Mitundu yaying'ono kusinthana (Promenaea) ndizogwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la orchid. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu 14 ya zomera zazing'ono za epiphytic, zomwe mwachilengedwe zimapezeka kokha m'malo ena a nkhalango zamapiri otentha a Central ndi Southern Brazil.
Zomera zotere zimayanjana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa Zygopetalum, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa monga zomaliza, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimatchulidwa, mwachitsanzo, zygopetalum wachikasu (Zygopetalum citrinum). Komabe, zoona zake, mbewu iyi idalekedwa kwakanthawi kutengera mtundu wina.
Mitundu iyi imadziwika ndi kukula komposavuta, komanso mtundu wa sympoidal. Duwa limakhala ndi chizimba (cholengedwa chosinthika chosinthika), komanso ma pseudobulbs ocheperako okhala ndi mawonekedwe a dzira. Pseudobulbs akuwoneka kuti amakhala pamitundu yazitali zambiri zomwe zimakhala pansipa. Masamba achiwiri (opanda masamba) amakula kuchokera pamwamba pa pseudobulb. Timapepala totsika tating'ono tambiri tating'ono tambiri timafikira masentimita 7 mpaka 10. Amapaka utoto wonyezimira kapena wamtambo wonyezimira, misempha yokhala ndi utoto wakuda imawonekera bwino pamtunda wa tsamba. Pansi pa ma pseudobulbs, timizere tating'ono timene timamera timabowo totsikira. Monga lamulo, kutalika kwawo sikudutsa kutalika kwa chomera chokha ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Pa peduncle pamatha kukhala maluwa 1 kapena 2 otchedwa zygomorphic onunkhira bwino okhala ndi mainchesi 4 mpaka 5. Mtundu umatengera mitundu. Chifukwa chake, duwa limatha kukhala lachikasu loyera kapena mikwingwirima yosunthika kapena mawanga a burgundy. Manda atatu (manda, omwe nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi ma petals) amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owumbika kapena apansi. 2 pamakhala pagulu moyang'anana, monga lamulo, sizimasiyana ndi manda amtundu uliwonse. Mlomo (wa 3 wosinthidwa petal) ndi wamanja-atatu, ndipo ndi wofanana ndi scapula yaying'ono yokhala ndi 2 ofananira, osanjika molunjika, miyendo. Mtundu wina, mzere wokhotakhota, wokhala ndi mbali zazikulu komanso zofanana ndi milomo. Zotsatira zake kuti pamakhala milomo yaying'ono pamlomo, palimodzi ndi mbali zina zamkati, mtundu wa "pakamwa pa nyama" umapangidwa, pharynx ndi yotakata. Limamasuka kwa nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi milungu 3-4, ndipo zimachitika mpaka milungu 8.
Kusamalira orchid kunyumba
M'munda wamkati, alimi odziwa bwino maluwa komanso oyamba kumene amatha kukula mtundu wamaluwa, ndizo zonse, chifukwa duwa limadziwika chifukwa chobiriwira.
Kupepuka
Chomera chokongola kwambiri, chopangira chowala, koma nthawi yomweyo chimasokoneza kuyatsa. Komabe, imamvekera bwino ngakhale mu mthunzi waukulu kwambiri. Mukayika maluwa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzikonda mawindo akum'mawa. Ikaikidwa pazenera zina, promenade imafunikira kusintha pang'ono kuchokera pakulowera dzuwa, kapena kuwunikira ndi ma phytolamp apadera.
Kuwala kowonjezera ndi phytolamp kuyenera kuperekedwa kwa orchid yotereyi nthawi yophukira ndi masika. Chowonadi ndichakuti maola masana masana chaka chilichonse azikhala ndi nthawi yochepera maola 10-12.
Njira yotentha
Chomera ichi chimafuna kutentha kozizira, komanso chimakhala ndi nyengo yotsimikizika. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yotentha, imakula nthawi zambiri ndipo imakhala pamtunda kuchokera pa madigiri 16 mpaka 22, ndipo kuzizira - kuchokera 12 mpaka 15 degrees. Kuti maluwa atukuke bwino, duwa limafunikira kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, komwe kumayenera kukhala kofanana ndi madigiri 5-10.
M'nyengo yotentha (kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka pakati pa Seputembala), akatswiri amalangizanso kusunthira kukakhwalala pamsewu (kumunda, khonde), koma nthawi yomweyo, kuwopseza chisanu usiku kuyenera kusakhalapo. Ndiosavuta kupereka kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Komanso mpweya watsopano womwe, womwe umapangitsa kuti ukhale wathanzi, wamphamvu komanso wopirira, umathandizanso kwambiri ma promenades.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Popeza chomera ichi ndi epiphyte, chitha kumera pachitunda, koma poto wamaluwa nthawi zonse chimakhala choyenera izi, chomwe chimayenera kudzazidwa ndi sphagnum ndi zidutswa zazikulu za makungwa a paini, ziyenera kutengedwa mulingo wofanana. Kusakaniza koteroko kumayenera kudzazidwa ndi poto wapulasitiki wowonekera bwino wokhala ndi makoma owonjezeranso bwino (kusintha gawo la mizu).
Monga chotchinga, timalimbikitsidwanso kugwiritsa ntchito chidutswa cha makungwa a paini a kukula kwakukulu. Pamwamba pake, muyenera kukonza mizu, mutapanga "pilo" la sphagnum. Kuchokera kumwamba, mizu iyeneranso yokutidwa ndi moss kuti isawume msanga.
Momwe mungamwere
Thirirani mbewu pokhapokha ngati khungwa litapuma. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi osalala okha, osasankhidwa, omwe sayenera kuzizira kuposa kutentha kwa chipinda (osapitirira madigiri 40). Nthawi zambiri mumafunikira kuthilira maluwa amtunduwu malinga ndi chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, ngati chipindacho chili chabwino, ndiye kuti makungwawo adzauma pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi.
Akatswiri odziwa kuthamangitsa amalangiza njira yobatiza. Kuti muchite izi, gawo kapena chidebe chimatsitsidwa mu beseni lodzazidwa ndi madzi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ola.
Chinyezi
Duwa lomwe limamera pamaliralo likufunika chinyezi (pafupifupi 60 peresenti kapena kupitilira). Ngati mulibe orchidarium, ndiye kuti muwonjezere chinyezi m'chipindacho muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito jenereta yochepa yaunyumba, ndipo iyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi mbewuyo.
Orchid wobiriwira mumphika amatha kulekerera chinyezi chochepa m'zipinda zamatawuni mwakachetechete, koma kuti akhale womasuka, amalimbikitsidwa kuti apukutse masamba ake mwadongosolo kuchokera ku sprayer, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda pamenepa.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Ikani chonde pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero. Mwachitsanzo, pamene chidebe kapena chipika chitacheperachepera, komanso pokonza mchere kapena kuwonongeka kwa gawo lapansi.
Ndikwabwino kufalitsa panthawi yomwe pseudobulbs achinyamata ayamba kukhala ndi mizu yawoyawo.
Feteleza
Manyowa pa chomera chake pakumakula nthawi yayitali m'masiku awiri kapena atatu. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wophatikiza ndi ma orchid, pamene kuli kofunikira kutenga 1/3 kapena ¼ gawo la mlingo woyenera phukusi. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayenera kusinthidwa ndi foliar, pomwe masamba amayenera kuwaza ndi madzi, ndi feteleza kusungunuka mkati mwake.
Nthawi yopumula
Mitundu ya maluwa iyi imasiyana ndi ina yonse chifukwa imakhala ndi nthawi ziwiri zopumira nthawi imodzi. Yoyamba imawonedwa nthawi yozizira, ndipo zimachitika pambuyo poti mphukira zazing'ono zimapangidwa, komanso pseudobulbs zatsopano zitakhala zowongoka pang'ono. Pakadali pano, promenade amafunika kuzizira, komanso kuthirira kwambiri (mutha kungopopera maluwa nthawi ndi nthawi). Mapeto a nthawi yokhala matalala imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a peduncle. Kuyambira pano, duwa limasamaliridwa, monga nthawi yachilimwe.
Maluwa atatha, nyengo yachiwiriyo iyamba, pomwe chomera chizipuma bwino. Panthawi imeneyi ndikofunikira kumamuyang'anira komanso nthawi yozizira. Nthawi imeneyi ndi yochepa kwambiri kuyambira milungu iwiri mpaka itatu.
Izi zimachitika kuti ngakhale chomera chomwe sichinazimirike timatulutsa timabowo tating'ono. Pankhaniyi, nthawi yachiwiri yopuma siyofunikira. Ngati sichikhala zaka zingapo motsatana, ndiye izi zitsogolera kuti kukula kwatsopano chaka ndi chaka kumacheperachepera, ndipo maluwa sakhala ochuluka, kenako nkuima kwathunthu.
Njira zolerera
M'malo mchipinda, ndigulitsa, ngati lamulo, chofalikira ndi magawano. Tiyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pa gawo lirilonse payenera kukhala ndi ma pseudobulbs akuluakulu atatu, omwe amayenera kukhala ndi mizu yolimba.
Nthawi zina, mwana amapangika kumtunda kwa pseudobulb wokhwima, pomwe amatha kupatulidwa ndikudzalidwa mosiyana.
M'malo opanga, mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa, komanso njira ya meristem (cloning).
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Nthawi zambiri, kangaude mumakhala masamba. Maluwa akapezeka, maluwa amakonzekera kusamba kosamba (pafupifupi madigiri 45), pomwe masamba ake amasamba bwino.
Zimaletseka ndi matenda, koma nthawi yomweyo, popanda chisamaliro chokwanira, mbewu zimatembenuza chikasu ndikuwuluka masamba kapena malangizo awo amasanduka akuda. Zotsatira zoyipa ngati izi zingadzetse:
- kutentha kwambiri;
- chinyezi chakwera kwambiri;
- pafupipafupi kuyanika;
- kukongoletsa kwa gawo lapansi;
- kuyatsa kosavomerezeka kapena mosemphanitsa;
- madzi olimbikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira.
Mitundu yayikulu
Kunyumba, mitundu yambiri ya misewu yolima imadzala, yomwe, monga lamulo, imasiyana kokha mu mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a corolla.
Promenade golide wachikasu (Promenaea xanthina)
Mtunduwu umapezeka kwambiri pakati pa olima maluwa aku Russia. Tetrahedral, ma pseudobulbs owoneka ngati mulifupi amatalika masentimita awiri, ndi mainchesi 1.5. Manda ndi ma petals ali ndi utoto wowoneka wachikasu, ndipo pamunsi pamilomo komanso pamwamba pa masamba, komanso mkati mwamkati, pali malo ambiri amtundu wa burgundy.
Promenaea xanthina var. citrina ndi maluwa achikasu achikasu omwe amakhala ndi mtundu wachikaso. Zimachitika kuti mawonekedwe awa amatchedwa Promenaea citrina, yemwe kulibe.
Stapelina promenade (Promenaea stapelioides)
Ili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mkati mwa kholalo, komanso milomo, imapakidwa utoto wamtambo wakuda, ndipo pali malo owala pang'ono m'mphepete mwake. Ma cell ndi manda a fomu yotakata-yopakidwa penti imapakidwa pamithunzi yachikaso, ndipo pamwamba pake, komanso mbali zamkati mwa milomo, pamakhala mitundu yambiri yosagwirizana, yopingasa, yokhala ndi burgundy. Chilalacho chili ndi gawo lapamwamba la utoto wachikasu.
Kupititsa patsogolo microster (Promenaea microptera)
Ichi ndiye chomera chocheperako kwambiri kumtundu wonse. Imadziwikanso pakati pa mitundu ina mwa mawonekedwe a corolla. Kutalika kwa ma peduncles kumachokera masentimita 4 mpaka 5, pomwe mainchesi a malowo ndi 4 cm okha. Ching'ono, manda okhala ngati bango ndi ma petals ali ndi utoto wachikasu. Pamaso pa milomo (kuyambira pansi mpaka pakati) pali malo akulu kwambiri amtundu wa burgundy, ndipo kumbali ya milomo komanso pansi pazipilala pamakhala mikwingwirima yamtundu womwewo. Ziphuphu, zokwezedwa mwamphamvu kumanda apamwamba, amapanga ma angles ndi izo kuchokera 20 mpaka 30 digiri. Potere, manda am'munsi amatsogozedwa kumunsi, chifukwa chomwe chimakhala pakati pawo.
Freckled Promenade (Promenaea lentiginosa)
Ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi dzinali. Mitambo yotambalala yachikasu ili ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika. Pamaso pawo pamakhala zosowa za utoto wa burgundy komanso kakang'ono kwambiri. Koma pamilomo ndi pamiyala ya obovate pamakhala malo ambiri owoneka bwino. Malo oterowo kumapeto kwa milomo ndi okulirapo, ndipo mkati mwamkatiyo mulinso mtundu wa burgundy.
Adalitsidwe paranaensis
Mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi maulendo apafupi kuchokera pa masentimita 2.8 mpaka 3.5, pomwe mainchesi a maluwa wamba ndi pafupifupi masentimita 4.5. Kutalika, kotchulidwa kumapeto kwa manda ndi ma petals ndi ovoid. Pamaso pa corolla wachikasu-mandimu, mawanga aku burgundy amawoneka. Kuphatikiza apo, pamanda, komanso ndendende mmunsi mwawo, mawanga ndi ochepa kukula, ndipo pamatchulidwe ndi milomo ndi yayikulu ndipo ilipo yambiri.
