Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu ingapo ya mbewu zomwe Araucaria amasamalira kunyumba zomwe sizovuta kupereka, mbewu izi ndizofanana komanso zosiyana. Mtundu wa Araucaria uli ndi mitundu khumi ndi inayi yochokera ku banja la Araucaria momwe mitengo yotchedwa mkati mwake imapezeka.
Zambiri
Araucaria yopapatiza-leved kapena aku Brazil amaphukira kumapiri akumwera kwa Brazil. Uwu ndi mtengo waukulu womwe umamera mwachilengedwe ndipo umatha kutalika mpaka theka la mita. Nthambi za mtengowo zimapachika ndipo ndizowonda kwambiri. Tsamba lililonse limafikira masentimita asanu, ndipo limakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira, komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Ku Brazil, kuli nkhalango yonse ya araucaria, yomwe imatchedwa pineeiros, popeza liwuli limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chipwitikizi ngati pine. Nkhalango zoterezi zimakhala mmadera ambiri a Parana. Wina amatcha mbewu iyi Paraná pine.
Indoor spruce kapena araucaria wam'makomo amachokera pachilumba cha Norfolk. Ichi ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri, womwe umatha kutalika mamita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Khungwa la mtengo limasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake. Nthambi iliyonse imakhala molumikizana ndi thunthu, ndipo palimodzi amapanga piramidi yaying'ono.
Masamba m'chipindacho ndi ofewa, owongoka pang'ono m'mwamba, osafikira masentimita awiri. Mtundu wa masamba ndi wobiriwira wopepuka, ali oyandikana kwambiri, amawoneka ngati singano pakuwoneka, chifukwa chake chomera chimadziwika ndi dzina. Mtengowo ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi araucaria wamtali, anthu ambiri amawasokoneza.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Araucaria Cook kapena mzati limamera m'malo otentha, kwinakwake kuzilumba za New Caledonia. Masamba nawonso amagawikana m'njira. Maonekedwe, mtengo umafanana ndi piramidi, yomwe imapangidwa ndi nthambi zazing'ono. Pamwamba pa mtengowo, khungayo limakhala lalikulu lonse kuposa thunthu lina.
Zipatso za mtengowo zikufanana ndi mizati yaying'ono. Amafika masentimita khumi, ndipo chifukwa cha mamba awo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Tambala iliyonse kutalika kwake imatha kufika mamilimita asanu.
Mwachitsanzo, pazilumba, mitengo imapanga gombe, lomwe limakopa kwambiri alendo ndi oyenda. Nkhalango ya Araucaria imafanana ndi mizati ya basalt.
Variegated araucaria m'mawonekedwe ake, ndi ofanana ndi columnar araucaria. Mitundu iwiri iyi imasintha masamba ikafika pagawo la mitengo ya akulu. Komabe, ngati muyang'anitsitsa, ndiye kuti kusiyana mumasamba kumatha kuzindikira. Mwala wozungulira, ndiwofewetsa, ndipo nsonga zawo pang'ono pang'ono zimachepera. Koma mu mtundu wosakanizika, masamba sawonda pang'onopang'ono, koma ngati mwa mwayi.
Columnar araucaria ndiofala ku Italy, Australia, Africa ndi Indonesia, kutanthauza kuti, m'maiko okhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu imatha kuwoneka pamawonetsero kapena malo obiriwira.
Araucaria waku Chile komanso mitundu yotchuka yamtunduwu. Kuwona dzina, mutha kumvetsetsa kuti limakula ku Chile, komanso ku Argentina. Uwu ndi mtengo waukulu, womwe umatha kutalika mpaka sikisite, ndipo thunthu la thunthu limakhala lalikulu mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka. Nthambi zam'munsi za mtengo zimakhudza pansi, koma ndi ukalamba zimagwa.
Makungwa a mtengowo ndiwowoneka bwino. Masamba ndi odziwika chifukwa cha kuuma kwawo, komanso kumangokhala bwino komanso mwadongosolo. Mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira wakuda.
Mtengowo umatha kujambulidwa bwino, ndipo umakhala momasuka m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yachinyezi. Koma nyengo siyenera kukhala yodzaza, dothi liyenera kupangidwa ndi mchere ndi mavitamini. Zosadabwitsa, koma mbewuyo imatha kukhalabe ndi chisanu kapena chilala.
Mbewu zomera ndizopatsa thanzi komanso ndizakoma, zimatha kudyedwa mwa nthawi zonse, kapena mutha kuziwaza pang'ono.
Ngakhale chomera sichingakongoletse, chisamaliro cha kunyumba cha araucaria chokhala ndi mpweya wouma sichimva bwino. Ngati mbewuyo sikusamalidwa, ndiye kuti imatha kufa msanga kapena kupweteka.
Chisamaliro cha kunyumba cha Araucaria
Zomera zimakonda kuwala kowala, ngakhale kuti kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa lowongolera bwino kupewedwa. M'dzinja, mmera umatha kubzala panja, koma kungoteteza ku mvula kapena dzuwa.
Kusamalira nyumba ya Araucaria kumachitika bwino m'zipinda zazikulu, chifukwa m'chipinda chaching'ono mbewuyo simatha kumva bwino, araucaria amakonda malo komanso ufulu.
Ndipo ndikwabwino ngati chomera chiwalitsidwa kuchokera mbali ziwiri, izi ndizofunikira kuti chikule mozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, chisamaliro chanyumba cha araucaria chimatanthawuza mwayi wofikira mpweya wabwino komanso mpweya wabwino wokhazikika m'chipindacho, motero nyumbayo iyenera kukhala yozizira.
M'chilimwe, kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kupitirira madigiri makumi awiri. Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kusapezekenso madigiri khumi ndi asanu.
Kuthirira Araucaria
Thirirani mbewuyo mosaganizira nthawi ya chaka. Pothirira madzi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osalowetsedwa. Ngakhale nthawi yozizira, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala koyenera ngati mbewuyo ili m'chipinda chozizira. Ndipo nthawi yotentha ndi masika, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kotakataka. Komabe, panthawiyi ndikofunikira kusamala ndi kuthamangitsa nthaka, komanso ndikothekanso kuthirira kwambiri araucaria.
M'nyengo yotentha, singano za mbewu zimafunikira kuwaza kangapo pa sabata, ndipo nthawi yozizira izi zimafunikira nthawi zonse. Ndikofunika kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kawiri patsiku ndi madzi akuchipinda.
Feteleza wa Araucaria
Mukukula, mmera umafunika kudyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi ndi feteleza, zomwe zimaphatikizapo calcium, koma zochepa. Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kukhala yopanda mphamvu. Mutha kudyetsanso ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein.
Kuika kwa Araucaria
Muyenera kuthana ndi kuphatikizika kwa chilimwe komanso m'miyezi yoyamba ya masika. Kupatsirana kwa Araucaria kumachitika pongofunidwa, pokhapokha zakudya zadothi zikadzaza. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mbewu zokulitsa zokha zomwe zimafunikira kuziika, chifukwa araucaria iyoyokha siyilekerera.
Akuluakulu kapena mbewu zazikulu zimafunikira kukokoloka nthawi zinayi pachaka. Miphika yazomera iyenera kukhala yotambalala, ndipo pakhale madzi okwanira mkati mwake. Ngati anaika araucaria mumphika wocheperako, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuimitsa kukula kwa mbewu.
Primer ya araucaria
Dothi liyenera kusankhidwa ndi mtundu wa asidi wambiri. Dothi liyenera kukhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso tsamba, peat dothi ndi mchenga, m'chiyerekezo chimodzi mpaka ziwiri mpaka chimodzi. Kapenanso nthaka ikhoza kukhala ya dongo-turf, yopangidwa ndi nthaka ndi mchenga, muyeso wa 2 mpaka ½.
Komanso, mbewuyo imamera bwino mu dothi la turf, deciduous, coniferous land, mchenga, peat ndi humus mu chiwerengero cha wina ndi mnzake, ngakhale mu osakaniza awa mutha kuwonjezera ½ dziko lapansi.
Kusamalira nyumba ya Araucaria, ngakhale ndizovuta pang'ono, komabe mbewu iyi ikhale chokongoletsera chabwino chipinda chilichonse. Araucaria ndioyeneranso chikhalidwe cha hydroponic.
Kufalikira kwa mbewu ya Araucaria
Mbewu ziyenera zofesedwa mukakolola. Mukachedwa kubzala, ndiye kuti simungadabwe ngati mbewuzo sizimera, chifukwa zimatha kutaya msanga. Mbewu zimafunikira kufesedwa kamodzi munthawi mumphika womwe umadzazidwa ndi mchenga ndi dothi la peat. Kuphatikiza uku ndikulimbikitsa kuwonjezera makala kapena mchenga ndi peat, tsamba, malo oyambira.
Zitachitika izi, dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lonyowa komanso lokutidwa ndi sphagnum, ndiye kuti miphika iyenera kuyikidwa mu chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri makumi awiri, koma osatinso.
Simuyenera kuiwala nthawi zonse, podulira malo omwe mbewuyo ili, ndikuwathira mafuta. Mphukira imatha kuwonekera nthawi yayitali, zonse zimatengera mawonekedwe ambewuyo, makamaka kuyambira kakhosi mpaka miyezi iwiri.
Mbande zimayamba kudumphira patatuluka kagulu ka singano. Ngati mbewu, zobzalidwa kamodzi mumphika, sizifunikira kukokeramo, ndikofunikira kudikira mpaka mizu itakulungidwa kwathunthu, ndipo zitatha izi zitha kuziika m'miphika yayikulu.
Kufalitsa kwa Araucaria ndi odulidwa
Ngati mbewu ibala zipatso zodula pang'ono, mizu yake iyenera kuikidwanso kuyambira mwezi wa March mpaka Epulo. Kuti muchite izi, pa zodula za chomera chachikulire, ndikofunikira kudula theka la nsonga zapamwamba, pafupifupi masentimita anayi pansi pa whorl.
Musanabzale, phesi liyenera kuti limayidwe m'malo opanda kanthu kwa maola pafupifupi makumi awiri ndi anayi. Pambuyo pa izi, zigawo ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino kwa utomoni ndikuwazidwa ndi yankho lamakala. Omwe alimi asanalore kudulira ndikudula heteroauxin, kapena amatchedwanso chodzaza ngati mizu.
Kuti mupeze mizu, zodulidwa zimafunika kubzalidwe payokha, nthawi zonse mumchenga wonyowa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mchenga ndi peat muyezo wa wina ndi umodzi. Ngati sizotheka kupanga chisakanizo chotere, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wosavuta. Kuchokera pamwamba ndikofunikira kuphimba chilichonse ndi kapu kapena botolo la pulasitiki losavuta.
Ndikofunikira kuzika mizu mu mini-teapot yochepera kutentha, pokhapokha mutha kukwaniritsa kumera mwachangu. Mu teapot, muyenera kusunga kutentha madigiri makumi awiri ndi asanu. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewuyo imayenera kupatsidwamo madzi nthawi zonse ndikupopera, izi zanenedwa kale koposa kamodzi.
Wamaluwa ambiri sakonda kuti kuzika mu chomera kumatenga nthawi yayitali, chifukwa muyenera kudikirira miyezi iwiri. Ndipo ngati kutentha kwa teapot kuli kochepa, ndiye kuti ndalamazi zimatha kupitirira mpaka miyezi isanu.
Mizu itatha kulumikizidwa kwathunthu ndi zomwe zidudwazo zomwe zayamba kuzika mizu, kuziika mu gawo lapansi lomwe lakonzedwa kuti chomera chokha chizikula. Palibe chifukwa chomwe muyenera kunyalanyaza chisankho, chifukwa chingapangitse kuti mbewu zisakule bwino.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
- Kusamalidwa makamaka kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kumtunda kwa chomera, chifukwa pamakhala kukula kwa araucaria, ndipo ngati chawonongeka, mtengowo ungaletse kwathunthu kapena pang'ono pang'ono kukula ndi chitukuko. Ndipo ngati izi sizingazindikiridwe pa nthawiyo, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kubweretsa mbewuyo pachikhalidwe chomwe sichidziwika.
- Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe amalima mbewu m'zipinda amaziwumitsa chifukwa amaiwalira kupumira m'chipindacho. Koma, sizingatheke kuti mukule araucaria m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma, magetsi osakwanira kapena kutentha pang'ono, makamaka nyengo yozizira.
- Nthambi za chomera zimatha kugwa ndikugwa ndi madzi ochuluka kapena malo otentha kwambiri. Mphukira imatha kuyamba kuuma ndikusanduka chikaso ndikakhala kuti palibe chinyontho kapena ngati chipindacho chaphwa komanso kumangidwa. Pazifukwa zomwezo, singano zimatha kugwa.
- Mphukira zatsopano zimatha kuwonda ngati mbewuyo sikudya mokwanira. Ndipo mphukira zopyapyala ndizofooka, chifukwa chake mbewuyo imapweteka m'tsogolo. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kutsatira malingaliro onse pazakusamalidwa.
- Ngati araucaria ikusowa calcium, ndiye kuti kukula kwa mbewuyo kumayamba kuchepa. Itha kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo tonse ta conifers.
- Poyamba, zitha kuwoneka kuti kusamalira chomera ndikovuta, koma ngati mungaganize zokulitsa araucaria wodabwitsa, muyenera kulimbikira. Ngakhale chisamaliro sichili chovuta, wolima msungayu aliyense amazizolowera.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mtengowu uli ndi mitundu yambiri, ku Australia kokha komanso pachilumba cha New Guinea, zilipo zoposa khumi ndi zisanu. Mwachitsanzo, pagombe la Caucasus, mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa okongoletsa. Mukayang'ana ku araucaria, mutha kuganiza kuti iyi ndi fern mini.
Zomera zimatulutsa kwambiri nthawi zambiri, ndipo nthawi imeneyi ikangolowa, zimadabwitsa anthu ena, chifukwa maluwawo ndi okongola mosadabwitsa. Mwachilengedwe, mbewuyo imaphuka nthawi zambiri kuposa kwawo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazocheperapo zomwe zingabzalidwe kunyumba. Chifukwa chake, mbewuyo imatchedwa zokolola za kunyumba.
Pali malingaliro ena akuti chomera chimatha kuyeretsa mpweya, monga ma conifers ambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuyika mbewuyo m'zipinda zikafunika.
