Posachedwa, ma streptocarpuses atchuka kwambiri - oimira banja la Gesneriaceae, chisamaliro cha streptocarpuses ndikulima sizikhala zovuta kwa aliyense, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndiyodabwitsa.
Mwachilengedwe, mbewuzi zimapezeka m'malo opezeka mvula yambiri komanso m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri ku Africa, Asia, ndi Madagascar. Kutengera ndi mtunduwu, ntchire nthumwi zitha kukhala zachilengedwe komanso zakale, zitsamba zamtchire ndi zitsamba.
Zambiri pazomera streptocarpus
Chizindikiro cha woyimira aliyense wamtunduwu ndi chipatso cha bokosi la mbewu yolowedwa mozungulira. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo a mwana wosabadwayo, mtunduwu umatchedwa "streptocarpus", womwe umamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chi Greek kukhala "bokosi lopindika".
Mitundu yosavuta yosakhala yophatikiza ya chomera cha streptocarpus chisamaliro ndi kulima komwe kudachitika mchipinda kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, ndipo mawonekedwe okongola a hybrid adawoneka zaka zochepa zapitazo.
Zophatikiza zamakono za streptocarpus ndizomera zosatha za herbaceous. Masamba amatambasulidwa ndikusungidwa mu rosette yoyambira. Kutengera ndi mitunduyi, kukula kwake kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira masentimita angapo mpaka masentimita 30. Ziwerengero zake zosiyanasiyana ndizothekanso: Mitundu ina yamasamba imakhala ndi zambiri, ina imawonekera ndi tsamba limodzi. Utoto wa masamba ungakhale wobiriwira kapena wokongola.
Maluwa a Streptocarpus amatha kukhala awiri, theka komanso osavuta. Kutengera ndi mtundu, khalani ndi kukula kosiyana - kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 9 centimeter. Komanso, kukula kwamaluwa mocheperako, kumakhala kwakukulu pa peduncle, ndipo mosiyana, maluwa akuluakulu amawonekera pang'ono.
Utoto wamtundu wa maluwa a mbewu iyi ndiosiyanasiyana modabwitsa: zoyera, zachikaso, mithunzi yonse yamaluwa ofiira ndi amtambo, lavender komanso velvety-papo ndipo pafupifupi wakuda. Pali ma hybrids okhala ndi toni ziwiri, utoto, wopaka kapena maluwa. Pali mitundu yosangalatsa ya mitundu 3-4. Ma petals ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ozungulira kapena owomba m'mphepete.
Kusamalidwa ndi Streptocarpus ndikulima pakhomo kudzakondweretsa eni ake ndikutuluka kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, ndipo ndikuwunikira kowonjezera, chaka chonse, popanda kusokoneza. Kutulutsa kwamaluwa kwa mtengowo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutuluka kuchokera pachimake cha tsamba lililonse mpaka magawo 10, pomwe pamatha maluwa angapo.
Mwa kukongola kwake komanso kukongoletsa kwake, streptocarpus siyotsika poyerekeza ndi senpolia (violet), ndipo mitundu ina yamtunduwu imatha "kuwamenya". Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukula kwa ma Cryptocarpuses ndikosavuta kwambiri. Zilibe chidwi kwambiri, sizigwetsa masamba nthawi yozizira, zimatha kumera mwachilengedwe komanso zowunikira, pazenera komanso kumbuyo kwa chipindacho.
Zophatikiza zocheperako zazing'ono ndizabwino kwa wamaluwa omwe alibe malo ochepa mbewu - gulu lonse lachifumu laling'ono lokongola la ma streptocarpuses limakwanira mosavuta pawindo limodzi.
Maluwa ali ponseponse ku America, koma pakadali pano, kutchuka kwawo komanso kukwera kwake kwa mafashoni akungoyamba kukulira.
Streptocarpus chisamaliro chakunyumba ndi kulima
Ma streptocarpuses ndi mbewu zojambula bwino, amakonda kuwala kofewa. Malo omwe ali kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwa mawindo ndi abwino. Mukayikidwa pazenera lakumwera, ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizike mosavuta pakuzizira. Pazenera lakumpoto, mbewu zimatha kuvutika chifukwa chosowa magetsi komanso osati pachimake. Chisamaliro cha Streptocarpus ndikukula pazenera pa nthawi yophukira-nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kupereka kuwunikira kowonjezereka kuti muthe maluwa ozungulira chaka chonse.
Streptocarpuses imakula bwino mukamagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadera opangira zida zowunikira. Kutalika kwa masana sikuyenera kukhala kosakwana maola 14 kuti zitsimikizire maluwa.
Chomera chobadwa kumalo otentha, kumakonda kutentha. Kutentha kokwanira mu chilimwe kumachokera ku +20 mpaka + 25º С, ndipo nthawi yozizira - osati wotsika kuposa + 15º С. Kutentha kwambiri, mbewuyo imaponderezedwa ndikufota, chifukwa chake, ndibwino kusuntha chisamaliro ndikukula m'mazenera akumwera a streptocarpuses m'chilimwe kupita ku zina malo ozizira kapena kupereka mpweya wabwino mosalekeza.
Kuti mukule bwino bwino ma streptocarpuses, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chinyezi m'dera la 50-70%. Zomera zimayankha bwino kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ndikwabwino kuzichita ndi kupopera pang'ono - chifunga, madzulo, madzi otentha kapena otentha.
Kusamalidwa ndi Streptocarpus ndi nthawi yolima kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka nthawi yophukira ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizidwe pafupipafupi, koma kuthirira pang'ono, kupewa kupukuta kwambiri kwa mapere. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa momwe kungathere. Pakathiramo madzi akumwa pofunda pofunda, popeza mbewu zimakonda kwambiri kuuma kwamadzi. Kutsirira kumachitika kuchokera pamwamba m'mphepete mwa poto kapena madzi amathiridwa mu poto kuchokera pansi.
Kuletsa mopitirira muyeso kumawonekera bwino pamtengowo kuposa chinyezi chochulukirapo, chomwe chadzala ndikuwola mizu. Tikumbukire kuti zikauma mu dothi louma, chomera chimayenera kuthiriridwa madzi m'magawo ang'onoang'ono koma osapakidwa nthawi iyi.
Streptocarpus ndi chomera "chanzeru", iye mwini amapereka malingaliro pofunikira "kuthirira madzi". Zikatero, masamba amatsitsidwa ndikuthothomoka, koma akathiriridwa, amabwezeretsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Chifukwa chakukula msanga komanso maluwa ambiri, chisamaliro cha streptocarpus ndikulima ndikofunikira nthawi zonse ndikuthira feteleza wa maluwa. Amachitidwa sabata iliyonse nthawi yamaluwa.
Thambo la streptocarpus ndi nthaka yofunikira
Mizu yazomera imapangidwa bwino kwambiri ndikukula mwachangu ndikutenga kuchuluka konse mumphika. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zazing'onoting'ono zimayenera kusinthidwa pachaka mumphika wokulirapo, ndi zina zokhwima pakatha zaka zitatu zilizonse. Miphika ndiyabwino kutenga zochuluka komanso zotsika.
Amakonda zida zamapulasitiki, chifukwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito miphika yamadongo, mizu yopyapyala imalowera pores za makomawo kenako ndikuwonongeka kwambiri pakuzula. Mphika uliwonse wotsatira uyenera kukhala wamtali wa 1-2 masentimita kuposa woyamba.
Thirani ndikuchitika mchaka. Pansi pa mphikawo payenera kuyikapo gawo lotalika masentimita awiri.
Ma streptocarpuses amafunikira dothi lotayirira komanso loti lizitha kupuma kuti madzi ambiri asakhaliremo. Kusakaniza kwa sitolo ya violet kumatha kugwira ntchito. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera peat ya mahatchi.
Mutha kukonzekera gawo lapansi la streptocarpuses nokha. Pali maphikidwe angapo:
- Malo ochepera-magawo awiri - magawo awiri a peat - gawo limodzi, masamba humus - gawo limodzi, mchenga wamtsinje (coarse) - gawo limodzi.
- Peat - 1 gawo, perlite - 1 gawo, vermiculite - 1 gawo.
- Vermiculite - 1 gawo, nthaka yokwanira - gawo limodzi, sphagnum moss (odulidwa) - 1 gawo, peat - 1 gawo.
Popewa kuteteza chinyezi mopitirira muyeso, kuphatikiza makala abwino ndikofunikira. Ndikwabwino osagwiritsa ntchito malo osasinthika poika mbewu zazing'ono.
Kufalikira kwa Streptocarpus ndi mbewu, kugawanika kwa chitsamba ndi kudula
Njira yosavuta yoberekera pogawa chitsamba. Chomera chimakula msanga komanso kupitilira nthawi, chitsamba chachikulire chimapanga zingapo zingapo ndi mizu yambiri. Zomera zotere zimathiriridwa, ndikuchotsa m'nthaka, ndikugwedezeka pang'ono, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpeni, kugawa chitsamba muchigawo kuti chilichonse chikhala ndi masamba angapo. Mizu yakale iyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo malo odula amayenera kuwuma ndikuwazidwa makala opera.
Drainage imathiridwa mumphika, wosanjikiza wa 1 cm, kenako 2/3 yodzazidwa ndi dziko lapansi, pambuyo pake gawo laling'ambikalo limayikidwa pakati ndipo dothi limathiridwa mpaka mulingo wa khosi. Dothi limapangidwa mopepuka ndikuthirira ndi madzi ofunda.
Chifukwa chake burosha laling'ono la streptocarpus limakutidwa ndi cellophane kuti muzike mizu. Masamba akulu ayenera kufupikitsidwa kapena kudulidwa kwathunthu kuti apangitse kukula kwa masamba achichepere ndi kuzika kwa mbewu posachedwa. Mwanjira imeneyi, kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi chokha mumatha kukwera zatsopano zinayi pachaka.
Ngakhale kufalikira kwa tsamba la streptocarpus ndi masamba kumakhala kovuta, kumakhala kotchuka, chifukwa nthawi zina, kupeza chomera chatsopano, chimangotulutsa tsamba lokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yoyenera kubereka koteroko ndi masika.
Mutha kuzaza tsamba m'madzi. Kuti muchite izi, pangani pang'ono malembedwe a pepalalo, lomwe lidzakhala m'madzi ndi mpeni. Zoyipa za njirayi ndizochulukirapo zowola za pepalalo.
Kuziika chidutswa cha tsamba mu gawo la violet chosakanizika ndi vermiculite ndi peat ndizopindulitsa kwambiri.
Tsamba laling'ono, lomwe limapangidwa bwino limasiyanitsidwa ndi chomeracho, limayikidwa pa bolodi ndi mbali yake yakumwambalo ndikudula ndi chinthu chakuthwa bwino chakumeta (mpeni, tsamba) perpendicular mpaka mtsempha wapakati m'zigawo za 3-5 masentimita.
Zidutswazo zimabzalidwa gawo lokwanira mamilimita 6 ndi maziko a chogwirira pansi mtunda wopitilira 3 cm wina ndi mnzake. Amathandizidwa ndi fungicide komanso yokutidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki. Kutentha kolimbikitsidwa kuti kuzike bwino mizu ndi madigiri 20 mpaka 22.
Nthawi zina masamba obzalidwa tsamba amatha kucheperachepera, komabe, patazika mizu, zomwe zimachitika pakatha miyezi iwiri, amapanganso mawonekedwe atsopano.
Ana amapangidwa kuchokera ku mitsempha yopingasa, chifukwa chake, mitsempha yambiri ikamapangidwa, ana ambiri amapangidwa motero. Chikwama chimatsegulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mpweya wabwino ulowe.
Kutsirira kumachitika mosamala kwambiri kuti muchepetse kuwola kwa masamba. Mutha kuthira mbewu zazing'ono mumiphika zikafika pamtunda wa masentimita oposa 2-3.
Kufalikira kwa streptocarpus ndi njere, zimafesedwa pansi m'nthawi yamasika. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi thumba kapena galasi ndikuwongolera nthawi ndi nthawi. Pakatha pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka, galasi loyamba limasunthidwa kenako ndikuchotsedwa kwathunthu. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masiku 5-7.
Pakaphuka masamba awiri, achinyamata ma crypto ndalama amawongolera ndikukula kuchokera kumbewu, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse, ndikatha kukula masentimita oposa awiri, zibzikeni m'miphika yosiyana.
Njira yolereka sizimatanthauzira nthawi zonse chomera cha mayi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ma streptocarpuses ndi mbewu zosakanizidwa zomwe zimasungidwa mosiyanasiyana pokhapokha zomera zokha.
