Mitambo yachisanu yozizira, monga amatchedwanso veltgeimii okongola ndi omwe amalima maluwa omwe anali mwayi kuti akhale mwini wa chomera chapamwamba kwambiri, ndizomera zomwe ndizosangalatsa komanso zosowa. M'madera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, kukongola kwa thermophilic komanso kopatsa chidwi sikungabzalidwe m'nthaka. Koma mchikhalidwe chachipindacho, Veltheimia imawululira bwino kukongola kwake. Ndipo ngakhale simungathe kuzitcha chisamaliro chophweka, ndipo zimafunikira boma losiyana ndi kutentha, izi zimayenera kukhala ndiudindo mtsogoleri wawo mndandanda wa mankhwala ochulukitsa.
Veltheimia bract (Veltheimia bracteata).
Veltheimium inflorescences
Woimira banja la Asparagaceae, Veltheimia adabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku maluwa aku South Africa, ali ndi zokolola zambiri zamaluwa. Zaka zana zapitazo, mu 20-30s. Veltheim wa zaka zana la makumi awiri adawoneka ngati wodziwika kwambiri komanso wowoneka bwino m'nyumba komanso wowonjezera kutentha. Koma atatsika kwambiri kutchuka, mtengawu wadutsa nthawi yayitali ndipo tsopano akubwerera m'mafashoni.
Veltheymias ndi maluwa obala zipatso ochulukirapo kuchokera pakati pa mbewu zazikulu, zomwe kukula kwake kumatha kungoyesedwa ndikadzala m'nthaka. Koma ngakhale mchikhalidwe chachipinda, anyezi awa amagonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu komanso tsatanetsatane wake wachilendo. Kutalika kwakukulu kuli pafupifupi theka la mita. Veltheymias amapanga maluwa okongola otambalala, okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa midrib komanso m'mphepete mwa wavy, masamba. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wamtundu wosazungulira umadziwika ndi masamba a Veltheymia, koma malinga ndi chizindikiro, chikhalidwe ndi chosiyana. Masamba okongola, owoneka bwino kwambiri, amasiyana pakati pa veltheimia kuchokera kumbali iliyonse ndipo satsika poyerekeza ndi maluwa ake ochititsa chidwi. Tsoka ilo, nthawi yachilimwe itadzala, mbewuyo imataya zobiriwira zonse, koma munthawi yogwira kumakhala kovuta kuti ipeze exores ofanana ndi kukongola.
Mukukula kwa Veltheimia pali nyengo yotchulidwa pomwe chomera chimataya masamba. Koma gawo lokhazikika mu Veltheimia lagawidwa ndipo likufunika kuwongolera zinthu: maonekedwe oyamba azomwe akuyamba kukula, Veltheimia amakula masamba ndipo amafunika kupatsidwa malo otentha, koma kuti maluwa atulidwe ayenera kukhala ozizira. Chifukwa chake, pakukula kwa Veltheimia nyengo yofunda ndi yowala komanso nyengo yozizira komanso yamdima sizigwirizana. Ndi kutengeka kwapadera kumapeto kwa chilimwe, nthawi yopumula ya Veltheimia imatha pafupifupi chilimwe chonse. Zomera zimayamba kumera mu Seputembala (pafupi ndi zaka khumi).
Veltheimia capa (Veltheimia capensis).
Veltheymia inflorescences ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi inflorescence ya nyenyezi ina, koma nthawi ino osati chipinda, koma munda - knizofia. "Maburashi" ochapa mbale, michira ya fluffy, miyuni - pomwe mawonekedwe a inflorescence otere sathanayi. Koma Veltheymia, mwina, epithet "yozungulira yozizira" ndiyoyenera kwambiri, chifukwa mbewu iyi imamasula nthawi yachisanu-nyengo yachisanu. Ma sultans a inflorescence ndiwopindika wakhungu, maluwa obiriwira ofikira mpaka 50c. Mphukira zowala za veltheimia zimasinthidwa kukhala ma paler, mithunzi yosiyanasiyana ya pinki, yamaluwa yopyapyala yolimba ndi matupi afupifupi atapendekera pang'ono. Kuphatikiza ndi peduncle yakuda, maluwa amawoneka osiyana. Mtundu wa zomerazi umakhala wongotcha komanso wowoneka bwino wa pinki, fuchsia ndi chikasu. Pambuyo pa maluwa a Veltheimia (popanda kudula matabwato), mabokosi ofunikira atatu a zipatso zokongoletsedwa ndi mapiko ambiri amamangidwa.
Chomera chokongola kwambiri ichi chikuyimira mitundu iwiri yokha: yotchuka kwambiri Veltheimia Cape (Veltheimia capensisomwe amadziwika kuti Veltheimia mphukira - Veltheimia viridifolia) ndi veltheimia bract (Veltheimia bracteata) Mitundu yonseyi ndi yofanana kwambiri. M'malo mwake, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu ndi kukula kwa masamba: mu Celtian veltheymia, masamba mpaka 12 cm amaphatikizidwa ndi monophonic peduncle, ndipo mu Veltheymia bract, masamba amakula mpaka 30 cm, duwa la maluwa ndi lowoneka, mtundu wa maluwa ndi pinki.
Veltheimia bract (Veltheimia bracteata).
Kusamalira Veltgemia kunyumba
Veltheimia si chomera chosavuta konse. Ndipo sizodabwitsa kuti tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tikule mu malo osungira masamba ndi malo osungira. Chikhalidwechi chimafuna kutentha kwa mpweya (makamaka kufunika kwake pakukonzekera maluwa), kuyatsa, ndi chinyezi. Koma kupeza mtundu wina waukulu kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo ngakhale utali, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, ndizosatheka.
Kuwala kwa Veltheim
Izi zowonjezereka sizilekerera dzuwa lowongolera, lomwe limavulaza masamba (ngakhale likuwoneka lamphamvu komanso lolimba). Kwa Veltheimia, ndikofunikira kupereka zowunikira zowala zosakanikirana. Kusintha pakadutsa maluwa ndikosayenera, koma kugwedezeka pang'ono kwamasamba sikungavulaze mbewuyo. Munthawi yopumira, masamba atatha kwathunthu ndipo asanayambe kukula, veltheimia iyenera kuyikidwa mumdima.
Malo opumulira a kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo amawonetsedwa ngati malo abwino kwambiri a Veltheimia, koma, potengera kuyenderera pokhapokha kuzizira, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito malo pakhonde kapena loggia, pamalo obiriwira ozizira, ozizira otenthetsera nyumba, ma pati ndi ma verandas okhala ndi kutentha kochepa.
Kutentha kosangalatsa
Ndi chifukwa chakusankhidwa kwa kutentha komwe Veltheimia nthawi zambiri imalimbikitsidwa kuti izikhala muzipinda, koma m'minda yozizira komanso malo obiriwira. Zowonadi, momwe zinthu ziliri mu malo osungirako bwino, oyenererana ndi chikhalidwe ichi, ndizovuta kuyambiranso popanda wowonjezera kutentha. Ndipo ndizomwe zimafunikira kutentha kwa mpweya komwe amalima maluwa amawopa kwambiri, omwe akuwona Veltheimia ngati chinthu chosavuta chophatikiza.
Veltheimia ndi chikhalidwe chotentha, komabe. Kutsika kochepa kovomerezeka kwa chomera kumangokhala kutentha kwa madigiri 10 okha. Koma nthawi yomweyo, kutentha pafupi ndi mtengo wotsika (pafupifupi madigiri 12) kumafunika ku Veltheymia kuti duwa lithe. Makhalidwe azovomerezeka nthawi yovunda, komanso kwa nthawi kuyambira masamba kufikira maluwa. Makhalidwe abwino ndi madigiri 20 mpaka 21. Kuyambira pafupifupi Okutobala, kutentha kwachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono kuti Vellgemia ikhale yozizira mu Novembala. Ndipo imayenera kuphuka ndendende kuziziritsa (mwachikondi chomera sichimatulutsa peduncles). Zizindikiro zake ndizokhazikika.
Imasokoneza kulima kwa Veltheimia m'nyumba komanso kusakonda zojambula, kutentha kwambiri, malo osakhazikika. Koma amafunika kukhathamira kosalekeza: m'zipinda zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, mbewuyo imakhudzidwa ndi matenda. Veltheymia imatengedwa kupita kumunda, koma nthawi yomwe kutentha kwa usiku kumatuluka madigiri 10. Ma Veltheimias sanakumba m'nthaka m'mundamo, amaikidwa m'miphika ndi m'mbale, amakongoletsa malo otetezedwa, malo opumira kapena maluwa. Koma panthawi yonse yokhala m'munda wa Veltheimia, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa chisamaliro mosamalitsa komanso osalolera ngakhale chiwopsezo chochepa cha chilala.
Veltheimia (Veltheimia).
Veltheimia kuthirira komanso chinyezi
Ntchito yayikulu yosamalira bwino veltheimia ndikuteteza mbewu kuti isamayike kwathunthu pamtunda. Ndondomeko zimachitidwa pafupipafupi, koma mosamala kwambiri, kusungitsa chinyontho m'nthaka chinyezi. Popeza Veltheimia amawopa kwambiri kunyowetsa babu, ndibwino kuthilira izi kuchokera mu poto (koma, ngati mungasamale, mutha kuthirira m'mphepete). Kutsirira kumapitilizidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena kuyamba kuyanika masamba nthawi yomweyo, kuwunika momwe gawo lonyowa liliri mu thanki momwe limapumira popewa kufinya komanso kufalikira. Kuyambira pomwe masamba a Veltheimia amayamba kuuma, kuthilira kumayamba kusowa, ndipo masamba akamwalira, njirazo zimayima paliponse ndipo osayambiranso mpaka zizindikilo zoyambirira zikamakula zitatha nthawi yopuma. Kutsirira kuyambiranso kumachitika pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono.
Chinyezi cha veltheimia sichikuchulukira, chimalekerera mikhalidwe yachipinda wamba popanda kukonza zizindikirozi.
Zomera za Veltheimia
Feteleza za chomera izi zidzafunika pokhapokha pakukula kwamphamvu: kuyambira pomwe masamba ayamba kukula mwachangu mpaka maluwa atatha, feteleza wachilengedwe wazonse amawonjezeredwa kumtengowo limodzi ndi kuthirira. Zosakaniza zamaluwa ndizabwino kwambiri, koma zimakhudza masamba. Izi zowopa zambiri zimawopa nitrogen yambiri, ngakhale panthawi ya masamba regrowth.
Kufukulidwa kwa Veltheimia panthawi yotsika
Sikoyenera kuti Veltheimia atulutse mabalawo m'nthaka panthawi yopanda kanthu: popeza mmera sufunika kupatsidwamo pachaka, babu atatsala pang'ono kusiyidwa madzi ndikungoyimitsa madziwo. Ndipo chifukwa chake Veltheimia sangafunikire kusamutsidwira kumalo ozizira (koma pamalo amdima). Koma ngati nkotheka kukumba m'nthaka, ndiye kuti babuyo imayenera kutsukidwa bwino, kuyesedwa, kupukutidwa ndi kutumizidwa kuchokera kumalo amdima ndi ozizira (monga kusungitsa anyezi aliyense amene anakumba ndi tuber).
Ma bract braching amatha nthawi yayitali ndi masamba, ngati mungochepetsa pang'ono, siyani kudyetsa ndikusintha chomera kuti chitseguke. Koma maluwa okongola kwambiri akadali Veltheimia, yomwe idadutsa nthawi yopuma.
Bulb ya VeltheymiaVeltheymia kupatsira ndi gawo lapansi
Zosakanikirana zapadziko lapansi ndizoyenera Veltheimia, magawo apadziko lonse lapansi kapena nthaka yapadera yama bulbous ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Podzisakaniza, Veltheimia, zonse zophatikizika mchenga, tsamba ndi turf nthaka, komanso gawo lovuta kwambiri lopangidwa ndi magawo 5 a turf, magawo atatu a malo obiriwira, gawo limodzi lamchenga wachidwi ndi theka la mchenga wowonjezera ndi chakudya chaching'ono chowonjezera.
Ngati babu yakumbidwa m'nthaka nthawi yamvula, ndiye kuti yabzalidwa munthaka yatsopano ya veltheimia kuti ipangitse maluwa kutuwa kwakanthawi kambiri. Koma ngati mukufuna kusirira maluwa otumphukira ndi nyengo yachisanu, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musankhe choyambirira, chikhazikitsani kubzala mpaka zaka khumi zomaliza za Ogasiti komanso khumi oyamba a Seputembala.
Akasungidwa m'nthaka, njira yake ndi yosiyana. Mababu a Veltheimia amawazika kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zilizonse, nthawi yomweyo mababu akabzalidwa koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Chaka chotsatira pambuyo pothamangitsidwa, amangosintha mawonekedwe ena apamwamba a gawo lapansi.
Poika mbewu, mbewuyo iyenera kugwiridwa bwino. Bulb imatulutsidwa mumphika osawonongera dothi, kenako gawo lapansi limachotsedwa mosamala ndikuzindikira kuti mizu yake idapendedwa. Mizu yonse ya Veltheimia yowonongeka, yowola kapena youma imakonzedwa pochotsa mabala ndi makala ndikuloleza kuti ziume. Mwana wobzala ayenera kupatulidwa. Monga zochulukitsa zambiri, veltheimia salekerera kuzama kwathunthu. Gawo lachitatu kapena theka la babu liyenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka. Ikani kwambiri mozungulira, kuti musayike maziko.
Nthawi yoyamba pambuyo pothana ndi Veltheimia, chisamaliro chofunikira kwambiri chidzafunika. Kutsirira kumachitika mosamala, kungonyowetsa nthaka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mbewuyo imasamutsidwa kupita ku chisamaliro chokhacho pokhapokha poyambira kukula.
Akasinja a Veltheymia safunika kukhala pafupi, koma lalikulu mokwanira, omwe amasiyanitsa mbewuyi ndi m'chiuno ndi zotulutsira mkati kwambiri za bulb. Chachikulu ndichakuti kutalika kwa chidebe kumakhala kocheperako kutalika kwake. Ngati angafune, Veltheimia ikhoza kumalidwa m'mbale zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, ndikuyika mababu angapo muchidebe chimodzi. Koma ndibwino kuti musayesere Veltheymias wamkulu: kubzala "gulu" ndikofunikira kwa mababu a ana aakazi, omwe amafunika kuti azikulira padera kwa zaka zingapo asanafike maluwa. Kwa mababu ang'onoang'ono, mutha kutola miphika, ndikuchulukitsa pakati mulifupi mwake mwa babu yeniyeni.
Veltheimia bract (Veltheimia bracteata).
Matenda a Veltheimia ndi tizirombo
Matenda a fungal ndi mitundu yonse ya nkhungu, yomwe imawopseza chomera ndi madzi othinana kapena kuthilira molondola akuthirira babu, ndiye oopsa kwambiri ku veltheimia. Kuyanika gawo lapansi kumathandiza kuthana ndi vutoli mukaupeza mwachangu, koma kuyanika kwathunthu ndikosayenera kwa veltheimia mu gawo la chitukuko chogwira (zitha kupangitsa masamba kufota kapena kusowa kwa maluwa).
Mwa tizirombo ta veltheimia, aphid amayambitsa zovuta kwambiri, zomwe ndibwino kulimbana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kubwezeretsa kwa Veltheimia
Njira yosavuta yopititsira patsogolo “mwambi wanu wozizira” ndikulekanitsa babu pa nthawi yodzala. Mukamayang'ana mizu, mwana amalekanitsidwa ndi chomera cha mayi ndikuwabzala m'mapuleti ochepa kapena mumiphika yaying'ono, kumusamalira chimodzimodzi ndi Veltheymia wamkulu.
Mbewu zobzalidwa ndi mungu wongopanga; kumera ndikutalika ndikufunika kuwongolera kutentha ndi chinyezi (madigiri 21 ndi chinyezi pafupifupi 75%). Veltheimia yomwe imapezeka pachimake kwa zaka 3-4 zokha, koma chifukwa cha zovuta pakugwiritsa ntchito mbeu zazing'ono, njira yambewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pongogulitsa mafakitale.
