzulo, amapanganso kuwala.
Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, ndikofunikira kupereka zowunikira zabwino.
Chomera chomwe mwapeza chikuyenera kuzolowera pang'onopang'ono kuunikira kwambiri. Ngati nthawi yozizira ili kuchuluka kwa masiku a dzuwa kunali kochepa, ndiye kuti mu nthawi yamasika, ndikuwonjezereka kwa dzuwa, mbewuyo iyeneranso kuzolowedwa pang'onopang'ono kuti ikhale yowala kwambiri.
M'nyengo yotentha ndi nthawi yachilimwe, acidic amakonda kutentha kutentha kwapakati pamtunda wa 20-25 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, asidi wowawasa amakhala ndi nthawi yopuma, mbewu zimakhala ndi 12-18 ° C kutengera mitundu.
Kwa nthawi yozizira, asidi wa Ortgis amafunika 16-18 ° C.
Kwa Deppey acidity, panthawi yogonera (Disembala-Januware), kuthirira kumayimitsidwa ndipo chomera chimasungidwa pamalo ozizira, owuma (12-14 ° C). Mphukira yoyamba ikayamba kuwoneka, imasinthidwira mu chosakaniza chadothi chatsopano, kutsirira kumayambiranso ndipo pang'onopang'ono kusinthidwa kupita kuchipinda ofunda. Pambuyo masiku 30 mpaka 40, maluwa ayamba.
Kwa asidi wa pinki, nthawi yopuma imapangidwa mu Okutobala-Novembala - kwa masiku 30 mpaka 40 imasungidwa m'chipinda chowala, chowala ndi kutentha kwa 12-14 ° C mpaka kuphukira kwatsopano, pambuyo pake kumasinthidwa kuchipinda chowala ndi kutentha kwa chipinda.
Kuthirira mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, nthawi yogwira, yochulukirapo, monga pamwamba pamtundu wa gawo lapansi. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.
Ortgis wowawasa asidi samasunguliridwa nthawi yozizira, kuletsa dothi kuti lisamere konse. Mabowo a Deppei acid amatha kusungidwa m'chipinda chotsekeramo, kotero amathiramo madzi 1.5 miyezi isanachitike.
Chomera chimakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, makamaka mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe.. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira - popanda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti, asidiyu amadzazidwa ndi ma feteleza ovuta a michere ya m'nyumba. Kudyetsa kumachitika pambuyo pa masabata awiri kapena atatu.
Amasinthidwa pachaka mu kasupe kukhala dothi losakanikirana, lokhala ndi gawo limodzi la malo owetera, gawo limodzi la tsamba, mbali ziwiri za peat, gawo limodzi la humus ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga. Dothi losakanikirana ndi kufalikira kwa mbewu litha kukhalanso ndi magawo awiri a tsamba, mbali ziwiri za tinthu tating'onoting'ono, gawo limodzi la mchenga ndi kuwonjezera 1 mchenga. Kuphatikizika kwa zomera zokula nkoyenera.
Kukula bwino kwa chomera kumapangitsa kuti dothi lokwezedwa kapena miyala yabwino ikhale pansi pa chidebe momwe wowawasa.
© Kutchire
Kuswana
Zomera zimafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi mbewu. Mbewu zofesedwa masika. M'chaka choyamba, masamba obisika okhaokha ndi mphukira mobisa amapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu, ndipo mchaka chachiwiri, mapangidwe amtundu amayamba, ma rosette atsopano amakula kuchokera m'mizere ya masamba a masamba apamwamba.
Imafalitsa bwino ndi timinofu.. Mu febru-Marichi, mabingu a Deppei wowawasa amabzalidwa zidutswa 6-10 m'mphika umodzi, ndikugona pamwamba ndi sentimita lapansi. Kupanga kwa mtunda: turf (mbali ziwiri), tsamba (1 gawo), mchenga (gawo 1). Mizu isanapangidwe mutabzala, mbewuyo imasungidwa pa kutentha kozizira (pafupifupi 5-10 ° C), osathiriridwa mokwanira. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi, kutentha kwadzuka.
Mwakutero, ma bingu ammasamba amatha kubzala m'miphika ndi mabedi a maluwa nthawi iliyonse. Mabowo a Deppea acidic angabzalidwe pakati - kumapeto kwa Okutobala ndikupeza masamba opanda masamba pofika Chaka Chatsopano. Anabzala zidutswa zingapo mumphika wa masentimita 7, osakaniza kompositi, dothi la dothi ndi mchenga chiyerekezo cha 2: 1: 1. Asanapangidwe ndi mizu, miphika imayikidwa m'malo ozizira (5-10 ° C), ndipo ikadzamera, imasinthidwa kuti isinthidwe.
Powerenga nthawi yamaluwa, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti kuzungulira kwazinthu zonse kuyambira nthawi yobzala mutu kumatenga masiku 40. Chifukwa chake, Deppei wowawasa, yemwe nthawi zambiri amakula ngati manyowa, atasinthika mchaka amatha kuphuka chilimwe chonse mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Ma oxide angapo wowawasa samangokhala ndi ma phula okha, komanso maudulidwe (mwachitsanzo, Ortgis acid ndi hedizariidae), omwe amazika mumchenga pa kutentha kwa 25 ° C m'masiku 18-20. Zomera zobzalidwa mosakaniza turf, tsamba, humus nthaka ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1: 1).
Mthunzi kuchokera pakulowa kwa dzuwa.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Ndikathirira kwa nthawi yayitali, mizu ndi masamba amatha kuvunda, mbewuyo imadwala ndi imvi zowola kapena fusarium.
Zikatentha kwambiri dzuwa, kuwotcha masamba ndikotheka.
Zowonongeka: mealybug, kangaude wa mamba, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tizilomboti, ma nsabwe.
© MathK Night
Mitundu
Oxalis ndi wosauka (Oxalis inops Ecklon et Zeyh.). Mndandanda: Wosakanizidwa wowawasa (Oxalis depressa Ecklon et Zeyh.). Asidi wolimba uyu amachokera ku South Africa. Chomera chosatha, chosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Kuchokera pamabingu ang'onoang'ono, masamba a ternate amakula pa mapesi owonda, kenako maluwa akuluakulu a pinki okhala ndi pakati chikasu. Limamasamba mu Ogasiti ndi Okutobala, libzalidwe bwino m'malo otentha. Zimafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi timiyendo tating'ono. Ochulidwa bwino poyera.
Koussica Bouvy (Oxalis Bowiei Herb. = Oxalis Bowieana Lodd.) Masamba achifundo komanso otentha a thermophilic acid okhala ndi masamba obiriwira opepuka, okhala ndi masamba obiriwira okwanira 20-25 cm. Mapeyala ake ndi pinki. Yoyenera kulimidwa poyera komanso mkati mwa maluwa okongola.
Volcanic acid (Oxalis vulcanicola Klee). Dziko lakwawo ndi malo otsetsereka a Central America, pomwe limamera pamalo okwera pafupifupi 3000 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Wobzala mumiphika kapena mabasiketi opachikika, amapanga maluwa ambiri achikasu. Mphukira zake zimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira, okhala ndi masamba owoneka ngati buluu. Ngakhale kuti kutalika kwathunthu kwa tchire ndi 15 cm chabe, imakula kwambiri m'lifupi ndipo imakhala m'dera lalikulu. Paphiri lamapiri, sorelo imatenga malo onse omasuka, ndikuzungulira miyala, ndikupanga cholembera chobiriwira chokhazikika m'munda wamaluwa, ndipo mthumba lopendekera kapena chidebe chake chimayambira bwino mbali zonse za ziwirizo kuchokera kunja.
Chimodzi mwazambiri acid acid, zoyenera kulimidwa poyera komanso zamkati zamaluwa.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera, mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya Zinfandel - yomwe ili ndi maluwa achikasu asanu.
Giant wowawasa (Oxalis gigantea Barneoud) . Kwawo - Chile. Osatha mpaka 2 m wamtali. Thawani mwachindunji ndi nthambi zobera. Zoyambira zitatu-masamba 1cm. Maluwa achikasu a 2cm. Yoyenera kulimidwa poyera komanso mkati mwa maluwa okongola.
Ma Leaf Oxalis asanu ndi anayi (Oxalis enneaphylla Cav.). Chomera chabwinobwino chotalika masentimita 5 mpaka 10, ndichopanga chophukira ndi mainchesi 15. Kuchokera pa mphukira yamatumba, masamba obiriwira a masamba 9 mpaka 15 odulidwa, ndipo mu Meyi-Juni, maluwa oyera kapena oyera. Chomera chimafuna nthaka yokhala ndi asidi, humus wambiri, malo abwino okhala, malo okhala ndi dzuwa ndi malo okhala nthawi yachisanu.
Dokotala Wamkazi Wamkazi Elizabeth - wokhala ndi maluwa oyera owoneka oyera.
'Minutifolia' ndi buku laling'ono lokhala ndi masamba asanu ndi anayi a acidization, ophukira mu Meyi ndi Juni.
Oxalis deppei Lodd. Kwawo - Mexico. Zomera zosatha 25-25 masentimita, ndikupanga pansi pamadzi abwino. Masamba amakhala osinthika pamtima, osawoneka papex, kutalika kwa 3-4 masentimita, kubiriwira pamwambapa, ndi ndondomeko yofiirira, yobiriwira pansipa. Maluwa amatengedwa ma ambulate 5-10, mpaka 2 cm, ofiira ofiira ndi maziko achikasu. Limamasula mu Ogasiti ndi Okutobala. Chifukwa chisanu chimataya masamba.
Chimodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino kwambiri, zokongoletsa bwino kwambiri zamaluwa chamkati.
© Aka
Oxalis ndi chomera chokongola chomwe chili ndi maluwa okongola. Ndizoyenera kukula muzipinda zowala bwino. Mpweya wa okosijeni umakhala ndi mwayi wofunikira: mabatani angabzalidwe nthawi iliyonse ndikuwonekera kuti adutse pasadakhale masiku omwe adakonzedwa.
